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1.
A. A. Ruzmaikin D. D. Sokoloff V. I. Turchaninoff Ya B. Zelidovich 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,66(2):369-384
The simplest dynamo in a thin disk is analysed. It the antisymmetric helicity function (z) (wherez is a coordinate perpendicular to the disk plane) is smooth and limited, then the conditions for generating a magnetic field and the symmetry of the resulting solutions depend only on the form of at the segment (0,h) — whereh is the half-thickness of the disk — and the value of the dimensionless dynamo numberD. When (z) does not change its sign at this segment andD>D
c
(the critical dynamo number), the excitation of non-oscillating even (quadrupole) and oscillating odd (dipole) fields are possible. When (z) changes its sign at the segment indicated, non-oscillating odd magnetic fields can also be excited.The old exact solutions of the disk dynamo are studied and new ones are found. The results can be of importance when applied to the problem of the generation of a magnetic field in galactic and turbulent disks appearing around some X-ray sources. 相似文献
2.
R. V. Isakov A. A. Ruzmaikin D. D. Sokoloff M. V. Faminskaya 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1981,80(1):145-155
The asymptotic properties of a turbulent disk dynamo at large dimensionless numbersR
andR
characterizing the helicity and the differential rotation are analysed. Three types of generations in the dependence of the relations betweenR
andR
are found: 2-dynamo and two types of -dynamo. For each of these types the rates of growth are obtained and the forms of solution are pointed out. Boundaries of the disk dynamo approximation are given. 相似文献
3.
The distributions of the positive polarization degree maximum P
max and, for the first time, of its phase angle max were mapped (for wavelengths eff = 461 nm and 669 nm) on the basis of polarimetric CCD observations of the eastern hemisphere of the Moon. The distributions of the spectropolarimetric index for the positive polarization degree maximum CP
max=P
max(669 nm)/P
max(461 nm) and of the color of the maximum polarization angle Cmax=max (669 nm)/ max (461 nm) were mapped as well. It has been found that (i) the dependences of max on the logarithm of albedo and on the logarithm of P
maxare linearly correlated to a large degree; (ii) the parameters max and P
maxdepend on wavelength only due to albedo variations; (iii) there are two branches in the spectropolarimetric index CPmax-albedo correlation diagram: mare regions show anti-correlation, and highlands, correlation. The maps obtained in this study can be useful both for developing remote sensing methods for the Moon and other atmosphereless bodies and for testing models of positive polarization of the light reflected by regolith-like surfaces.Translated from Astronomicheskii Vestnik, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005, pp. 51–60.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Korokhin, Velikodsky. 相似文献
4.
V. F. Litvin F. M. Holzmann B. S. Taibin A. V. Smirnov E. T. Grebenkina V. N. Baryshnikov V. V. Orlov J. P. Anosova G. D. Polyakova 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,215(2):245-261
The diagramV - log(1 +z
e
) as function of (, ) is considered for the quasars. HereV is the apparent visual magnitude,z
e
is the emission line redshift, and are the equatorial coordinates. Two opposite extreme spots NE and SE are observed on the sky, where the inclination of the straight line fitting the dependenceV - log(1 +z
e
) is maximum and minimum. The coordinates of the centres of these extreme spots are (
NE,
NE) = (282°, +42°) and (
SE,
SE) = (70°, -38°) with errors 5°. A hypothesis of the Superattractor (SA) is proposed to explain such an effect. Two independent tests of this hypothesis are realized. First, the dependence or the frequency a of the absorbers in QSO spectra on (, ) is investigated. A region of the larger a is found. The coordinates of its centre are (, ) = (82°, - 10°) with error 5°. Second, the cases ofz
a
>z
e
are plotted in the Mercatorial projection (, ). The most of the casesz
-z
e
> 0.02 are concentrated within the circle with radiusR = 34° and centre (, ) = (50°, - 15°). The both anomalous regions overlap the Southern extreme spot around SE. The SA direction is (, ) = (67°, -21°) with errors about 12°. The redshift of SA isz
SA = 1.7 ± 0.3 that corresponds to the distancer
SA = (3100 ± 300)h
–1 Mpc for the Hubble constantH
0 = 75h kms–1 Mpc–1. The SA mass isM
SA ~ 1018-1020
M
. The orientation of the normal to the quasiperiodical large-scale sheet structure on the sky occurs near SA. 相似文献
5.
