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1.
Lower Cretaceous beetles belonging to the extinct tribe Brochocoleini (Coleoptera: Cupedidae: Ommatinae) are revised and five new species proposed in the extinct Eurasian genus Brochocoleus: Brochocoleus yangshuwanziensis sp. nov. (Yixian Formation, China); Brochocoleus crowsonae sp. nov., Brochocoleus keenani sp. nov., Brochocoleus tobini sp. nov. (Weald Clay Group, UK); and Brochocoleus maximus sp. nov. (Purbeck Limestone Group, UK). New morphological data is provided for Brochocoleus impressus and Brochocoleus sulcatus stat. nov. of which Brochocoleus angustus is considered a synonym (Yixian Fm.). The hindwing venation is described for the first time supporting the basal position of this tribe. A simple key is provided to all Cretaceous species of this presumably xylophagous, warm climate genus. 相似文献
2.
We describe two new species of extinct biting midges in the fossil genus Protoculicoides: Protoculicoides hispanicus Szadziewski and Arillo, sp. nov. and Protoculicodes sanjusti Szadziewski and Arillo, sp. nov., from Albian (101–113 Ma) amber of San Just, Spain. Atriculicoides Remm, 1976 is recognized as a new junior synonym of Protoculicoides Boesel, 1937 (NEW SYNONYM). Devalquia Choufani et al., 2013 is regarded here as a new junior synonym of the extant genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (NEW SYNONYM). Metahelea roggeroi Choufani et al., 2013 from Upper Cretaceous French amber, is excluded from the tribe Heteromyiini and placed in the extant genus Stilobezzia Kieffer, 1911, tribe Ceratopogonini: Stilobezzia roggeroi (Choufani et al., 2013), comb. nov. The extinct tribe Atriculicoidini Szadziewski, 1996 is regarded as a new subfamily, Atriculicoidinae, stat. nov., that includes the fossil genus Protoculicoides, with 13 species reported from Albian, Turonian, Cenomanian, Coniacian, Santonian and Campanian ambers (78–113 Ma). Protoculicoides skalskii Szadziewski & Arillo, 1998 from Lower Cretaceous amber of Álava, Spain, Protoculicoides succineus Szadziewski, 1966 from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber and Protoculicoides burmiticus Szadziewski & Poinar, 2005 from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber are transferred to the extinct genus Archiculicoides Szadziewski, 1996, comb. nov. Protoculicoides krzeminskii Choufani et al., 2014 from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber is transferred to the extinct genus Archiaustroconops Szadziewski, 1996, comb. nov. The Cretaceous subfamily Atriculicoidinae forms an unresolved trichotomy with the extant subfamilies Forcipomyiinae and Dasyheleinae, both of which date to the Eocene. The fossil record indicates that wings with macrotrichia in biting midges evolved during the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse climate. We suggest that this was an evolutionary adaptation to new atmospheric conditions with higher levels of CO2 in order for the antennal Johnston's organs of males to receive the vibrational sex signals produced by females during flight. 相似文献
3.
Near-complete collagen (I) sequences are proposed for elephantid and mammutid taxa, based upon available African elephant genomic data and supported with LC-MALDI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of collagen digests from proboscidean bone. Collagen sequence coverage was investigated from several specimens of two extinct mammoths (Mammuthus trogontherii and Mammuthus primigenius), the extinct American mastodon (Mammut americanum), the extinct straight-tusked elephant (Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus) and extant Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants and compared between the two ionization techniques used. Two suspected mammoth fossils from the British Middle Pleistocene (Cromerian) deposits of the West Runton Forest Bed were analysed to investigate the potential use of peptide mass spectrometry for fossil identification. Despite the age of the fossils, sufficient peptides were obtained to identify these as elephantid, and sufficient sequence variation to discriminate elephantid and mammutid collagen (I). In-depth LC-MS analyses further failed to identify a peptide that could be used to reliably distinguish between the three genera of elephantids (Elephas, Loxodonta and Mammuthus), an observation consistent with predicted amino acid substitution rates between these species. 相似文献
4.
Jaco Weinstock Beth Shapiro Alfredo Prieto Juan Carlos Marín Benito A. González M. Thomas P. Gilbert Eske Willerslev 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(15-16):1369-1373
We present the results of a palaeogenetic analysis of two Late Pleistocene camelids originating in southern Chile. Our analysis of two mitochondrial DNA fragments (control region and cytochrome b gene) reveals that these specimens do not belong to an extinct taxon, but rather to extant vicuña (Vicugna vicugna), whose modern distribution is restricted to the extreme elevations of the Andes, more than 3500 km to the north of where these specimens originated. Our results also suggest fossil specimens from Patagonia that are currently assigned to the extinct taxon Lama gracilis, may actually belong to V. vicugna, implying a continuous distribution of the latter from the southern tip of South America to the Andes during the Final Pleistocene. The haplotypes of both specimens are not present in modern populations, suggesting a loss of genetic diversity concomitant with the contraction of the vicuña geographical distribution during the Final Pleistocene or early Holocene. 相似文献
5.
