共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 395 毫秒
1.
HJ-1A、1B卫星具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,适合小流域尺度的积雪动态监测研究。本文基于HJ-1B数据,选取军塘湖流域,针对同时具有HJ-1B/CCD、IRS数据和只有HJ-1B/CCD数据两种情况展开雪盖提取方法研究。对于第一种情况,因研究区南端有大面积森林覆盖,会影响雪像元识别,选用[WTBX]NDSI[WTBZ]和[WTBX][STBX]S3[WTBZ][STBZ]两种雪盖指数,并利用[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]或TM影像反演的林区辅助判识积雪。结果表明:当有植被信息辅助分类时,两种雪盖指数均能较好提取出森林覆盖区的积雪,且提取结果基本一致,精度较高。对于第二种情况,因无法计算雪盖指数,采用光谱与纹理信息结合的SVM法提取雪盖,提取的面积和精度与上述方法相比略低,但很接近,说明在缺少[WTBX]IRS[WTBZ]数据的情况下,仅利用CCD仍可提取出较为准确的雪盖,满足实际应用需求。 相似文献
2.
三江并流河源区植被覆盖度对气候要素的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于AVHRR/NDVI和MODIS/NDVI遥感数据,通过拟合两种数据源延长NDVI时间序列来反演了三江并流河源区1982—2012年植被覆盖度空间格局的变化规律,并结合气温和降水量数据,从不同时空尺度上分析了植被覆盖变化趋势及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:1.研究区植被覆盖度整体上随着热量梯度呈南高北低、东高西低的态势分布,且海拔在4 000 m以下的区域植被覆盖度较高,平均值在0.68~0.75;2.研究期间,植被覆盖度以0.02/(10 a)的变化率呈增加趋势,海拔在4 600 m左右和低覆盖度的区域植被增加趋势显著,显著增加区域面积占研究区总面积的36.4%,主要分布于沱沱河流域、怒江流域(除源头外)和研究区东南部等地区,这些区域植被覆盖度平均值仅为0.36;3.相对于降水量,研究区的植被覆盖度与气温要素相关性更为显著,特别是高原面上的植被覆盖度整体上与气温呈显著正相关关系,显示了强烈的热量限制性生态类型的特点。 相似文献
3.
地表温度是生态系统中极其重要的环境因子,中小尺度区域的热场空间分布对生态系统稳定性的研究以及干旱区流域的农业生产建设具有重要意义。利用MODIS数据,采用劈窗算法反演石羊河流域的陆地表面温度(LST),并计算植被指数(NDVI);利用TM影像,通过目视解译获得研究区的土地利用数据,结合DEM数据,采用GIS空间分析方法,分析LST的空间分布特征和LST与NDVI在不同土地利用类型之间的差异以及二者之间的定量关系。结果表明:研究区陆地表面温度北高南低,东高西低,整体上表现为由东北向西南逐渐降低的趋势;地表温度与海拔呈负线性相关,相关系数为-0.928;不同土地利用类型的地表温度存在差异,地表温度最高的未利用土地要比最低的林地高出16.42 K;对于单一土地利用类型,耕地、林地、草地、建设用地的地表温度与NDVI具有明显负相关;对于整个研究区土地利用空间结构,地表温度与NDVI表现为LST-NDVI梯形关系,反映了流域地表温度和植被覆盖之间的关系,由此看出绿色植被对调节区域气候温度的重要性。 相似文献
4.
选取2000—2018年MODIS-NDVI数据，采用Sen+Mann-Kendall趋势分析、变异系数法、Hurst指数、偏相关分析及残差分析等方法，分析塔里木河流域植被覆盖时空格局及气候因子和人类活动对植被变化的影响。结果表明：(1) 塔里木河流域植被覆盖总体呈明显增加趋势，以2008年为转折存在明显阶段变化。(2) 植被分布存在明显地域差异，“北高南低，西高东低”，植被覆盖高区分布于山体多的地带、绿洲及绿洲荒漠交错带。(3) 全区植被覆盖趋势以基本不变居多。山体等植被覆盖高区，植被活动响应显著。全区大部分区域将保持现有的稳定趋势。(4) 气温和降水量对[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]的综合影响从东北向西南逐渐增强，且降水量对NDVI的影响更为明显。人类活动对植被变化产生积极影响的区域主要分布于绿洲、绿洲荒漠过渡带以及塔里木河下游附近。 相似文献
5.
