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1.
《Gondwana Research》2014,26(4):1445-1468
The continental crust of the North China Craton (NCC) is a major reservoir of mineral resources with imprints of secular changes in tectonics and metallogeny. The Jiaodong Peninsula, located in the eastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), is currently one of the largest gold producers over the globe, and preserves the records of multiple magmatic and metamorphic events. Here we characterize the timing and tectonics of the major Mesozoic magmatism and the associated gold metallogeny in this region through a comprehensive U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotope investigation of zircons in a suite of granitoids, mafic magmatic enclaves, melanocratic dikes and melted basement rocks.The Linglong granite, hosting one of the major gold deposits in Jiaodong, shows emplacement ages between 150 and 160 Ma, and the dominantly negative εHf (t) values (− 34.0 to − 23.8) of zircons from this intrusion suggest magma derivation from recycled components in the Archean basement. The Guojialing granodiorite and its mafic magmatic enclaves show similar ages between 123 and 127 Ma, with negative εHf (t) values (− 19.3 to − 16.8), corresponding to crustal magma source. The melanocratic dikes, belonging to pre- and syn-mineralization stages, with U–Pb age range of 126 to 166 Ma display large variation in their zircon εHf (t) values (− 25.7 and 2.3) suggesting the involvement of both recycled crustal and juvenile mantle components. Zircons in the melted basement rocks with ages in the range of ca. 127–132 Ma also display both positive and negative εHf (t) values (− 44.6 and 9.8) indicating a mixture of recycled ancient crust and juvenile magmas. Our study shows that although the peak of gold metallogeny coincided with the tectonics associated with Pacific plate subduction which mobilized and concentrated the ores, the source materials of gold mineralization and magmatism had multiple origins including from the Precambrian basement rocks, Mesozoic granitoids and mantle-derived mafic magmas with extensive mixing of crustal, lithosphere mantle and asthenospheric components. A combination of delamination, mantle upwelling, subduction-related metasomatic enrichment and recycling of ancient components facilitated the gold metallogeny in this region. Our study provides a typical case of juvenile and recycled components in the formation and evolution of continental crust and associated mineral resources. 相似文献
2.
赣杭构造带灵山花岗岩体黑云母的矿物化学特征及其对岩石成因的指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灵山花岗岩体在平面上为一环状分布的侵入体,中心为角闪石黑云母花岗岩,外围为黑云母花岗岩。在角闪石黑云母花岗岩中分布有大量的暗色镁铁质微粒包体。黑云母是大多数中酸性火成岩中比较重要的一种镁铁质矿物,它能很好地反映寄主岩浆的属性和成岩时的物理、化学条件,因此,本文对这两种花岗岩及镁铁质微粒包体中的黑云母开展了系统的岩相学观察和电子探针化学组成研究,探讨灵山岩体的物质来源、成岩条件和岩浆的混合作用过程。研究结果表明两种花岗岩体的黑云母具有不同化学成分,而暗色镁铁质微粒包体中黑云母的化学成分则变化较大。三种黑云母均在低氧逸度条件下晶出。两种花岗岩中的黑云母均富Fe贫Mg,属于铁质黑云母,含铁系数[(Fe~(3+)+Fe~(2+))/(Fe~(3+)+Fe~(2+)+Mg~(2+))]分别为0.65~0.70,0.72~0.78,FeOT/MgO均接近7.04。MF值[2×Mg/(Fe~(2+)+Mg+Mn)]分别为0.64~0.76和0.48~0.60,指示两种花岗岩的物质来源都是以壳源为主。镁铁质微粒包体中黑云母的MF值变化范围比较大,为0.63~1.06,为铁质黑云母到镁质黑云母,暗示包体岩浆经历过不同程度的岩浆混合作用。镁铁质微粒包体中部分黑云母与角闪石黑云母花岗岩中黑云母的结晶条件相似,而部分则有明显差异,推测是由于基性的镁铁质包体岩浆注入到酸性的花岗岩浆是一个连续多阶段的过程。 相似文献
3.
