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1.
Nanna Andreasen Rebecca Jackson Arka Rudra Henrik Nøhr-Hansen Hamed Sanei Jørgen Bojesen-Koefoed Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz Christof Pearce Nicolas Thibault Sofia Ribeiro 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(4):459-475
The organic matter content of marine sediments is often used to infer past changes in ocean conditions. However, the organic carbon pool preserved in coastal sediments is a complex mixture derived from different sources and may not reflect in situ processes. In this study, we combine taxonomic identification of reworked palynomorphs with pyrolysis organic geochemistry and reflected-light organic petrographic microscopy to investigate the provenance, composition and preservation of organic matter in a marine sediment core retrieved from the NE Greenland shelf. Our study reveals continuous yet variable input of land-derived organic carbon to the marine environment throughout the late Younger Dryas–Holocene, with the highest input of inert carbon in the late Younger Dryas. Although the sediments contain some recent marine palynomorphs, there is no other evidence of fresh marine organic carbon. In contrast, our results indicate that these shelf sediments represent a significant sink of recycled organic carbon. The results of pyrolysis geochemistry revealed that ~90% of the total organic carbon in the sediments is inert. The organic petrography analyses revealed that >70–84% of the organic carbon in the sediment core is terrigenous. Reworked dinoflagellate cysts showed a continuous provenance of Cretaceous land-derived material, most likely from the nearby Clavering Island. Our study points to the importance of constraining the organic matter origin, composition and preservation in marine sediments to achieve more accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on organic proxies. 相似文献
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沉积物的物质来源问题是海洋沉积学所关注的关键问题。以北部湾涠洲岛海域的沉积柱样为例,在过剩210Pb法构建良好的年代框架基础上,利用元素、稳定同位素、放射性核素多种方法,解析沉积物中有机物和无机物的来源问题。结果显示:基于δ13C指标获得的沉积物中海源和陆源有机物的平均贡献比例分别为95.0%和5.0%;基于Al、Cu、40K、226Ra多种代用指标的端元混合模型计算沉积物中生物成因和碎屑成因的无机物平均贡献比例分别为64.1%和35.9%;而沉积物中Pb分布无法满足端元混合模型的结果,说明存在人类活动的可能影响。进一步构建沉积柱样中基于δ13C的陆源有机物和基于40K的生源无机物的贡献比例的年代变化趋势,发现该变化趋势与人类活动和气候变化（厄尔尼诺现象）密切相关。总之,利用元素、稳定同位素、放射性核素多种方法综合解析沉积物中物质来源问题,尝试探索多种物源识别的代用指标,为北部湾涠洲岛海域的生态环境管理提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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Adolfo G. Requejo James G. Quinn Juanita N. Gearing Patrick J. Gearing 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,7(1):1-10
Concentration profiles of five C25 and C30 biogenic alkenes in a sediment core collected from the upper anoxic basin of the Pettaquamscutt River have been determined. The five alkenes were identified usin gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as three isomeric C25 dienes, a C25 triene and a bicyclic C30 diene. All five compounds exhibit subsurface concentration maxima, thought to result from either preservation of a past increase in alkene production or a current bacterial in situ production at depth. Similarities exist in the concentrations of two alkenes common to this core and a core from upper Narragansett Bay, despite significant differences in the origin and content of sedimentary organic matter (as inferred from organic carbon and δ 13C measurements) at each location. These observations support the proposed bacterial in situ synthesis of alkenes. Other alkenes, whose concentration in sediments had been previously correlated with the incidence of marine organic matter, were not detected in the upper basin sediments. Their absence is consistent with the range of organic carbon δ 13C values measured, which indicate that the component originating from marine sources is small. A comparison of organic carbon and δ 13C values in this core with those previously reported from a core collected in an adjoining basin indicate that the sedimentary regimes at the two sites differ despite their close proximity and similar hydrography. 相似文献
5.