雅鲁藏布江流域海拔高差约达7 000 m,气候条件复杂、生态系统类型多样,植被格局空间变化显著.笔者基于1:100万植被类型图、SPOT_VEGETATION NDVI数据集和数字高程模型(DEM),综合运用GIS空间分析技术,提取与定量分析了流域主要植被类型、空间分布特征,并结合海拔梯度、气候条件变化探讨了流域植被格局与NDVI空间变化的耦合关系.结果表明:(1) 雅鲁藏布江流域植被类型包括针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛、荒漠、草原、草丛、草甸、高山植被等11个植被型组,21个植被型,其中米林宽谷的植被型最多,自下游至上游的山南宽谷、日喀则宽谷及马泉河宽谷随着海拔梯度的变化,植被类型多样性总体呈下降趋势.(2) 随着海拔的增加,植被型组和植被型的个数均呈先增大后减小的趋势,以海拔3000～4 000 m和4 000～5 000 m最多,流域植被格局的垂直地带性显著.(3) 流域植被格局与NDVI变化表现出较好的空间一致性.针叶林、阔叶林和草丛等3个植被型组的NDVI值均以10-12月最大,其余8个植被型组的NDVI值均以7-9月最大、1-3月最小.海拔3 000 m是流域尺度植被格局变化的一个转折点. 相似文献
6.
艾比湖流域NDVI垂直梯度变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2000—2011年MODIS-NDVI数据分析了艾比湖流域植被变化特征,以MVC法合成年最大NDVI,研究不同尺度下海拔与NDVI的关系。建立了12年的NDVI变化趋势的一元线性回归方程,结合DEM数据,分析了24等分下海拔间的NDVI变化趋势。结果显示:(1)总体上,NDVI与海拔的拟合程度较好,判定系数均大于0.88,随着等分数目减少,判定系数增大,10等分时,海拔与NDVI的相关性最大,为0.97;2 500m为NDVI的分水岭,该海拔以下区域植被覆盖逐渐增加,以上区域植被覆盖逐渐减少;(2)研究区12年NDVI趋势变化平均值为1.03,总体属轻度改善;1 500m以上区域植被呈减少态势,1 200m以下植被呈增长态势;(3)各海拔带内NDVI趋势平均值为-42~54,研究区大部分像元NDVI趋势值较小,植被覆盖情况属于轻度改善和轻度退化。 相似文献
7.
基于SPOT-VGT数据的流域植被覆盖动态变化及空间格局特征——以淮河流域为例 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为探明近10多年来淮河流域的植被覆盖状况动态变化及其空间格局,本研究基于SPOT-VGT的NDVI数据和淮河流域土地利用/覆被数据,利用ArcGIS空间分析工具,设计植被动态空间计算模型,分析了1999-2007年淮河流域植被变化的时空格局,包括年内各月变化规律、年际变化趋势、不同景观类型的植被指数特征及其变化趋势等.结果表明:①SPOT-VGT数据结合GIS空间分析和建模工具,可以较好的计算和分析流域尺度的植被状况时空格局;②淮河流域绝大部分地区(71.33％)在1999-2007年NDVI有显著增加趋势,表明流域整体植被覆盖明显改善;③淮河流域NDVI年内变化曲线呈双峰型,4月份和8月份分别出现波峰,8月波峰高于4月;④淮河流域植被覆盖状况空间差异显著,NDVI多年平均值的空间格局为:平原地区较高,淮河干流北岸高于南岸;山丘区差异较大,大别山区植被指数最高,沂蒙山区植被指数最低,水土流失风险较高;大中城市及其周边地区,植被指数低;⑤不同景观类型的NDVI多年变化趋势存在一定的差异:耕地、林地、草地、盐碱地的平均值增长趋势显著且较为平稳.滩地在波动中有小幅度增长;沼泽地波动幅度最大.本研究可为淮河流域森林保育、水土流失防治等措施的制定提供科学依据. 相似文献
8.