The Miao'ershan uranium ore district is one of the most important granite-hosted uranium producers in South China. There are several Triassic granite plutons in the Miao'ershan batholith, but uranium ore deposits mainly occur within the Douzhashan granitic body. Precise zircon U–Pb dating indicated that these Triassic granite plutons were emplaced during 204 to 215 Ma. The Douzhashan U-bearing granite lies in the central part of the Miao'ershan batholith, and has higher U contents (8.0 to 26.1 ppm, average 17.0 ppm) than the nearby Xiangcaoping granite (5.0 to 9.3 ppm, average 7.0 ppm) and the Yangqiaoling granite (6.4 to 18.3 ppm, average 11.5 ppm) in the south part of the batholith. The Douzhashan granite is composed of medium-grained two-mica granite, whereas the Xiangcaoping and Yangqiaoling granites are composed of porphyritic biotite granite. Both the Xiangcaoping and Douzhashan granites have high A/CNK ratios (> 1.10), high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (> 0.720) and low εNd(t) values (− 11.3 to − 10.4), suggesting that they belong to strongly peraluminous S-type granites. The Douzhashan granite has low CaO/Na2O ratios, high Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios, indicating a partial melting origin of clay-rich pelitic rocks. In contrast, the Xiangcaoping granite formed from clay-poor psammite-derived melt. The Yangqiaoling granite shows different geochemical characteristics with the Douzhashan and Xiangcaoping granites, indicating a different magma source. The Yangqiaoling granite has higher εNd(t) of − 9.4 to − 8.3 and variable A/CNK values from 0.98 to 1.19, suggesting a mixture source of meta-sedimentary rocks and meta-igneous rocks. Crystallization fractionation is not the main mechanism for U enrichment in the Douzhashan granite. We suggest that U-rich pelitic rock sources may be the key factor to generate peraluminous U-bearing granites in South China. Searching for those granites which are reduced, strongly peraluminous and were derived from U-rich pelitic rocks, is the most effective way for exploring granite-hosted U deposits. 相似文献
4.
The recently-discovered Wenquan porphyry Mo deposit hosted in the Wenquan granite of the West Qinling Orogen has been recognized as a product of the Indosinian metallogenesis. Three generations of mineral assemblage for the deposit are identified as follows: (1) quartz–biotite–K-feldspar; (2) quartz–sulfide and (3) sulfide–calcite. Geochemical study shows that the mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) in the ore-bearing Wenquan granite have lower SiO2, and higher Mg# and Nb/Ta ratios than the host granite itself. Different from the granite which have zircon εHf(t) values of − 3.6–3.0 and TDM2 of 1234–890 Ma, the MMEs are characterized by the εHf(t) values of − 10.1–10.8 and TDM1 of 865–441 Ma. This can be interpreted to indicate a mixture origin of the Meso- and Neoproterozoic crust-derived component and Neoproterozoic SCLM-derived materials for the formation of the Wenquan granite, which played an essential role in the Mo mineralization. Comparative Pb isotopic data between ores and K-feldspar suggest that the Wenquan granitic magma originated from the middle-lower crust of the South China Block and the ore-forming materials were incorporated by hydrothermal fluid differentiated from the Triassic magmatic system, with minor contribution of sedimentary rocks. The δ34S values of 5.0–11.7‰ with a pronounced mode at 5.0 to 6.1‰ for the ores probably represent the sulfur incorporation of a typical magmatic hydrothermal fluid contaminated by heavy sulfur of Devonian sediments. The granite yielded the zircon U–Pb ages of 218 ± 2.4 Ma and 221 ± 1.3 Ma, as the same as the ages of 217 ± 2.0 Ma and 218 ± 2.5 Ma obtained for the MMEs. These ages are indistinguishable with the molybdenite Re–Os isochron age of 219 ± 5.2 Ma which is the timing for the Mo mineralization. Tectonically, the magmatic mixture processes of the Wenquan granite and the Mo mineralization to form the Wenquan Mo deposit contemporaneously occurred during the transition of tectonic regime from syn- to post-collision orogeny in the Qinling Orogen in the Late Triassic. 相似文献
5.
Southern Hunan Province, South China, is located in the central part of the Qin–Hang metallogenic belt and is characterized by abundant Cu–Pb–Zn and W–Sn polymetallic ore deposits. The Cu–Pb–Zn deposits are associated with Jurassic granodiorite porphyries whereas the W–Sn deposits occur within Jurassic granite porphyries. Here we present geochronologic and geochemical data for the Tongshanling Cu–(Mo)–Pb–Zn deposit and the Weijia W deposit in the district of Tongshanling, southern Hunan. Zircon U–Pb dating and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology indicate that the emplacement of the Tongshanling granodiorite porphyry and the associated Cu mineralization occurred at 162–160 Ma, slightly earlier than the formation of the Xianglinpu granite porphyry and associated W mineralization at 159–158 Ma. The Tongshanling granodiorite is high-K calc-alkaline, weakly peraluminous, and weakly fractionated with zircon εHf(t) values of − 15.1 to − 5.6. In contrast, the Xianglinpu granite is alkaline, peraluminous, and highly fractionated, with εHf(t) values of − 9.5 to 0.9. Our data indicate that the Tongshanling granodiorite is relatively oxidized and was formed by the partial melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal material with inputs of mafic magma which was derived from a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. In contrast, the Xianglinpu granite porphyry is relatively reduced and was formed by direct interaction between the crust and asthenospheric mantle. The difference in magma generation and tectonics is considered to have resulted in the different types of mineralization associated with these two intrusive bodies. 相似文献
6.