The hypothesis that the optical continua of QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies arise due to incoherent synchrotron radiation from electrons and consequently the flux of radiation in the optical continua of these objects is given by the power law:F(v)v
is examined. Following Kinman, spectral indices B–V and U–B in(B-V) and(U-B) colours as well as their average and difference have been defined and calculated for samples of 227 QSOs, 32 BL Lac objects and nuclei of 62 Seyfert, 12 N and 7 normal galaxies. Here has been assumed to be an estimate of the spectral index . On the other hand, has been regarded as a measure of departure from the power law. On the basis of this, the distributions of and in QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies have been studied. The value of depends mainly on the balance of the energy loss due to synchrotron radiation and the rate of replenishment of energy by injection of high energy electrons in the radiating region. The increase in the value of and therefore that of indicates that the activity in the object is slowing down and the object is growing older. Assuming that the QSOs, BL Lac objects and the nuclei of Seyfert, N and normal galaxies essentially represent different phases in the evolutionary sequence of extragalactic objects, we suggest that they may be arranged in the sequence: QSOsBL Lac objects Seyferts 1N galaxies Seyferts 2 Normal galaxies in the decreasing order of activity in the core or nuclei of these objects.On leave of absence from the Government Science College, Rajpur, M.P., India. 相似文献
6.
We consider the effect that coherent motion has on the observed brightness of moving clouds above the photosphere. We find that steady state clouds (constant N
e
and T
e
) that are moving perpendicular to the line of sight will appear brighter in H for speeds between 8 and 100 km/sec and dimmer for speeds greater than 135 km/sec. The brightening and dimming are due to apparent Doppler shifts of the respective H absorption and the Lyman- emission profiles seen by the absorption profile of the moving cloud.We apply this analysis, along with optical depth and geometrical considerations, to the observed brightness variations of the 1 March 1969 limb eruptive prominence. We find that all of the observed brightening and dimming can be explained by the motions, and that no significant change in the prominence N
e
or T
e
was necessary during the observed H event. This conclusion is significant in interpreting an X-ray burst that began as the prominence velocity increased abruptly at the time of maximum H intensity. The thermal X-ray peak occurred 150 sec later when the prominence had become faint again. There was no associated flare that was visible in H. We discuss the relative brightness of H and D
3 in a specific moving prominence knot.We note that the observed range of limb speeds (30–150 km/sec) may be due to the combined H Doppler brightening and Lyman- dimming effects. We also discuss generally the H brightness of disk surges (bright and dark) and flares, and sprays and puffs that occur at or near the limb.Now at the Dept. of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Colorado, and High Altitude Observatory (NCAR) Boulder, Colo., U.S.A. 相似文献
7.
A limb, two-ribbon H flare on June 4, 1991, associated with a white-light flare and followed by an emission spray and post-flare loops, is studied. A region of rapidly enhanced brightness at the bottom of the H ribbon above the white-light flare is revealed. The energy released by the white-light flare at eff = 4100 is estimated to be about 1.5 × 1028 erg s–1. 相似文献
8.
A study is made of Lyman continuum observations of solar flares, using data obtained by the Harvard College Observatory EUV spectroheliometer on the Apollo Telescope Mount. We find that there are two main types of flare regions: an overall mean flare coincident with the H flare region, and transient Lyman continuum kernels which can be identified with the H and X-ray kernels observed by other authors. It is found that the ground level hydrogen population in flares is closer to LTE than in the quiet Sun and active regions, and that the level of Lyman continuum formation is lowered in the atmosphere from a mass column density m 5/sx 10–6 g cm–2 in the quiet Sun to m 3/sx 10–4 g cm–2 in the mean flare, and to m 10–3g cm–2 in kernels. From these results we derive the amount of chromospheric material evaporated into the high temperature region, which is found to be - 1015g, in agreement with observations of X-ray emission measures. A comparison is made between kernel observations and the theoretical predictions made by model heating calculations, available in the literature; significant discrepancies are found between observation and current particle-heating models. 相似文献
9.
We use the Cerenkov line emission mechanism to give a new explanation of the observed intensity ratios, particularly the L/H ratio, of the emission lines of quasars. We give equations that restrict the choice of the parameter values. The parameters are the characteristic energy of the relativistic electrons, the number density of neutral hydrogen and its relative level populations. With reasonable choice of the parmaeters, we can obtain calculated L/H, H/H, P/H ratios in agreement with observed values. Our estimate for the gas density in the broad line region of quasars is 1015 cm–3, very different from previous estimates. Unlike previous theories, such a high density causes no difficulties with the Cerenkov line emission. 相似文献
10.