石羊河流域上游植被时空变化及其对区域气候的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地理与地理信息科学》2016,(3)
利用1999-2013年的SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI时间序列数据和降水、气温数据,对石羊河流域上游近15年的植被变化特征及其对降水和气温的响应关系进行了研究。结果表明:研究区NDVI的空间分布具有明显的垂直地带性;近15年中,81.3%的地区植被生长季NDVI呈增长趋势;研究区平均NDVI在春、夏、秋季及植被生长季的增长幅度分别为11.75%、9.62%、5.98%和7.75%,植被生长季在延长。气候变化对研究区植被的影响随植被类型及其生长季节的不同而具有明显差异,体现出较大的时空异质性;降水是影响研究区植被变化的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
基于GIS的新疆和田地区人居环境适宜性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人居环境是人类生存和发展的基础。运用GIS和RS技术采用单因子评价和综合评价模型,系统地归纳了国内外人居环境评价研究的理论基础和应用研究成果,利用DEM与[WTBX]NDVI[WTBZ]数据将多年平均气温、降水量、人口和GDP等要素的栅格数统一到1 km×1 km的栅格尺度,以此反映干旱区适宜性的空间分布特征。通过数字评价模型分析,结果表明：和田地区的人居环境指数介于1.139～4.495之间;整体分布景观是从和田河流域、克里雅河流域等绿洲区向北部沙漠区和南部山脉区递减,大部分地区受到自然条件的限制,人居环境中高级适宜区面积最少,占全研究区面积的1.04%,较适宜区占5.95%,中等适宜区占21.13%、难适宜区和不适宜区占71.68%,表明自然环境基础很恶劣,生态环境相当脆弱。因此,开展和田地区人居环境适宜性评价研究,对干旱区生态环境保护具有现实意义。 相似文献
10.
利用MODIS数据,采用劈窗算法,定量反演吉林省中部陆地表面温度;利用TM数据,通过目视解译获得研究区的土地利用状况,并结合地势图,研究吉林省中部农业区的地表温度空间分布特征以及地表温度与土地利用类型之间的关系。结果表明,研究区陆地表面温度南高北低,西高东低,符合该区域气候特征;由于地表土地类型热力性质的不同,不同土地利用类型的地表温度存在差异,地表温度最高的裸岩要比最低的湖泊高出26.6K;地表温度与海拔呈负相关关系,即随着海拔的升高,地表温度呈下降趋势,下降率为23.6°C/km;在植被覆盖区,地表温度与NDVI之间存在负相关性,且城市地表温度对植被覆盖度的敏感性要高于农田和林地;对于整个研究区土地利用空间结构,地表温度与NDVI表现为LST-NDVI梯形关系。 相似文献
11.
基于DEM-NDVI的高山植被带定量刻划 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
根据不同高山植被类型具有不同归一化植被指数响应的特点,通过对NDVI的分析来定量刻划高山植被带的海拔分布。首先,利用DEM、NDVI构建DEM-NDVI散点分布图;然后,结合地面调查资料与WorldView-2高分遥感影像对DEM-NDVI散点分布图进行统计回归分析;最后,利用分析结果定量刻划高山植被垂直分带结构。将该方法应用于四川卧龙大熊猫保护区的卧龙关沟,结果表明：① NDVI随海拔升高而呈“Z”字形变化;② DEM-NDVI散点图比样本点DEM-NDVI分布图能更完全地表达高山植被NDVI随高程变化的特征;③ 卧龙关沟东北坡高山植被带海拔高度为3255~4415 m,西南坡高山植被带海拔高度为3193~4473 m,与地面调查得到的区域代表植被的分布高度基本一致。 相似文献
12.