基于AMS14C测年、有机碳、氮含量及其同位素等指标分析,探讨了冲绳海槽中南部OKT-3孔末次冰消期以来沉积物有机质来源及其对古海洋环境演化的响应。结果显示,OKT-3孔沉积物中有机质主要由中国大陆和中国台湾等陆源有机质,以及海洋自生有机质组成。末次冰消期至全新世晚期（17.3~4 ka B.P.）,中国大陆源有机质贡献逐渐下降,中国台湾源有机质贡献逐渐上升,表明海平面变化、黑潮变动是该阶段有机质来源的主要控制因素。4~1.5 ka期间,陆源有机质供给变化趋势与黑潮变动不一致,表明该时期陆源输入非黑潮单一控制,还可能受季风降雨等变化影响。值得注意的是,OKT-3孔海源有机质贡献在B-A和PB时期高、YD时期低,与北太平洋地区的生产力变化相似,反映了北太平洋中层水（NPIW）对海水表层生产力的控制作用,NPIW是连通冲绳海槽与北太平洋的重要纽带。 相似文献
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为了研究火山作用对黑色泥岩有机质富集机制的影响,以重庆市武隆区焦页143-5井岩心为研究对象,借助汞元素含量、总硫、总有机碳和钡元素含量等手段,分析上扬子地区奥陶系与志留系之交(五峰组-龙马溪组)火山活动和有机质富集的耦合关系.结果表明,汞元素富集层位(龙马溪组底部)对应着海洋生产力指标(总有机碳和生源钡)的高值,同时,上扬子地区多个剖面的火山凝灰岩的厚度分布与有机碳含量空间分布有很好的对应关系,亦表明火山作用与有机质富集具有紧密联系.因此,认为多期次的、广泛的火山喷发可能是奥陶纪与志留纪之交中上扬子地区有机质富集的重要原因. 相似文献
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Thomas S. Bianchi Laura A. Wysocki Kathryn M. Schreiner Timothy R. Filley D. Reide Corbett Alexander S. Kolker 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2011,17(4-5):431-456
High sedimentation rates along river-dominated margins make these systems important repositories for organic carbon derived from both allochthonous and autochthonous sources. Using elemental carbon/nitrogen ratios, molecular biomarker (lignin phenol), and stable carbon isotopic (bulk and compound-specific) analyses, this study examined the sources of organic carbon to the Louisiana shelf within one of the primary dispersive pathways of the Mississippi River. Surface sediment samples were collected from stations across the inner, mid, and outer Louisiana shelf, within the Mississippi River plume region, during two cruises in the spring and fall of 2000. Lignin biomarker data showed spatial patterns in terrestrial source plant materials within the river plume, such that sediments near the mouth of the Mississippi River were comparatively less degraded and richer in C4 plant carbon than those found at mid-depth regions of the shelf. A molecular and stable isotope-based mixing model defining riverine, marsh, and marine organic carbon suggested that the highest organic carbon inputs to the shelf in spring were from marine sources (55?C61% marine organic carbon), while riverine organic carbon was the highest (63%) in fall, likely due to lower inputs of marine organic carbon at this time compared with the spring season. This model also indicated that marsh inputs, ranging from 19 to 34% and 3?C15% of the organic carbon in spring and fall, respectively, were significantly more important sources of organic carbon on the inner Louisiana shelf than previously suggested. Finally, we propose that the decomposition of terrestrial-derived organic carbon (from the river and local wetlands sources) in mobile muds may serve as a largely unexplored additional source of oxygen-consuming organic carbon in hypoxic bottom waters of the Louisiana shelf. 相似文献
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末次冰期以来南海北部下陆坡区沉积有机质地球化学特征及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取南海北部下陆坡-深海平原过渡带典型沉积柱状样,通过对其沉积有机质的整体有机地球化学特征进行表征,探讨了南海下陆坡-深海平原区沉积有机质在冰期/间冰期旋回中的赋存状态、来源变化以及与古气候环境之间的相应关系。结果表明,总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）和有机质稳定碳同位素（δ13Corg）与冰期/间冰期旋回有明显的对应关系,冰期时对应高值,间冰期时对应低值;而有机质稳定氮同位素（δ15N）表现为全新世时其值偏低,末次冰消期其值偏高,与气候旋回没有相关性; C/N值和δ13Corg值都表明南海北部下陆坡沉积有机质来源是陆相和海相的混源,且在末次冰期/间冰期尺度上主要以海相来源为主。 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》2004,23(3-4):261-281
The organic carbon content of marine sediments is commonly used as a proxy for export production. However, in continental margin sediments a large fraction of the organic matter may be of terrestrial origin, and it is necessary to correct the total organic carbon data accordingly. Radiocarbon dating of bulk organic carbon, organic geochemistry and isotope data (δ13C and δ15N) are used here to characterize the type of organic matter present in Core JT96-09 collected at a water depth of 920 m on the slope off Western Canada. The quantities of marine and terrestrial organic carbon are then estimated using the δ13C data. The 16 kyr record obtained from Core JT96-09 suggests that accumulation of total organic carbon was highest during the late glacial and deglacial, but geochemical data indicate that as much as 70% of this carbon is terrestrial in origin. When the palaeo-record is corrected for this terrigenous input it is observed that accumulation of marine organic matter, and presumably marine export production, increased at the end of the last glacial contemporaneous with the Bølling, and that it peaked during the Allerød. Data from other palaeoproductivity proxies (i.e., bio-barium, opal and alkenones) also indicate relatively high productivity during the deglacial. These results indicate a return to modern upwelling conditions and high marine export production at ∼14.3 calendar kyr BP and a period of enhanced upwelling, relative to the present, during the Allerød. 相似文献
10.
