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1.
《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):45-45
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2.
The Tower Hill gold deposit is distinguished from most Archaean lode deposits of the Yilgarn Craton by virtue of its formation early in the regional deformation history and its consequent deformation. The deposit is located in ultramafic schist, adjacent to the contact with a small pluton of biotite monzogranite that intrudes pervasively foliated granodiorite, the dominant component of the Raeside Batholith. Gold, accompanied by local concentrations of bismuth minerals and molybdenite, occurs in a number of quartz vein ‘packages‘. Mineralised quartz veins at Tower Hill lie within an envelope of potassic alteration (talc‐biotite‐chlorite‐pyrite schist), up to several hundred metres wide. They are spatially and temporally associated with the biotite monzogranite and felsic porphyry intrusions, and their deformed equivalents. The deposit lies in a broad zone of ductile deformation (the Sons of Gwalia Shear Zone). Within the altered ultramafic schist, thin units of felsic schist, derived from biotite monzogranite and felsic porphyry, provided sites of contrasting competency that localised quartz vein formation. The mineralised quartz veins were subsequently deformed during alternating periods of shortening and extension, probably related to the syntectonic, solid‐state emplacement of the Raeside Batholith. These deformations pre‐dated strike‐slip movement on the Cemetery Fault, which truncates the ductile fabrics of the Sons of Gwalia Shear Zone, south of Tower Hill. In terms of the regional deformation history, gold mineralisation at Tower Hill formed during early D2 (regional upright folding); subsequent deformation of the orebody pre‐dated D3 (strike‐slip movement on the Cemetery Fault). The nearby Sons of Gwalia and Harbour Lights deposits also probably formed at an early stage, in contrast to most lode gold deposits in the Yilgarn Craton, which formed during or after D3.  相似文献   

3.
The Shkol’noe deposit is localized in a small granitoid stock, the root portion of which is traced using geophysical data to a depth of 5–8 km. The high-grade gold ore (33 gpt Au) is enriched in silver and principally differs in ore composition from the previously studied mesothermal gold-quartz and epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Russian Northeast. The main reserves of the Shkol’noe deposit concentrate in bonanzas (20% of the total volume of orebodies). The internal deformation is related to the rearrangement of matter in freibergite; exsolution structures in fahlore and native gold are related to postmineral metamorphism. It is suggested that the ore of the Shkol’noe deposit occupies a transitional position between porphyrytype and epithermal levels of ore deposition.  相似文献   

4.
Stable isotope analyses of quartz, sulphides, and magnetite were conducted to provide information on thermal history and source of hydrothermal fluids in the Palaeoproterozoic Enåsen gold deposit. Reequilibration and homogenization of oxygen isotopes throughout the rock have apparently not occurred despite the upper amphibolite to granulite facies regional metamorphism that has affected the rocks. However, oxygen isotope geothermometry on a coexisting quartz-magnetite pair gave a minimum temperature for peak metamorphism of around 650 °C which agrees with Fe-Mg geothermometry. This suggests that grain-scale equilibrium is achieved. The variation in oxygen isotope ratios (18O = 7.3 – 10.5) on quartz from the metamorphosed acid sulphate alteration zone is suggested to represent a cooling trend in the fossil hydrothermal system with higher 18O-values in more superficial parts. Temperatures of alteration and silicification and isotopic composition of hydrothermal fluids could not be defined from the present data but it was recognized that the data is compatible with a epithermal genesis for the deposit. It is suggested that alteration, silicification, and mineralization at the Enåsen gold deposit took place in a high sulphidation epithermal environment at temperatures of around 200–250 °C and that the hydrothermal fluids consisted of meteoric and magmatic water. A tentative reconstruction of the fossil hydrothermal system is presented. Sulphur isotope ratios of sulphides from the fold-bearing quartz-sillimanite gneiss gave 34S-values close to zero indicating a magmatic source of the sulphur.  相似文献   