The Zhuguangshan complex carries some of the most important granite-hosted uranium deposits in South China. Here we investigate the Changjiang and Jiufeng granites which represent typical U-bearing and barren granites in the complex, using zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopic and zircon Hf isotopic data, and mineral chemistry, to constrain the petrogenesis and uranium mineralization. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that both the Changjiang and Jiufeng granites were emplaced ca. 160 Ma. These rocks show high silica, weakly to strongly peraluminous compositions, enrichment in Rb, Th, and U, and depletion in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti. These features coupled with the high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, negative εNd(t) values and εHf(t) values, and the Paleoproterozoic two stage model ages of these two granites suggest that the two granites belong to S-type granites, and the parental magmas of the two granites were derived from the Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks. However, the granitoids show different mineralogical characteristics. The biotite in the Changjiang granite belongs to siderophyllite, marking higher degree of chloritization, whereas the biotite in the Jiufeng granite is ferribiotite, characterized by only slight chloritization. Compared with the Jiufeng granite, the biotite in the Changjiang granite has lower crystallization temperature and oxygen fugacity, but higher F content, and the uraninite has higher UO2 content but lower ThO2 content, and stronger corrosion. The chemical ages of uraninites from both granites are (within error) consistent with the zircon U-Pb ages and are considered to represent the emplacement ages of granites. Chemical ages of pitchblende in the Changjiang granite yield 118 ± 8 Ma, 87 ± 4 Ma, and 68 ± 6 Ma, representing multiple episodes of hydrothermal events that are responsible for the precipitation of U ores in the Changjiang uranium ore field. Our study suggests that the degree of magma differentiation and physicochemical conditions of the magmatic-hydrothermal system are the key factors that control the different U contents of these two granites. The mineralogical characteristics of uraninite and biotite can be used to distinguish between U-bearing and barren granites, and serve as a potential tool for prospecting granite-hosted uranium deposits. 相似文献
7.
We present new data on the highly fractionated Late Triassic I-type Liyuantang granite, which is located in the middle segment of the South Qinling Subzone of central China and is associated with molybdenum mineralization. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the granite was emplaced at 210.1 ± 1.9 Ma, with a single zircon containing an inherited core that yielded an age of 449.8 ± 7.1 Ma. Magmatic zircons from the granite have εHf(t) values of − 4.0 to + 1.5, whereas the inherited zircon core has a εHf(t) value of − 5.3. Calculated Hf model ages of crust formation are indicative of substantial contributions from melting of Proterozoic crust that ranges in age from 1501 to 1155 Ma. The granite contains high concentrations of Si, Al, Na, and K, is enriched in Rb, Th, and U, has elevated Rb/Sr and Ga/Al ratios, and is depleted in Ti, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, and P, with significantly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.33–0.50), similar to other highly fractionated I-type granites. These data indicate that the magmas that formed the Liyuantang pluton were produced during partial melting of Proterozoic garnet-absent quartz amphibolites. The magmas then fractionated apatite, feldspar, Ti-bearing phases, biotite, and hornblende prior to emplacement.Re–Os isotope analysis of molybdenite from the study area yields a mineralization age of 200.9 ± 6.2 Ma, suggesting that the Liyuantang molybdenum deposit formed during a previously unrecognized mineralization event. The present results, together with previous data, demonstrate that highly fractionated I-type granites associated with the second pulse of magmatism in the South Qinling subzone should be considered highly prospective for mineral exploration, focusing on Triassic–Early Jurassic granitoids. 相似文献
8.
The Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) along the central part of the North China Craton (NCC) is considered as a Paleoproterozoic suture along which the Eastern and Western Blocks of the NCC were amalgamated. Here we investigate the Precambrian crustal evolution history in the Fuping segment of the TNCO and the subsequent reactivation associated with extensive craton destruction during Mesozoic. We present zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb and Lu–Hf data on TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) gneiss, felsic orthogneiss, amphibolite and granite from the Paleoproterozoic suite which show magmatic ages in the range of 2450–1900 Ma suggesting a long-lived convergent margin. The εHf(t) values of these zircons range from −11.9 to 12 and their model ages suggest magma derivation from both juvenile components and reworked Archean crust. The Mesozoic magmatic units in the Fuping area includes granite, diorite and mafic microgranular enclaves, the zircons from which define a tight range of 120–130 Ma ages suggesting a prominent Early Cretaceous magmatic event. However, the εHf(t) values of these zircons show wide a range from −30.3 to 0.2, indicating that the magmatic activity involved extensive rejuvenation of the older continental crust. 相似文献
9.