为探究全球变暖对于高纬度海洋生态环境的影响,对中国第5次北极科学考察在白令海陆架区采集的BL16柱样沉积物中的脂类进行了研究.沉积物中检测到丰富的饱和烃和脂肪酸等化合物,其组成和分布显示,该沉积柱中有机质为陆源和海源混合输入.其中长链正构烷烃和长链饱和正构脂肪酸主要来源于陆源高等植物,饱和异构和反异构脂肪酸主要来源于海洋自生细菌,短碳链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷烃的浓度相互间有较好的相关性,表明其来源较为一致,主要来源于海洋浮游藻类和细菌.海源短链正构烷烃与陆源长链正构烷烃的比值∑C15-21/∑C23-33在0.14~0.90之间,表明该沉积柱中正构烷烃主要以陆源输入为主.沉积柱中短链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷浓度,以及脂肪酸中异构、反异构脂肪酸组分与长链饱和正构脂肪酸组分的相对变化与总有机碳含量（TOC）、总氮含量（TN）变化一致,尤其在20世纪70年代以来明显升高,可能反映了海洋初级生产力持续增加的趋势,并且对全球变暖做出了灵敏的响应. 相似文献
11.
Adélie Delacour Gretchen L. Früh-Green Philippe Schaeffer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(15):3681-3702
The carbon geochemistry of serpentinized peridotites and gabbroic rocks recovered at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field (LCHF) and drilled at IODP Hole 1309D at the central dome of the Atlantis Massif (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 30°N) was examined to characterize carbon sources and speciation in oceanic basement rocks affected by long-lived hydrothermal alteration. Our study presents new data on the geochemistry of organic carbon in the oceanic lithosphere and provides constraints on the fate of dissolved organic carbon in seawater during serpentinization. The basement rocks of the Atlantis Massif are characterized by total carbon (TC) contents of 59 ppm to 1.6 wt% and δ13CTC values ranging from −28.7‰ to +2.3‰. In contrast, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and isotopic compositions are relatively constant (δ13CTOC: −28.9‰ to −21.5‰) and variations in δ13CTC reflect mixing of organic carbon with carbonates of marine origin. Saturated hydrocarbons extracted from serpentinites beneath the LCHF consist of n-alkanes ranging from C15 to C30. Longer-chain hydrocarbons (up to C40) are observed in olivine-rich samples from the central dome (IODP Hole 1309D). Occurrences of isoprenoids (pristane, phytane and squalane), polycyclic compounds (hopanes and steranes) and higher relative abundances of n-C16 to n-C20 alkanes in the serpentinites of the southern wall suggest a marine organic input. The vent fluids are characterized by high concentrations of methane and hydrogen, with a putative abiotic origin of hydrocarbons; however, evidence for an inorganic source of n-alkanes in the basement rocks remains equivocal. We propose that high seawater fluxes in the southern part of the Atlantis Massif likely favor the transport and incorporation of marine dissolved organic carbon and overprints possible abiotic geochemical signatures. The presence of pristane, phytane and squalane biomarkers in olivine-rich samples associated with local faults at the central dome implies fracture-controlled seawater circulation deep into the gabbroic core of the massif. Thus, our study indicates that hydrocarbons account for an important proportion of the total carbon stored in the Atlantis Massif basement and suggests that serpentinites may represent an important—as yet unidentified—reservoir for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from seawater. 相似文献
12.
Abundances of organic carbon, sulfur, and reactive iron in sediments of three upwelling environments (Peru, Oman and Benguela) suggest that organic carbon/reduced sulfur ratios (C/S-ratios) in this category of marine sediments deviate considerably from previously established empirical ratios in normal marine sediments. To clarify the discrepancies, we investigated those components of the diagenetic system that limit the formation of pyrite: sulfate concentrations and reduction rates in pore waters, availability of reactive iron, and the quantity and quality of organic matter. All three limitations are evident in our sample pools. The results suggest that C/S-ratios in recent and fossil marine sediments rich in organic matter may be unsuitable as paleoenvironmental indicators. 相似文献
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二叠纪-三叠纪之交海、陆相地层对比研究对陆相二叠系-三叠系界线的定义以及全面认识该全球性重大生物与环境突变事件具有重要意义,是当前国际古生物学与地层学研究的重点和难点.选择贵州六盘水仲河二叠系-三叠系界线剖面为研究对象,系统研究了该剖面的化石面貌和有机碳同位素演变特征.结合黔西滇东地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交良好的陆相、海陆过渡相和浅海碎屑岩相地层记录,初步搭建了海、陆相生物地层与有机碳同位素地层对比框架.值得关注的是,综合已有研究的陆相和海陆过渡相剖面植物有机碳同位素和海相剖面无机碳同位素数据,发现均存在相同的碳同位素演变特征,且与生物地层对比方案一致.据此,认为高分辨率的有机碳同位素化学地层是实现海-陆相地层对比的有效手段之一. 相似文献
14.