5.
东天山是中亚增生造山带的重要组成部分,蕴含了重要的铁、铜、镍、铅锌、金、钼、铷等矿床。近年来,东天山地区陆续发现了十余个大中型钨矿床,有望成为重要的钨矿资源基地。本文介绍了东天山地区钨矿床的地质特征、时空分布与构造背景,总结了东天山钨矿成矿规律,开展了成矿预测。东天山地区钨矿类型主要包括矽卡岩型、石英脉型及云英岩型,钨矿床的空间分布明显受控于前寒武纪结晶基底,成矿时间主要聚焦于三叠纪和晚石炭世。其中,中天山地块的矽卡岩型钨矿和东南缘的石英脉型钨矿形成于三叠纪,而中天山西南缘的矽卡岩型钨矿形成于晚石炭世,均与洋盆闭合之后的碰撞造山作用有关。根据东天山地区钨矿成矿规律,本文认为东天山地区钨矿找矿潜力巨大,提出了“前寒武纪基底+花岗岩+化探异常”的钨矿找矿预测思路,针对不同尺度的钨矿找矿勘查提出了建议。  相似文献   

6.
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7.
Generally, sandstone-type uranium deposits can be divided into three zones according to their redox conditions: oxidized zone, ore zone and reduced zone. The Dongsheng uranium deposit belongs to this type. In order to study its geochemical characteristics, 11 samples were taken from the three zones of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. Five samples of them were collected from the oxidized zone, four samples from the ore zone and two samples from the reduced zone. These samples were analyzed using organic and inorganic geochemical methods. The results of GC traces and ICP-MASS indicate that the three zones show different organic and inorganic geochemical characteristics.  相似文献   

8.
The Duolanasayi gold deposit, 60 km NW of Habahe County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is a mid-large-scale gold deposit controlled by brittle-ductile shearing, and superimposed by albitite veins and late-stage magma hydrothermal solutions. There are four types of pyrite, which are contained in the light metamorphosed rocks (limestone, siltstone), altered-mineralized rocks (chlorite-schist, altered albite-granite, mineralized phyllite), quartz veins and carbonatite veinlets. The pyrite is the most common ore mineral. The Au-barren pyrite is present mainly in a simple form and gold-bearing pyrite is present mainly in a composite form. From the top downwards, the pyrite varies in crystal form from {100} and {210} {100} to {210} {100} {111} to {100} {111}. Geochemical studies indicate that the molecular contents of pyrite range from Fe1.057S2 to Fe0.941S2. Gold positively correlates with Mn, Sr, Zn, Te, Pb, Ba and Ag. There are four groups of trace elements: Fe-Cu-Sr-Ag, Au-Te-Co, As-Pb-Zn and Mn-V-Ti-Ba-Ni-Cr in pyrite. The REE characteristics show that the total amount of REE (ΣREE) ranges from 32.35×10 -6 to 132.18×10 -6; LREE/HREE, 4.466-9.142; (La/Yb)N, 3.719-11.133; (Eu/Sm)N, 0.553-1.656; (Sm/Nd)N, 0.602-0.717; La/Yb, 6.26-18.75; δEu, 0.628-2.309; δCe, 0.308-0.816. Sulfur isotopic compositions (δ 34S=-2.46‰--7.02‰) suggest that the sulfur associated with gold mineralization was derived from the upper mantle or lower crust.  相似文献   

9.
《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,41(1):27-40
Diyadin mineralization is the first reported gold deposit located in a collisional tectonic environment in Eastern Anatolia. The mineralization is related to N–S and N10–20°W-trending fault systems and hosted within the Paleozoic metamorphic basement rocks of the Anatolide–Toride microcontinent. Calc-schist, dolomitic marble and Miocene and Quaternary volcanic rocks comprise the exposed units in the mineralized area. Geochemical signatures, alteration types and host rock characteristics of the Diyadin gold deposit resemble those of Carlin-type deposits. Mineralization is constrained by alteration of overlying volcanic rocks to younger than ~ 14 Ma (K–Ar).Carbon and oxygen stable isotope measurements of carbonate rocks were made on six drill holes (n = 81) with an additional four samples of fresh carbonate rocks from surface outcrops. Background carbonate rocks have δ13CV-PDB ~ 1.8‰ and δ18OV-SMOW ~ 27‰. Isotopically-altered host rock samples have decreased δ18O (down to ~+11.4‰) and variable δ13C (from − 3.6 to + 4.8‰). Postore carbonate veins and cave-fill material have distinctly different isotopic signatures, particularly carbon (from δ13C = + 8.4 to + 9.8‰). Whether this post-ore carbonate is simply very late in mineralization associated with the gold system, or is a completely different, younger system utilizing the same pathways, is unclear at present. Within the host rock sample set, there is no correlation between gold and δ13C, and a weak correlation between gold and δ18O, indicative of water–rock interaction and isotopic alteration. Both the isotopic data and structural mapping suggest that the main upflow zone for the deposit is near the northern portion of the drill fence. Additional data at multiple scales are required to clarify the relationship(s) between fluid flow and mineralization.  相似文献   