Y. Cuny 《Solar physics》1968,3(1):204-240
R'esumé Les raies et le rayonnement continu de l'hydrogène sont calculés, dans le cas solaire, en tenant compte des écarts à l'équilibre thermodynamique local.La comparaison des résultats, interprétés par la théorie de la formation des raies de Jefferies et Thomas, avec les observations donne des renseignements sur le modèle de l'atmosphère solaire.L'énergie émise par Ly dépend très fortement de la densité électronique. Seuls les modèles á palier de température dans la haute chromosphère donnent un profil de Ly à dépression centrale.La raie H, qui est contrôlée essentiellement pour les photoionisations dépend surtout du modèle de photosphère; toutefois les modèles de chromosphère à fortes température et densité électroniques ont une influence sur le profil de H.
Summary The continuous and line spectrum of hydrogen emitted by the sun is computed, taking deviations of local thermal equilibrium into account. The theory of line formation as given by Jefferies and Thomas has been applied to the computations; a comparison of these results with the observations gives information on the solar atmospheric model.The energy emitted by Lyman has been computed for a two- and three-level atom: it appears to increase slightly with the number of levels. The energies, computed with the HAO model and the model of Coates, are larger than the observed values. The core of the Lyman profile is determined by collisions; the peaks are formed at a height where the electron temperature is about 20 000 °K; the energy depends very strongly on the electron density of the model.It is shown that the profile of Lyman only shows a central self reversal if the model of the high chromosphere has a temperature plateau.An interpretation of the observed distance of the peaks of the Lyman and Lyman line profiles is possible; it can also be shown why the distance of the Lyman peaks to the line centre is always of the order of 0.2 Å.The residual central intensity of H increases slightly with the number of atomic levels; the value computed with a five level atom, with the HAO chromospheric model, and the Utrecht photospheric model (1964) does not differ very much from the observed value: it is slightly smaller than the observed value and the computed profile is narrower than the observed profile.In the case of the HAO model the source function of H is dominated by the photo-ionization terms; nevertheless, the collision terms are not much smaller than the photo-ionization terms; the residual central intensity of H computed with a chromospheric model similar to the interspicular model of Athay and Thomas but assuming a higher electron temperature and density is larger than the observed value.相似文献
11.
We analyze a time series of high resolution observations near the solar limb, obtained in H and the Mg b1 line. We identified arch-shaped dark mottles, which are thin, faint H structures observable under very good seeing conditions, best seen in H +0.75 Å. Their mean length is about 15, their mean height about 6 and indicative lifetimes is of the order of 5 min. They show negative (away from the observer) line-of-sight velocities. A possible interpretation is that material flows from the apex towards the feet of the arches. 相似文献
12.
The assumption of a linearly expanding universe for the JBD-cosmological equations generates a set of solutions for the barotropic equations of statep= (=const.). These solutions turn out to be valid for closed space-except in the casep= which is for open space. The gravitational constant which is inversely proportional to the scalar field increases with time if >–1/3 and decreases for <–1/3. No solution exists for =1/3. The Brans-Dicke parameter is negative if <–1/3. 相似文献
13.
A. G. Massevitch E. I. Popova A. V. Tutukov L. R. Yungelson 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,62(2):451-463
Evolution of massive stars losing mass with the rateM H L/V
C is computed (for =1,2,7). It is shown that observed mass loss rates correspond to 0.3 and, therefore, mass loss by stellar wind cannot play any significant role in the evolution of normal massive stars. However, for several types of massive stars (WR, OH/IR, X-ray sources) enhanced mass loss explains their peculiar features. Computations of evolutionary sequences of massive stars with convective overshooting taken into account (as a formal increase of the convective core) show that a significant broadening of the hydrogen-burning band in the H-R diagram may be obtained. 相似文献
14.
Boris Garfinkel 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1980,22(3):267-287
In the previously published Parts I and II of the paper, the author has constructed a formal long-periodic solution for the case of 11 resonance in the restricted problem of three bodies to 0(m
3/2), wherem is the small mass parameter of the system. The time-dependencet(, ,m), where is the mean synodic longitude and is related to the Jacobi constant, has been expressed by ahyperelliptic integral. It is shown here that with the approximationm=0 in the integrand, the functiont(, , 0) can be expanded in a series involving standardelliptic functions. Then the problem of inversion can be formally solved, yielding the function (t, , 0).Similarly, the normalized period (,m) of the motion can be approximated by theHagihara hyperelliptic integral (, 0), corresponding tom=0. This integral is also expanded into elliptic functions. Asymptotic forms for (, 0) are derived for 0 and for 1, corresponding to the extreme members of thetadpole branch of the family of orbits. 相似文献
15.