自然和人类活动作用下月湖沉积物有机质来源及其演变 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
潟湖海湾可以保存环境演化和人类活动的良好记录,碳氮元素含量及同位素特征可用来有效地反演这些演化。对位于山东半岛的月湖柱状样和沿岸表层样总有机碳、总氮、稳定碳氮同位素的分析表明,陆源物质对月湖沉积物和有机质的贡献很小,其沉积物中有机质的主要来源是维管植物大叶藻和各种海洋藻类。在2002年前大约140 a的沉积历史中,大叶藻对沉积物有机质的贡献比例呈上升趋势,其中在约1930年和1980年有两次明显的上升,前者可能因为种群的快速繁育,后者则可能是1979年口门筑坝后由于湾内环境恶化,大叶藻开始大量死亡的表现。月湖海洋藻类的有机碳埋藏通量在沉积记录中保持相对稳定,而大叶藻则增加了一倍,但两者都有一定程度的波动。研究结果表明自然环境演变（如沙嘴生长、口门缩小）和人类活动（如筑坝、修筑虾池）对月湖生态环境及有机碳埋藏的影响在沉积物中有清晰的记录。 相似文献
15.
粘土矿物保存海洋沉积有机质研究进展及其碳循环意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋沉积物吸附有机质的量和有机质循环周期与粘土矿物类型和吸附方式密切相关,并在全球碳循环中扮演着不同的角色。粘土吸附有机质有物理吸附和化学吸附之分,前者主要存在于粘土的微孔隙中,参与年、十年或百年尺度的循环;后者主要存在于粘土矿物层间和外表面,稳定性较好,有机质易于保存,可参与百万年或更长时间的循环,这种不同时间尺度内的碳循环,将会改写海洋沉积物有机碳“源”、“汇”的关系。不同类型粘土矿物的性质存在差异,决定了吸附有机质量的多寡,蒙脱石的吸附量远大于伊利石的吸附量,这可能是造成全球不同海域中有机碳“源”、“汇”变化的原因。海洋沉积物处于水圈、生物圈和岩石圈的交汇地带,有机碳的差异和变化,都会对全球碳循环及气候变化产生重要的影响。 相似文献
16.
The sequestration of terrestrial organic carbon in Arctic Ocean sediments: A comparison of methods and implications for regional carbon budgets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A variety of approaches have previously been developed to estimate the fraction of terrestrial or marine organic carbon present in aquatic sediments. The task of quantifying each component is especially important for the Arctic due to the regions’ sensitivity to global climate change and the potential for enhanced terrestrial organic carbon inputs with continued Arctic warming to alter carbon sequestration. Yet it is unclear how each approach compares in defining organic carbon sources in sediments as well as their impact on regional or pan-Arctic carbon budgets. Here, we investigated multiple methods: (1) two end-member mixing models utilizing bulk stable carbon isotopes; (2) the relationship between long-chain n-alkanes and organic carbon (ALKOC); (3) principal components analysis (PCA) combined with scaling of a large suite of lipid biomarkers; and (4) ratios of branched and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (the BIT index) to calculate the fraction of terrestrial organic matter components preserved in Arctic marine sediments.Estimated terrestrial organic carbon content among approaches showed considerable variation for identical sediment samples. For a majority of the samples, the BIT index resulted in the lowest estimates for terrestrial organic carbon, corroborating recent suggestions that this proxy may represent a distinct fraction of terrestrial organic matter; i.e., peat or soil organic matter, as opposed to markers such as n-alkanes or long-chain fatty acids which measure higher plant wax inputs. Because of the patchy inputs of n-alkanes to this region from coastal erosion in the western Arctic, the ALKOC approach was not as effective as when applied to river-dominated margins found in the eastern Arctic. The difficulties in constraining a marine δ13C end-member limit the applicability of stable isotope mixing models in polar regions. Estimates of terrestrial organic carbon using the lipid-based PCA method and the bulk δ13C mixing model approach varied drastically at each site, suggesting that organic matter fractions such as amino acids or carbohydrates may affect bulk organic matter composition in a manner that is not captured in the lipid-based analysis. Overall, terrestrial organic matter inputs to the Chukchi and western Beaufort Seas using the average of the methods at each site ranged from 11% to 44%, indicating that land-derived organic matter plays a substantial role in carbon dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean. 相似文献
17.