10.
《Ore Geology Reviews》2003,22(1-2):61-90
Quantitative laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS analyses of fluid inclusions, trace element chemistry of sulfides, stable isotope (S), and Pb isotopes have been used to discriminate the formation of two contrasting mineralization styles and to evaluate the origin of the Cu and Au at Mt Morgan.The Mt Morgan Au–Cu deposit is hosted by Devonian felsic volcanic rocks that have been intruded by multiple phases of the Mt Morgan Tonalite, a low-K, low-Al2O3 tonalite–trondhjemite–dacite (TTD) complex. An early, barren massive sulfide mineralization with stringer veins is conforming to VHMS sub-seafloor replacement processes, whereas the high-grade Au–Cu ore is associated with a later quartz–chalcopyrite–pyrite stockwork mineralization that is related to intrusive phases of the Tonalite complex. LA-ICP-MS fluid inclusion analyses reveal high As (avg. 8850 ppm) and Sb (avg. 140 ppm) for the Au–Cu mineralization and 5 to 10 times higher Cu concentration than in the fluids associated with the massive pyrite mineralization. Overall, the hydrothermal system of Mt Morgan is characterized by low average fluid salinities in both mineralization styles (45–80% seawater salinity) and temperatures of 210 to 270 °C estimated from fluid inclusions. Laser Raman Spectroscopic analysis indicates a consistent and uniform array of CO2-bearing fluids. Comparison with active submarine hydrothermal vents shows an enrichment of the Mt Morgan fluids in base metals. Therefore, a seawater-dominated fluid is assumed for the barren massive sulfide mineralization, whereas magmatic volatile contributions are implied for the intrusive related mineralization. Condensation of magmatic vapor into a seawater-dominated environment explains the CO2 occurrence, the low salinities, and the enriched base and precious metal fluid composition that is associated with the Au–Cu mineralization. The sulfur isotope signature of pyrite and chalcopyrite is composed of fractionated Devonian seawater and oxidized magmatic fluids or remobilized sulfur from existing sulfides. Pb isotopes indicate that Au and Cu originated from the Mt Morgan intrusions and a particular volcanic strata that shows elevated Cu background.  相似文献   

11.
The R?anovo deposit is a unique example of metamorphosed lateritic Fe-Ni deposits in the wellknown Vardar ophiolitic belt of the Balkans, where Fe-Ni mineralization is a product of the Early Cretaceous lateritic weathering mantle after Jurassic ultramafic rocks subsequently redeposited into the Cretaceous shallow-water marine basin. As a result, a layer of Fe-Ni ore 30–50 m thick with an average Ni grade of ～1% was formed at the R?anovo deposit; this layer is traced for more than 4 km along the strike and 500 m down the dip. At the end of the Late Cretaceous, intense Alpine tectonic faulting and folding resulted in overturning of the initially horizontal ore layer, which is now nearly vertical. The most abundant fissile hematite ore contains 0.70–1.27% Ni, whereas the economically most important massive hematite ore with 0.93–1.49% Ni occurs locally. The major Ni-bearing minerals are magnetite, hematite, chromite, sulfides, talc, chlorite, amphibole, and stilpnomelane.  相似文献   

12.
The Palaeoproterozoic (1.9 Ga) Rytky and Kotalahti mafic-ultramafic intrusions are located in the contact zone between the Archaean craton and Proterozoic supracrustal rocks. During the second deformation event (D2) the surrounding country rocks were subjected to intensive metamorphism and deformation associated with the Svecofennian orogeny; the Archaean/Proterozoic boundary controlled both D2 thrusting and magma ascent. Emplacement of the Rytky and Kotalahti intrusions took place at the culmination of D2, as shown by the gneiss inclusions with S2 schistosity within the intrusions. Overthrusting continued after emplacement, with detached fragments of the bodies incorporated into the Archaean gneisses. During the third deformation event (D3) the originally subhorizontal intrusions were rotated into a subvertical position, so that they now have their stratigraphic top towards the west. The Rytky intrusion is composed mainly of medium- and coarse-grained lherzolite, websterite and gabbronorite. The nickel deposit with pentlandite as the main nickel mineral is associated with the lherzolite and websterite. The coarse-grained lherzolite, websterite and melagabbro represent the first rocks to form, and they contain the nickel sulphide mineralisation. Country rock contamination, as indicated by high TiO2, P2O5, Rb, Zr and light rare earth element contents (LREE), is most pronounced in the marginal part of the intrusion, which was the first to form. The variation in olivine composition (Fo 78.6-84.77 mole %; Ni 630–2386 ppm) and the metal ratio of the sulphide (Ni/Co 19.3 – 50.3) along with the internal stratigraphy of the intrusion indicate an in-situ process of sulphide ore formation.Editorial handling: P. LightfootAn erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