Lebanoculicoides bloudani a new species of Ceratopogonidae from the Lower Cretaceous ambers of Syria and Lebanon is studied. The new species is characterized, described, illustrated, and compared with the other fossil taxa of the same extinct genus. A key to the species of the genus Lebanoculioides is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Terpenoid resin is produced by all families and most genera of the order Coniferales (the conifers), and the distribution of terpenes present in most conifer resins is characteristic of the originating family. Analyses of early Cretaceous (Barremian) amber (fossil resin) from the English Wealden, Isle of Wight, southern England, by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), indicate a terpene distribution dominated by abietane- and labdane-type terpenes. Similar distributions are observed in some species of the extant family Pinaceae. The Pinaceae are well represented within the Wealden deposits of southern England, by only one (known) species, Pityites solmsii (Seward) Seward, whereas the macro-fossil record of these deposits is dominated by the extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae, for which no resin chemistry has been reported. By analogy with modern materials, it is probable that the ambers found in these deposits are derived from an extinct member of the Pinaceae, but given the absence of evidence concerning the chemotaxonomy of the Cheirolepidiaceae, this family cannot be excluded a priori as a possible paleobotanical source. These ambers may therefore be assigned to either the Pinaceae or to the Cheirolepidiaceae. These samples are the oldest ambers to date to yield useful chemotaxonomic data. 相似文献
7.
V. L. De Pietri C. Mourer-Chauviré U. Menkveld-Gfeller C. A. Meyer L. Costeur 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2013,106(2):187-197
The fossil skeletal record of birds from the Cenozoic of Switzerland is rather poor, despite the fact that avian tracks have been described from twenty tracksites. We review the Swiss fossil skeletal avifauna with emphasis put on new material discovered in the collection of the Natural History Museum Basel. This material includes two new owls (Strigiformes), one from a Late Eocene fissure filling from the Gösgen canal, and another from the Late Oligocene of Mümliswil. The Eocene owl specimen consists of a partial, distal tarsometatarsus, and is therefore too incompletely preserved to allow for reliable hypotheses concerning its taxonomic affinities. It does, however, display features resembling members of the extinct family Palaeoglaucidae. The Oligocene specimen is tentatively attributed to the genus Oligostrix, and it is the youngest representative of the extinct family Protostrigidae. Based on the first complete tarsometatarsus for this family, we erect a new species, ?Oligostrix bergeri. These two specimens represent the first record of fossil owls from Switzerland. 相似文献
8.
Adrian Kin 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(2):131-134
The concept of phenotypic plasticity of the temporal species Acanthoscaphites tridens s. str., as recently proposed by myself is elaborated upon, in response to issues raised in a commentary to the original paper. The terms phenomorphic class and dominant phenotype are explained in greater detail, as well as the evaluation of phenotypic plasticity in studies for extinct species. 相似文献
9.
A well-preserved forewing of the damsel–dragonfly Stenophlebia liaoningensis sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in the Huangbanjigou Village, western Liaoning, China. This is the first discovery of the genus Stenophlebia in China, although it was widely distributed in Europe during the Late Jurassic. The discovery adds to the biodiversity of Stenophlebiidae in the Chinese Cretaceous, and provides insight on the evolution of this extinct family. 相似文献
10.
Alloraphidia kyzylzharica sp. nov. is described from the Late Cretaceous (early Turonian) locality at Kyzylzhar, southern Kazakhstan. It is very similar to A. dorfi, but easily distinguished from it by wing shape and venation. We restrict the genus Alloraphidia to these two species. Ascalapharia raphidiformis is considered a member of Baissopteridae, sit. nov. Turonian Neuropterida are mainly characterized by a mixture of specialized genera of extinct families, and genera (sometimes modern) of highly advanced taxa, reflecting a sequence of global mid-Cretaceous crisis of non-marine biocoenoses. 相似文献
11.
A new species of the extinct ant genus Baikuris Dlussky, 1987 (Formicidae: Sphecomyrminae) is described and figured from a male preserved in a piece of ∼100 Myr amber from Charentes, in southwestern France. Baikuris maximus sp. nov., is distinguished from other species notably by its larger size, its forewing with vein 2M+Cu absent and vein 3Cu tubular, and the presence of a subpetiolar process. The diagnosis of the genus is emended, and its distribution during the Cretaceous is briefly discussed. 相似文献
12.
13.
The new caprinoidean rudist bivalve Cobbanicaprina bighornensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from the upper middle Cenomanian of Big Horn County, Montana, USA. Cobbanicaprina gen. nov. is closely related to Mexicaprina and differs from that form in the absence of an external ligamental groove. The presence of Cobbanicaprina gen. nov. in the middle Cenomanian indicates that the Caprinuloideidae did not become extinct at the top of the Albian and persisted into the Cenomanian. The presence of this specimen so far north in the Western Interior Seaway is attributed to a dried-out individual specimen having been transported post-mortem by currents. 相似文献
14.