The recently discovered Longtougang skarn and hydrothermal vein Cu–Zn deposit is located in the North Wuyi area, southeastern China. The intrusions in the ore district comprise several small porphyritic biotite monzonite, porphyritic monzonite, and porphyritic granite plutons and dikes. The mineralization is zoned from a lower zone of Cu-rich veins and Cu–Zn skarns to an upper zone of banded Zn–Pb mineralization in massive epidote altered rocks. The deposit is associated with skarn, potassic, epidote, greisen, siliceous, and carbonate alteration. Molybdenite from the Cu-rich veins yielded a Re–Os isochron age of 153.6 ± 3.9 Ma, which is consistent with U–Pb zircon ages of 154.0 ± 1.3 Ma for porphyritic monzonite, 154.0 ± 0.8 Ma for porphyritic biotite monzonite, and 152.0 ± 0.8 Ma for porphyritic granite. Geological observations suggest that the Cu mineralization is genetically related to the porphyritic biotite monzonite and porphyritic monzonite. All the zircons from intrusive rocks in the ore district are characterized by εHf(t) values between − 13.41 and − 4.38 and Hf model ages (TDM2) between 2054 and 1482 Ma, reflecting magmas derived mainly from a Proterozoic crustal source. Molybdenite grains from the deposit have Re values of 14.6–27.7 ppm, indicative of a mixed mantle–crust source. The porphyry–skarn abundant Cu and hydrothermal vein type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits in the North Wuyi area are related to the Late Jurassic porphyritic granites and Early Cretaceous volcanism, respectively. The Late Jurassic mineralization-related granites were derived from the crustal anatexis with some mantle input, which was triggered by asthenospheric upwelling induced by slab tearing during oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the South China block, and the Early Cretaceous mineralization-related granitoids mainly from crust material formed within a series of NNE-trending basins during margin-parallel movement of the plate. 相似文献
10.
This work presents an integrated study of zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope along with whole-rock geochemistry on Silurian Fengdingshan I-type granites and Taoyuan mafic–felsic intrusive Complex located at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block, filling in a gap in understanding of Paleozoic I-type granites and mafic-intermediate igneous rocks in the eastern South China Craton (SCC). The Fengdingshan granite and Taoyuan hornblende gabbro are dated at 436 ± 5 Ma and 409 ± 2 Ma, respectively. The Fengdingshan granites display characteristics of calc-alkaline I-type granite with high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7093–0.7127, low εNd(t) values ranging from −5.6 to −5.4 and corresponding Nd model ages (T2DM) of 1.6 Ga. Their zircon grains have εHf(t) values ranging from −2.7 to 2.6 and model ages of 951–1164 Ma. The Taoyuan mafic rocks exhibit typical arc-like geochemistry, with enrichment in Rb, Th, U and Pb and depletion in Nb, Ta. They have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7053–0.7058, εNd(t) values of 0.2–1.6 and corresponding T2DM of 1.0–1.1 Ga. Their zircon grains have εHf(t) values ranging from 3.2 to 6.1 and model ages of 774–911 Ma. Diorite and granodiorite from the Taoyuan Complex have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7065–0.7117, εNd(t) values from −5.7 to −1.9 and Nd model ages of 1.3–1.6 Ga. The petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicate that the Fengdingshan granites probably formed by reworking of Neoproterozoic basalts with very little of juvenile mantle-derived magma. The Taoyuan Complex formed by magma mixing and mingling, in which the mafic member originated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Both the Fengdingshan and Taoyuan Plutons formed in a post-orogenic collapse stage in an intracontinental tectonic regime. Besides the Paleozoic Fengdingshan granites and Taoyuan hornblende gabbro, other Neoproterozoic and Indosinian igneous rocks located along the southeastern and western margin of the Yangtze Block also exhibit decoupled Nd–Hf isotopic systemics, which may be a fingerprint of a previous late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic oceanic subduction. 相似文献
11.