13.
The Boliden deposit (8.3 Mt at 15.9 g/t Au) is interpreted to have been formed between ca. 1894 and 1891 Ma, based on two new U–Pb ID-TIMS ages: a maximum age of 1893.9?+?2.0/?1.9 Ma obtained from an altered quartz and feldspar porphyritic rhyolite in the deposit footwall in the volcanic Skellefte group and a minimum age of 1890.8?±?1 Ma obtained from a felsic mass-flow deposit in the lowermost part of the volcano-sedimentary Vargfors group, which forms the stratigraphic hanging wall to the deposit. These ages are in agreement with the alteration and mineralization being formed at or near the sea floor in the volcanogenic massive sulfide environment. These two ages and the geologic relationships imply that: (1) volcanism and hydrothermal activity in the Skellefte group were initiated earlier than 1.89 Ga which was previously considered to be the onset of volcanism in the Skellefte group; (2) the volcano-sedimentary succession of the Vargfors group is perhaps as old as 1892 Ma in the eastern part of the Skellefte district; and (3) an early (synvolcanic) deformation event in the Skellefte group is evidenced by the unconformity between the ≤1893.9?+?2.0/?1.9 Ma Skellefte group upper volcanic rocks and the ≤1890.8?±?1 Ma Vargfors sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the Boliden domain. Differential block tilting, uplift, and subsidence controlled by synvolcanic faults in an extensional environment is likely, perhaps explaining some hybrid VMS-epithermal characteristics shown by the VMS deposits of the district.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
There are two types of lead–zinc ore bodies, i.e., sandstone-hosted ores (SHO) and limestone-hosted ores (LHO), in the Jinding giant sulfide deposit, Yunnan, SW China. Structural analysis suggests that thrust faults and dome structures are the major structural elements controlling lead–zinc mineralization. The two types of ore bodies are preserved in two thrust sheets in a three-layered structural profile in the framework of the Jinding dome structure. The SHO forms the cap of the dome and LHO bodies are concentrated beneath the SHO cap in the central part of the dome. Quartz, feldspar and calcite, and sphalerite, pyrite, and galena are the dominant mineral components in the sandstone-hosted lead–zinc ores. Quartz and feldspar occur as detrital clasts and are cemented by diagenetic calcite and epigenetic sulfides. The sulfide paragenetic sequence during SHO mineralization is from early pyrite to galena and late sphalerite. Galena occurs mostly in two types of cracks, i.e., crescent-style grain boundary cracks along quartz–pyrite, or rarely along pyrite–pyrite boundaries, and intragranular radial cracks in early pyrite grains surrounding quartz clasts. The radial cracks are more or less perpendicular to the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries and do not show any overall (whole rock) orientation pattern. Their distribution, morphological characteristics, and geometrical relationships with quartz and pyrite grains suggest the predominant role of grain-scale cracking. Thermal expansion cracking is one of the most important mechanisms for the generation of open spaces during galena mineralization. Cracking due to heating or cooling by infiltrating fluids resulted from upwelling fluid phases through fluid passes connecting the SHO and LHO bodies, provided significant spaces for crystallization of galena. The differences in coefficients of thermal expansion between pyrite and quartz led to a difference in volume changes between quartz grains and pyrite grains surrounding them and contributed to cracking of the pyrite grains when temperature changed. Combined thermal expansion and elastic mismatch due to heating and subsequent cooling resulted in the radial and crescent cracking in the pyrite grains and along the quartz–pyrite grain boundaries.  相似文献   

16.
1 Introduction Alunite [KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6] is a very important non-ferrous metal resource, so many countries throughout the world have made great investments in research on the mechanism of its formation, its geological characteristics and applications. O…  相似文献   