Palaeolithic people commonly hunted Equus hydruntinus, an extinct species of equid whose cursorial body proportions suggest an adaptation to semi-arid conditions. Despite the frequency with which it is encountered in fossil deposits, only partial cranial remains have been reported until now. As a result, the systematic affiliation of the species remains a subject of controversy. Two nearly complete E. hydruntinus crania are presented here for the first time. These skulls show that E. hydruntinus is a distinct species, more closely related to the hemiones (Asiatic asses) than to any other equid. This suggests that the social organisation of E. hydruntinus followed one of two known equid sociotypes: resource defense territoriality. 相似文献
15.
Two new species of Micropterigidae, Sabatinca cretacea sp. nov. and Sabatinca limula sp. nov. are described from the Upper Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber (99 Ma). Based on exquisitely preserved specimens with clear morphological characters and detailed structure of scales, the diagnosis of Sabatinca perveta is emended. Our new findings support that scales have developed various types and shapes by the Cretaceous. The extinct Sabatinca species represent a separate group that may be a transitional group from Australian lineage to extant Sabatinca. 相似文献
16.
Ommatidae is a small, but ancient, basally nested family of the hyper-diverse beetles (Coleoptera). Here, a remarkable new taxon, Paraodontomma burmitica gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a well-preserved specimen in Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. Based on a wider epipleural rim on each elytron, the new genus belongs to the extinct tribe Brochocoleini. This finding further reinforces the idea that the Burmese paleofauna of ommatid beetles was much more diverse and abundant than previously thought. 相似文献
17.
Reconstructing marine paleoenvironments from the skeletal hardparts of nektic organisms is often hampered by their unknown migrational pathways involving different water masses and their corresponding physico-chemical parameters. Despite significant progress over the last years, the reconstruction of migration patterns of extinct ammonoids is difficult because both, vertical and horizontal ones lead to an intricate combination of reconstructed seawater temperatures. Paleonvironmental data retrieved from exceptionally well-preserved lower Albian (Douvilleiceras mammillatum ammonite zone, uppermost CC8a nannofossil zone, 110.5–111.0 Ma) cephalopod shells from Madagascar (Mahajanga Basin, 40–42° southern latitude) are reconstructed based on a novel multi-proxy approach. Here we combine and contrast: (i) nacre tablet-paleobathymetry, (ii) Westermann Morphospace, and (iii) shell isotope geochemistry analysis. Results obtained allow for a robust reconstruction of habitat depth, paleo-seawater temperatures, and paleoecology of extinct cephalopod taxa. The discocone nautiloid Cymatoceras is regarded as vertical migrant with a maximum habitat depth of 250 m and a mean habitat water temperature of 20–21 °C. All three ammonoid taxa (Cleoniceras, Desmoceras, and Eogaudryceras) share a platycone to planorbicone shell shape suggesting a demersal life habit at maximal water depths of 450–500 m and temperatures of 19–21 °C for Cleoniceras and Desmoceras, and the deepest (525 m) and coolest (14 °C) habitat for Eogaudryceras. Circumstantial evidence from benthic mollusk shells from the same stratigraphic interval as well as sedimentological and paleopathological data provide further support for habitat reconstructions. Reconstructed paleotemperatures shown here provide well-constrained evidence for the thermal structure of past oceanic water masses and have significance for Cretaceous paleoceanography in general. 相似文献
18.
Two new genera and two new species of fossil Throscidae: Potergosoma gratiosa gen. et sp. nov. and Rhomboaspis laticollis gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber and are compared with extant and extinct genera. The described amber inclusions are the oldest known representatives of the family Throscidae. Some hypotheses on the phylogeny of the family Throscidae and the position of it in the superfamily Elateroidea are discussed. 相似文献
19.
A second species of the extinct scydmaenine genus Cretoleptochromus Cai & Huang, C. burmiticus sp. nov., is described and figured based on three exquisitely preserved specimens embedded in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new taxon possesses an extremely elongate body form and strongly extended legs and antennae that provide reliable means for species diagnosis and a ready separation from the only known congener, the type species C. archaicus Cai & Huang, also reported from Burmese amber. The morphology of C. burmiticus also suggests that this species was probably an active diurnal predator living in open environments. 相似文献
20.
The first definitive Burmese amber fossil of the family Gasteruptiidae s.str. (Evanioidea) is described and figured from a male entombed in amber from the Hukawng Valley, Myanmar. The Cenomanian-aged fossil is plesiomorphic in many respects when compared to the modern subfamilies Hyptiogastrinae and Gasteruptiinae. The genus Hypselogastrion Engel, gen. nov. (type species: Hypselogastrion simplex Engel and Wang, sp. nov.), is segregated into the extinct subfamily Hypselogastriinae Engel, subfam. nov., owing the more enriched wing venation, aulcid-like mesoscutal sculpturing, non-clavate metatibia, and absence of U-shaped notauli. The affinities of H. simplex among other living and fossil Aulaciformes are discussed. 相似文献