Jiang-Feng Qin Shao-Cong Lai Rodney Grapes Chun-rong Diwu Yin-Juan Ju Yong-Fei Li 《Lithos》2010,120(3-4):347-367
The origin of high-Mg adakitic granitoids in collisional orogens can provide important information about the nature of the lower crust and upper mantle during the orogenic process. Late-Triassic high-Mg adakitic granite and its mafic enclaves from the Dongjiangkou area, the Qinling orogenic belt, central China, were derived by partial melting of subducted continental crust and underwent interaction with the overlying mantle wedge peridotite. Adakitic affinity of the different facies of the Dongjiangkou granite body are: high Sr, Ba, high La/Yb and Sr/Y, low Y,Yb, Yb/Lu and Dy/Yb, and no significant Eu anomalies, suggesting amphibole + garnet and plagioclase-free restite in their source region. Evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions [(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7050 to 0.7055,εNd(t) = –6.6 to –3.3; (206Pb/204Pb)i = 17.599 to 17.799, (207Pb/204Pb)i = 15.507 to 15.526, (208Pb/204Pb)i = 37.775 to 37.795] and high K2O, Rb, together with a large variation in zircon Hf isotopic composition (εHf(t) = ?9.8 to + 5.0), suggest that the granite was derived from reworking of the ancient lower continental crust. CaO, P2O5, K2O/Na2O, Cr, Ni, Nb/Ta, Rb/Sr and Y increase, and SiO2, Sr/Y and Eu/Eu* decrease with increasing MgO, consistent with interaction of primitive adakitic melt and overlying mantle peridotite. Zircons separated from the host granites have U-Pb concordia ages of 214 ± 2 Ma to 222 ± 2 Ma, compatible with exhumation ages of Triassic UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie orogenic belt. Mafic microgranular enclaves and mafic dykes associated with the granite have identical zircon U-Pb ages of 220 Ma, and are characterized by lower SiO2, high TiO2, Mg# and similar evolved Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition. Zircons from mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) and mafic dykes also show a large variation in Hf isotopic composition with εHf(t) between ?11.3 and + 11.3. It is inferred that they were formed by partial melting of enriched mantle lithosphere and contaminated by the host adakitic granite magma.In combination with the regional geology, high-Mg# adakitic granitoid rocks in the Dongjiangkou area are considered to have resulted from interaction between subducted Yangtze continental crust and the overlying mantle wedge. Triassic continental collision caused detachment of the Yangtze continental lithosphere subducted beneath the North China Craton, at ca. 220 Ma causing asthenosphere upwelling and exhumation of the continental crust. Triassic clockwise rotation of the Yangtze Craton caused extension in the Dabie area which led to rapid exhumation of the subducted continental lithosphere, while compression in the Qinling area and high-P partial melting (amphibole ± garnet stability field) of the subducted continental crust produced adakitic granitic magma that reacted with peridotite to form Mg-rich hybrid magma. 相似文献
12.
The Taoxihu deposit (eastern Guangdong, SE China) is a newly discovered Sn polymetallic deposit. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded 141.8 ± 1.0 Ma for the Sn-bearing granite porphyry and 145.5 ± 1.6 Ma for the biotite granite batholith it intruded. The age of the granite porphyry is consistent (within error) with the molybdenite Re–Os isochron age (139.0 ± 1.1 Ma) of the Sn mineralization, indicating a temporal link between the two. Geochemical data show that the granite porphyry is weakly peraluminous, contain high Si, Na and K, low Fe, Mg, Ca and P, and relatively high Rb/Sr and low K/Rb values. The rocks are enriched in Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb and depleted in Ba, Sr, Ti and Eu, resembling highly fractionated I-type granites. They contain bulk rock initial 87Sr/87Sr of 0.707371–0.707730 and εNd(t) of −5.17 to −4.67, and zircon εHf(t) values from −6.67 to −2.32, with late Mesoproterozoic TDM2 ages for both Nd and Hf isotopes. This suggests that the granite porphyry was likely formed by the partial melting of the crustal basement of Mesoproterozoic overall residence age with minor mantle input.δ34SCDT values of the Taoxihu chalcopyrite and pyrite range from 0.1 to 2.1‰ (average: 0.9‰), implying a dominantly magmatic sulfur source. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of the Taoxihu sulfide ores are 18.497–18.669, 15.642–15.673 and 38.764–38.934, respectively, indicating a mainly upper continental crustal lead source with minor mantle contribution. The highly fractionated and reduced (low calculated zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ and EuN/EuN1 values) nature of the ore-forming granitic magma may have facilitated the Sn enrichment and played a key role in the Sn mineralization. We propose that the ore-forming fluids at Taoxihu were of magmatic-hydrothermal origin derived from the granite porphyry, and that both the granite porphyry and the Sn mineralization were likely formed in an extensional setting, possibly related to the subduction slab rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. 相似文献
13.