17.
The Zhaima gold–sulfide deposit is located in the northwestern part of the West Kalba gold belt in eastern Kazakhstan. The mineralization is hosted in Lower Carboniferous volcanic and carbonate rocks formed under conditions of marginal-sea and island-arc volcanic activity. The paper considers the mineralogy and geochemistry of primary gold–sulfide ore and Au-bearing weathering crusts. Au-bearing arsenopyrite–pyrite mineralization formed during only one productive stage. Disseminated, stringer–disseminated, and massive rocks are enriched in Ti, Cr, V, Cu, and Ni, which correspond to the mafic profile of basement. The main ores minerals are represented by finely acicular arsenopyrite containing Au (up to few tens of ppm) and cubic and pentagonal dodecahedral pyrite with sporadic submicroscopic inclusions of native gold. The sulfur isotopic composition of sulfides is close to that of the meteoritic standard (δ34S =–0.2 to +0.2). The 40Ar/39Ar age of three sericite samples from ore veinlets corresponds to the Early Permian: 279 ± 3.3, 275.6 ± 2.9, and 272.2 ± 2.9 Ma. The mantle source of sulfur, ore geochemistry, and spatial compatibility of mineralization with basic dikes allow us to speak about the existence of deep fluid–magmatic systems apparently conjugate with the Tarim plume.  相似文献   

18.
近来南岭地区加里东期钨锡找矿勘查取得较大突破,但其成因机制研究仍相对缺乏。湘西南苗儿山岩体西北部的落家冲矿床是近年新发现的加里东期钨锡矿床,具有良好的钨锡多金属矿找矿前景,其成矿流体的特征和成矿机制有待查明。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,落家冲矿床的成矿过程可划分为四个阶段:蚀变花岗岩-白钨矿阶段(Ⅰ)、云英岩-白钨矿-锡石阶段(Ⅱ)、石英脉-白钨矿阶段(Ⅲ)和石英脉-硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)。本文选取第Ⅰ阶段的锆石和锡石开展了U-Pb定年和锆石Hf同位素分析,对四个成矿阶段的石英矿物进行了流体包裹体以及H-O同位素的研究。获得的锡石U-Pb反等时线年龄(433.0±11Ma)与蚀变花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄(430.7±2.3Ma)在误差范围内一致,表明矿区的成岩成矿作用均发生于加里东晚期。流体包裹体研究显示第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅳ阶段,均一温度分别集中在260-380℃、260-320℃、200-320℃和180-220℃之间,呈逐渐降低的趋势,盐度则表现为由第Ⅰ阶段到第Ⅱ阶段陡降,第Ⅱ阶段到第Ⅳ阶段总体变化不大的特点(平均值分别为16.9%、3.9%、4.8%和3.7%NaCleqv)。成岩成矿定年结果、各成矿阶段的成矿流体特征,结合锆石εHf(t)=-7.6--5.0、tDM2=1565-1711Ma,和石英矿物的δ18OH_(2)O值从第Ⅰ阶段(3.97‰-5.34‰)到第Ⅳ阶段(-4.99‰--5.10‰)逐渐降低的特点,以及区域岩体的地球化学特征,本文认为落家冲钨锡矿床是加里东期起源于元古宙地壳重熔的岩浆在经历了高分异演化作用后,流体的沸腾作用以及温度下降造成成矿流体中钨锡等矿质的沉淀所形成。  相似文献   

19.
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20.
The Drenchwater shale-hosted Zn–Pb–Ag deposit and the immediate vicinity, on the northern flank of the Brooks Range in north-central Alaska, is an ideal example of a naturally low pH system. The two drainages, Drenchwater and False Wager Creeks, which bound the deposit, differ in their acidity and metal contents. Moderately acidic waters with elevated concentrations of metals (pH ? 4.3, Zn ? 1400 μg/L) in the Drenchwater Creek drainage basin are attributed to weathering of an exposed base-metal-rich massive sulfide occurrence. Stream sediment and water chemistry data collected from False Wager Creek suggest that an unexposed base-metal sulfide occurrence may account for the lower pH (2.7–3.1) and very metal-rich waters (up to 2600 μg/L Zn, ? 260 μg/L Cu and ?89 μg/L Tl) collected at least 2 km upstream of known mineralized exposures. These more acidic conditions produce jarosite, schwertmannite and Fe-hydroxides commonly associated with acid-mine drainage. The high metal concentrations in some water samples from both streams naturally exceed Alaska state regulatory limits for freshwater aquatic life, affirming the importance of establishing base-line conditions in the event of human land development. The studies at the Drenchwater deposit demonstrate that poor water quality can be generated through entirely natural weathering of base-metal occurrences, and, possibly unmineralized black shale.  相似文献   

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