The reciprocal influence of the electrons and protons, on one side, and the -particles, on the other side in the quiet solar wind is investigated within the framework of a conductive three-fluid model (with frictional forces included). For this purpose two mathematical methods are used, namely: I. Simultaneous solution of the fluid equations for all three species; and II. Solution of two-fluid equations (for electrons and protons) followed by that of a modified one-fluid equation for the -particles (in which the two-fluid solutions are used for electrons and protons).The results of our investigation indicate the following: (a)The macroscopic -particle characteristics as obtained from the two methods of solution are almost identical. Thus, the differences between the three-fluid and two-fluid characteristics of the electrons and protons represent a second order (and negligible) effect on the -particle characteristics. In both approaches, the frictional interaction between -particles and protons raises the (lower) -particle streaming velocity to that of the protons and decreases the relative to proton density ratio to a value about 0.035, as observed at 1 AU, (b)The electron and proton characteristics obtained from three-fluid and two-fluid solutions are similar, except for the proton temperature. The two-fluid solution providesT
p-values which, though within the observational error, are larger than those obtained from the simultaneous three-fluid solution (at 1 AU, the difference amounts to about 30%). Thus, the -particles affect the temperature profile of the protons in the solar wind through heat exchange (mainly), dynamical friction, as well as through their contribution to the interplanetary electrostatic field. 相似文献
16.
On November 27, 1974, a map of the Moon was obtained at 6 cm wavelength with the 100-m-telescope in Effelsberg. The high angular and favourable temperature resolution allowed an interpretation of the observed brightness distribution. The dominant feature of the brightness distribution is the centre-to-limb variation, particularly noticeable in the direction of the poles. The exponent of the commonly adopted cos
()-law, describing the temperature variation across the lunar disk, is determined as 0.4. The North-South variation of the lunar surface temperature is estimated to be 30%; the depth of penetration (L
e) of electromagnetic waves of 6 cm wavelength is found to beL
e 17 m. 相似文献
17.
In this paper independent evidence in favour of the hypothesis proposed by Thakur and Sapre (1979) that a QSO consists of a bright central object embedded in an extended nebulosity has been presented.
U–B
and
B–V
, the spectral indices in (U-B) and (B-V) colours, have been calculated for a sample of 80 QSOs with redshiftz0.76. In Figure 1 = (
B–V
–
U–V
) has been plotted against = (
B–V
+
U–B
)/2. In this figure the QSOs in which detectability of neubulosities has been predicted by Thakur and Sapre (1979) occupy a separate but adjacent part of the diagram as compared to those for which such a prediction has not been made. In Figure 2 (U-B)0 has been plotted against (B-V)0 for the same sample of 80 QSOs, where (U-B)0 and (B-V)0 are the (U-B) and (B-V) colours corrected for galactic extinction. In this plot also, a similar separation of the two classes of objects is discernible. Another empirical criterion—namely, (B-V)00.32 for the detectability of nebulosities around QSOs—has been suggested. 相似文献
18.
The analysis of solar wind He++ and H+ ion distribution functions, collected over five months by the satellite Prognoz 1, shows that these are in general maxwellian but that often tails appear at higher speeds. The existing relation V-T, the observation of ratios of T/Tp 3.83 and V/Vp 1.035 give evidence of preferential He++ ion heating and acceleration. The criteria for heating by dissipation of hydromagnetic waves proposed by Barnes and Hung (1973) are tested experimentally. Finally, multifluid models are likely to predict certain observations such as dependence of the velocity ratio V/Vp on the solar wind flux. 相似文献
19.
, , , , . , . , () (), , , . — . 相似文献
20.
H emission objects were searched for, using the objective-prismSchmidt plates in a 36 deg2 sky area covering the Cepheus OB3 association.Hundred and eight emission stars have been found, 68 of which are newfindings to our knowledge. The properties of the IRAS point sourcesidentified with H emission stars indicate that most of theH emission stars are T Tauri stars or related objects. Hemission stars associated with IRAS sources and those unassociated havedifferent distributions, suggesting an age sequence among them.Altogether, they show a ring- or shell-like surface distribution, whichalmost coincides with that of heated dusts, and these distributionsappear to be encompassed by an HI shell. 相似文献