The Baoshan Cu-polymetallic deposit is a recently discovered skarn deposit in the northern Lesser Xing’an Range, NE China. The orebodies are mainly hosted in the contact zone between granitic intrusions and Lower Cambrian dolomitic crystalline limestones or skarns. We present here zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os age data, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic data to constrain the geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that a hornblende–quartz monzonite and porphyritic biotite granite were emplaced at 252.45 ± 0.70 Ma and 251.10 ± 0.98 Ma, respectively. Molybdenite separated from ore-bearing quartz veins or skarn-type ores yields a weighted mean model age of 250.3 ± 3.4 Ma, which coincide with the emplacement of the igneous rocks. These data suggest that the Late Permian-Early Triassic magmatic and mineralization event led to the formation of the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit. Granitic intrusions are closely associated with this mineralization and have high contents of SiO2 (60.90–68.98 wt.%), Al2O3 (15.15–16.98 wt.%) and K2O (2.77–4.17 wt.%), with A/CNK ratios of 0.86–0.96. These granites are classified as metaluminous and high-K calc-alkaline I-type granites, and are enriched in Rb, Th, U, and K, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. Moreover, Moreover, the hornblende–quartz monzonite and porphyritic biotite granite have geochemical characteristics similar to adakites and island arc calc-alkaline rocks, respectively. In situ zircon Hf isotope data on the hornblende–quartz monzonite samples show εHf(t) values from +0.1 to +3.1, and porphyritic biotite granite samples exhibit heterogeneous εHf(t) values from −5.4 to +1.1. The geochemical and isotopic data for the Baoshan intrusions indicate that the Late Permian–Early Triassic continental–continental collision caused over thickening and delamination of the lower crust. Partial melting of delaminated lower crust formed the primary adakitic magmas, which may have reacted with surrounding mantle peridotite during ascent. Hornblende–quartz monzonite was formed by the emplacement of the adakitic magmas, whereas the formation of the porphyritic biotite granite was caused by the mixing of adakitic magmas with ancient crustal materials during ascent. Moreover, ore-forming materials were typically derived from the adakitic magmas with high oxygen fugacity, which incorporated significant amounts of ore-forming elements. Based on the regional geological history and the new geochemical and isotopic data from intrusions, we suggest that diagenesis and mineralization of the Baoshan Cu–polymetallic deposit took place in a transitional tectonic setting from collisional orogeny to extension, after collision of the North China Plate and Songnen Block, during the latter stages of the Xingmeng orogeny. 相似文献
14.
The Yidun Arc was formed in response to the westward subduction of Garze–Litang Ocean (a branch of Paleotethys) in the Late Triassic, where abundant porphyry Cu–Mo deposits (221–213 Ma) developed along the regional NW–SE sinistral faults and emplaced in the southern portion of the arc. The ore-related porphyries are mostly metaluminous or slightly peraluminous, belonging to shoshonitic high-potassium calc-alkaline I-type granites, with εHf(t) values of −6.64 to +4.12. The ore-bearing magmas were probably derived from the partial melting of subduction-metasomatic-enriched mantle, with the contamination of underplated mafic materials. The Late Cretaceous (88–80 Ma) highly fractionated I-type granite belt and related porphyry Cu–Mo deposits and magmatic-hydrothermal Cu–Mo–W deposits occur along approximately N–S-trending faults in the Yidun Arc. This belt extended across the Yidun Arc and Garze–Litang suture zone to the north and across the Yangtze Craton to the south, intruding the Late Triassic porphyry belt. The ore-related porphyries are characterized by high silica and high total alkalis, with enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; Rb, U and K) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE; Nb, Ta, P and Ti) and Ba. They have lower εHf(t) values varying from −9.55 to −2.75, and significant negative Eu anomalies, indicating that the ore-bearing porphyritic magmas originated from ancient middle-upper crust. Two-stage magmatism and mineralization were superimposed in the Xiangcheng-Shangri-La district. Some ore deposits comprise two episodes of magmatism and associated mineralization such as both 207 ± 3.0 Ma granodiorite and 82.1 ± 1.2 Ma monzogranite intruded in the Xiuwacu deposit, causing Cu–Mo–W polymetallic mineralization. To date, 11 Late Triassic porphyry Cu deposits (e.g. the Pulang giant deposit with 5.1 Mt Cu), and five Late Cretaceous porphyry Cu–Mo (W) deposits (e.g. Tongchanggou Mo deposit with 0.59 Mt Mo) have been evaluated in the Xiangcheng-Shangri-La district. The continuity and inheritance of multiphase magmatism and the new understanding of superimposed mineralization will help to guide future exploration. 相似文献
15.