采用质谱和色谱-同位素质谱技术,测定了500余个干酪根及饱和烃、芳烃组份、正构烷烃的δ13C值,以此揭示了四川盆地海、陆相烃源岩有机碳同位素组成随地质时代的变化特点及其在高成熟阶段的演化特征,并结合其他相关分析资料,应用碳同位素剖析了不同类型海、陆相烃源岩的有机质生源及沉积环境。研究结果表明,该盆地从震旦系灯影组到中三叠统雷口坡组的海相地层中,干酪根的碳同位素组成随层位变新呈逐渐变重的趋势,可能的原因之一是浮游植物的进化作用;而上三叠统须家河组至中侏罗统千佛崖组的陆相有机质碳同位素组成则有反向的年代变化,主要与生源构成和沉积环境性质有关。这些海、陆相烃源岩的有机源难以用干酪根δ13C值进行区分,而可用饱和烃与芳烃组份的δ13C及其CV值来区别。海洋和湖泊不同沉积相带烃源岩的干酪根具有明显不同的δ13C值,结合其他相关资料可识别其有机质来源。煤系地层中煤与泥岩在干酪根碳同位素组成上没有可区分性,而两者有不同的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线。从成熟晚期到高-过成熟阶段,海、陆相干酪根的碳同位素均变重1~2‰,煤系泥岩的正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线由负向线型分布向平直型演变。这些碳同位素的变化特征为油气源对比和烃源识别提供了依据。 相似文献
18.
松辽盆地白垩系青山口组下部广泛分布一套富含有机碳的黑色泥岩、页岩沉积,是全盆地地层划分对比的一级标志。茂206井是中国白垩纪大陆科学钻探工程井,全井获取了青山口组497.02 m的岩心资料。茂206井青山口组具有相对高的有机碳、干酪根碳同位素正偏、重排甾烷含量低以及普遍存在伽马蜡烷生物标志化合物等有机地球化学特征,表征为白垩纪温室效应时间窗内古湖泊缺氧事件的产物。结合生物地层研究成果,认为青山口期缺氧事件层大体可与白垩纪古海洋Cenomanian-Turonian界线事件层进行对比,进一步证实了青山口组的地质时代属晚白垩世晚Cenomanian-Turonian期的观点。 相似文献
19.
四川盆地南部（简称“川南”） 广泛发育多套下古生界海相泥页岩层系,其中龙马溪组为该区一套优良的烃源岩
层,具备优越的页岩气形成条件。根据长宁和威远页岩气探区的钻井岩心、露头样品分析资料,对川南地区下志留统龙马
溪组页岩有机质特征及其对页岩气富集规律的影响进行研究后表明,川南龙马溪组页岩的有机质类型为Ⅰ～Ⅱ1型,有机
碳含量较高（平均为2.52%）,热演化程度为2.0%～3.8%,达到了高-过成熟阶段;研究区的有机质特征对页岩气的富集具
有重要的影响,干酪根的类型决定着甲烷吸附能力强弱,有机质丰度和有机演化程度决定了页岩的生气量和含气量,同时
高TOC和Ro也能促进有机质微孔隙的发育,为页岩气的富集提供更多有利空间。因此,研究认为川南地区龙马溪组有机质
特征较好,有利于页岩气的富集成藏。 相似文献
20.
All of the major deep-water sedimentary provinces of the Gulf of Mexico were sampled with 48 piston cores, representative of the late Quaternary. The amount (per cent) and δ5C13 of the organic carbon in the sediment was measured at intervals within each core.Graphs of δC13 versus depth for each core give an indication of the sedimentological history of the Gulf. They show the extent of terrestrial influence on the Gulf during the late Pleistocene.Changes in δC13 of up to 6.0%.(from ~ ?19%.to ?25%. vs NBS-20) were measured across the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in cores from the abyssal plain. These changes are consistent with a model wherein varying amounts of land-derived organic carbon were transported to the Gulf basin during glacial periods.By comparing graphs for cores from different areas, it was concluded that the major parameter affecting the δC13 values of organic carbon from marine sediments is the relative amount of terrestrial material present in the sediment. The maximum possible effect of the Pleistocene-Holocene temperature change in the Gulf was determined to be ~1.0%, if such an effect occurs at all. 相似文献