Gaoxue Yang Yongjun Li Hongen Wu Xing Zhong Baokai Yang Cunxing Yan Jing Yan Guohui Si 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(3):722-736
The Huangyangshan pluton occurs in the Kalamaili region which is situated in the central part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, East Junggar, Xinjiang (NW China). The granitoid rocks are composed of medium-grained biotite (richterite, arfvedsonite) alkali-feldspar granite, fine grained arfvedsonite alkali-feldspar granite and microgranular enclaves. The granites have a pronounced A-type affinity: they are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous and calc-alkaline to alkaline in composition with high concentrations of Na2O + K2O varying from 8.4 to 9.2 wt.%, high FeOt/MgO and 10,000 Ga/Al ratios, low abundances of CaO, MgO and TiO2, enrichment in some LILEs (such as Rb and Th) and HFSEs (such as Zr, Y and REEs except Eu), depletion in Sr and Ba. Moreover, they display characteristic tetrad REE patterns and non-CHARAC trace element behavior, which is well demonstrated in highly differentiated rocks with strong hydrothermal interaction. The U–Pb zircon LA-ICP-MS ages of the host rocks and enclaves are 311 ± 5 Ma and 300 ± 6 Ma, respectively. The similar of these two ages suggests that host rocks and enclaves formed at a same time. Furthermore, the time span closely corresponds to known ages of post-collisional A-type granitoids of the Junggar terrane. Geochemical, geochronological and isotopic data (εNd(T) in the range +5.2 to +6.6 and ISr mostly in the range 0.7031–0.7041) suggest that the Huangyangshan intrusions, and the enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and mantle-derived magmas in the Late Carboniferous post-collisional tectonic setting (A2 type granite). The magma for the Huangyangshan granites was derived by partial melting of an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) that was modified by slab-derived components from an earlier subduction event, this melting resulted from heat supplied from the asthenosphere through an opening created during the break-off of an oceanic slab. This further proves the important contribution of the Late Paleozoic granitic magmatism in terms of vertical crustal growth in northern Xinjiang. 相似文献
16.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(3-4):1067-1079
The Mt Painter Province of northern South Australia is a site of exceptional suite of Mesoproterozoic high heat producing (HHP) granites and felsic volcanics. These rocks have very high heat production values of > 5 μW m− 3. The HHP granites, including the Mt Neill, Box Bore, Terrapinna, Wattleowie and Yerila granites, form part of a broadly coeval association of mafic and felsic volcanic rocks that also include the Pepegoona Volcanics, lamprophyres and mafic–intermediate dykes. U–Pb LA-ICPMS zircon dating and Hf-in-zircon isotopic data are used to constrain both the timing and source of these magmatic rocks. U–Pb zircon LA-ICPMS crystallization ages range from ~ 1596 to 1521 Ma and imply a protracted sequence of magmatic events. Initial Hf isotopic compositions of these zircons from both dykes and felsic rocks have overlapping compositional ranges, with εHf values mainly from + 4 to − 2. These Hf values are significantly higher than contemporary crustal values which are likely to have been in the range − 4 to − 20. These data imply that the magmatic suite has both mantle and crustal sources. 相似文献
17.
The North Qiangtang continental block in central Tibet is a critical piece of the Pangea puzzle. This paper uses integrated geochronological and geochemical data for selected mafic dykes and dioritic enclaves in this block to evaluate its tectonic evolution in the Triassic. Zircons from two mafic dykes and the dioritic enclaves of a large arc granodiorite pluton in eastern North Qiangtang yield indistinguishable U-Pb ages from 248 ± 2 to 251 ± 3 Ma, contemporaneous with widespread arc basaltic andesites and crust-derived rhyolites in the region. The mafic dykes and coeval arc basaltic andesites have almost identical Sr-Nd isotopes (initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.707 to 0.708, εNd = −4.4 to −3.6), and are all characterized by light REE enrichments and pronounced negative Nb-Ta anomalies. The dioritic enclaves and the hosts have indistinguishable zircon U-Pb ages, almost identical Sr-Nd isotopes (initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.709 to 0.711, εNd = −7.4 to −5.9), and similar zircon εHf (−13.7 to −5.7), but contrasting chondrite-normalized REE patterns due to hornblende fractionation. The Sr-Nd isotope data indicate that the dioritic enclaves formed from the hybrid melts produced by mixing at depth between the arc basaltic andesites and the crust-derived rhyolites. We propose that the Early Triassic arc igneous suites are related to the northward subduction of the southern Paleo-Tethys beneath the North Qiangtang block from Early to Middle Triassic. The occurrence of several Late Triassic porphyry Cu deposits plus a VMS Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in the Yidun arc, which is the product of the southward subduction of the northern Paleo-Tethys beneath the North Qiangtang block in the Late Triassic, indicates that the arc magmas generated during the subduction of the Paleo-Tethys are fertile in ore metals. Therefore, exploration for Early–Middle Triassic porphyry Cu and VMS deposits in the southern part of the North Qiangtang block is warranted. 相似文献
18.
The late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic granites exposed in northwestern Lao PDR provide important constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Paleotethyan Ocean and regional correlation with the giant granitic belt in Southeast Asia. New geochronological data show that the granites have Late Triassic zircon U–Pb ages of 231–220 Ma. They are dominated by monzogranite and biotite granite with an I-type geochemical affinity. These granites are enriched in LREEs and LILEs and depleted in HFSEs. The geochemical variations for these granites indicate the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite, apatite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Their initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7021 to 0.7105 and εNd (t) values from −1.6 to −7.3. Zircon in-situ εHf (t) values are in range of −6.0–+5.3 (peaks at −2.8 and +2.5, respectively), Hf model ages of 0.67–1.64 Ga (peaks at 0.83 Ga and 1.45 Ga, respectively), and δ18O values of 6.6‰–8.0‰, similar to the Late Triassic granitoids from the Eastern Province in Southeast Asia. These granites originated from a mixed source of ancient metamorphic rocks with juvenile mafic crust. The Late Triassic granites in northwestern Lao PDR formed in a post-collisional setting in response to the thickened crustal collapse during the assembly of the Sibumasu with Indochina blocks. These granites can southerly link with the Eastern granite province of the Eastern Paleotethyan Domain in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
19.
The Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt, a part of Neoproterozoic Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS), embraces a multiplicity of rare metal bearing granitoids. Gabal El-Ineigi represents one of these granitic plutons and is a good example of the fluorite-bearing rare metal granites in the ANS. It is a composite pluton consisting of a porphyritic syenogranite (SG; normal granite) and coarse- to medium-grained highly evolved alkali-feldspar granite (AFG; fluorite and rare metal bearing granite) intruded into older granodiorite and metagabbro-diorite rocks. The rock-forming minerals are quartz, K-feldspar (Or94-99), plagioclase (An0-6) and biotite (protolithonite-siderophyllite) in both granitic types, with subordinate muscovite (Li-phengite) and fluorite in the AFG. Columbite-(Fe), fergusonite-(Y), rutile, zircon and thorite are the main accessory phases in the AFG while allanite-(Ce) and epidote are exclusively encountered in the SG. Texture and chemistry of minerals, especially fluorite, columbite and fergusonite, support their magmatic origin. Both granitic types are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.95–1.01) and belong to the post-collisional A2-type granites, indicating melting of underplated mafic lower crust. The late phase AFG has distinctive geochemical features typical of rare metal bearing granites; it is highly fractionated calc-alkaline characterized by high Rb, Nb, Y, U and many other HFSE and HREE contents, and by extremely low Sr and Ba. Moreover, the REE patterns show pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu1 = 0.03 and 0.06) and tetrad effect (TE1,3 = 1.13 and 1.27), implying extensive open system fractionation via fluid–rock interactions that characterize the late magmatic stage differentiation. The SG is remarkably enriched in Sr, Ba and invariably shows a relative enrichment in light rare-earth elements (LREEs). The SG rocks (569 ± 15 Ma) are characterized by relatively low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7034–0.7035) that suggest their derivation from the mantle, with little contamination from the older continental crust. By contrast, the AFG has very high 87Rb/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios that reflect the disturbance of the Rb-Sr isotopic system and may give an indication for the high temperature magma-fluid interaction. The positive εNd(t) values of AFG (+7.40) and SG (+5.17), corresponding to young Nd-TDM2 ages ranging from 707 to 893 Ma, clearly reflect the juvenile crustal nature of Gabal El-Ineigi granitoids and preclude the occurrence of pre-Neoproterozoic continental crust in the ANS. The field relationships, chemical, petrological and isotopic characteristics of El-Ineigi SG and AFG prove that they are genetically not associated to each other and indicate a complex origin involving two compositionally distinct parental magmas that were both modified during magmatic fractionation processes. We argue that the SG was formed by partial melting of a mid-crustal source with subsequent fractional crystallization. In contrast, the AFG was generated by partial melting and fractionation of Nb- and Ta-rich amphibole (or biotite) of the lower crust. The appreciable amounts of fluorine in the magma appears to be responsible for the formation of rare metal element complexes (e.g., Nb, Ta, Sn and REEs), and could account for the rare metal mineralization in the El-Ineigi AFG. 相似文献
20.
Many igneous rocks distribute in Gejiu tin polymetallic ore-field at Yunnan province, rocks including basalt, gabbro, mafic microgranular enclaves, granites (porphyritic granite and equigranular granite) and akaline rocks. The ages of the granites and akaline rocks which are considered to have genetic connecting with the mineralization have been comfirmed, but the gabbro-mafic microgranular enclaves-granite assemblage’s ages are still unknown. By means of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, the data of Shenxianshui equigranular granite, the mafic microgranular enclave in Jiasha area, the host rock of the mafic microgranular enclaves and the Jiasha gabbro are around ~80 Ma. Besides the above mentioned data, a group of new ages at ~30 Ma were discovered in this study, which is from gabbro and mafic microgranular enclaves. Based on the previous data and the new data gained this time, we suggest the major geochronology framework of the magmatism and mineralization events in Gejiu area is ~80 Ma, which is consistent with the Late Cretaceous magmatism and mineralization events in the whole southeast Yunnan and west Guangxi area and they were suggested to belong to the same geotectonic setting in late Yenshannian. And the new ages of the ~30 Ma obtained in this study is considered to represent a responding to the complicate tectonic evolution history of the Tibetan orogenic events in Cenozoic. 相似文献