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995. 相似文献
13.
基于遥感和地面数据的景观尺度叶面积指数和生物量的模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper,The procedure was:(1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images;(2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated;(3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch ,stem ,root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated;(4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained.The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcoInfo software ,The method is laso a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale ,A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated ,Aalysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995. 相似文献
14.
藏东南三江并流核心区植被时空动态变化及其气候驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植被生长状况及其分布对气候等影响因子的响应是当前生态学研究的热点之一。基于2000—2016年MODIS NDVI数据和气象数据,用Sen+Mann-Kendall等方法分析了藏东南三江并流核心区植被的时空变化及其与气候因子的关系。研究结果表明：① 该区植被覆盖整体趋于稳定,呈缓慢增加趋势,不同植被类型覆盖空间异质性明显。② 植被变化趋势结果显示植被覆盖变化以稳定不变和改善趋势为主,区域总体呈稳中向好态势。③ 相关分析表明植被NDVI增加主要与气候暖化有关,与降水量相关性较小。此外,人类活动对植被影响的双重性表现为：大多地区植被改善受生态工程和围栏禁牧政策影响,局部地区植被退化则与城镇化进程加快有关。研究结果揭示气温是影响植被格局的主要气候因子,了解影响植被变化及其驱动因素的空间变异性可为山地植被生态环境保护建设提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
15.
SRTM DEM高程精度评价 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了全面认识SRTM DEM数据精度特征并完善SRTM DEM数据精度评定方法,该文以我国1∶5万比例尺DEM为参考数据,以具有多种地貌类型的陕西省为实验样区,利用高程中误差模型及空间插值方法对SRTMDEM进行高程精度分析。结果表明:陕西省的SRTM DEM高程中误差在3.5~60.7 m,呈现出较为显著的空间分异特征;并且高程中误差与实验样区平均坡度有较强的指数相关性,拟合的指数函数具有较高的模拟精度。 相似文献
16.
Cities are often substantially warmer than their surrounding rural areas. This ‘urban heat island effect’ can negatively affect the health of urban residents, increase energy usage, and alter ecological processes. While the effect of land use and land cover on urban heat islands has been extensively studied, little is known about the role of vegetation volume or built-area volume about this phenomenon. We ask whether the 3-dimensional structure of urban landscapes influences variations in temperature across a city. Using heights-above-ground information derived from LiDAR data and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from multispectral (4 band: Blue, Green, Red, and Near Infrared) aerial images, we estimated vegetation volume and built-area volume (non-vegetated) in Chicago, Illinois (USA). Daily minimum temperature data were obtained from 36 weather stations for summer 2011. The differences in urban air temperature across the study area were as large as 3 °C. Maximum likelihood models indicated that a combination of NDVI and vegetation volume best predicted nighttime temperature in Chicago, and that vegetation growing within 250–500 m of the weather station was most influential. Our results indicate that vegetation in “the matrix”, i.e. the area outside parks and preserves, is important in temperature mitigation since the majority of the vegetation volume in the study area occurs within residential, commercial/industrial, and institutional land uses. However, open space, which covers only 15% of the study area, has nearly as much total vegetation volume as residential land, which covers 61% of the study area. Clearly, both large wooded parks within a city and large trees scattered across residential areas are needed to best mitigate the urban heat island effect. 相似文献
17.
We examine the selection criteria for satellite images and methods of processing them in the process of mapping underwater landscapes using remotely sensed data, discuss the interpretation principles and algorithms as well as some issues related to the support of observations with field material. It is shown that a detailed landscape mapping of shallow marine waters by methods of visual and automated interpretation requires multispectral superhigh spatial resolution images. Results of investigations made on underwater profiles by using lightweight diving outfits were employed to describe seven types of underwater landscapes, and echo sounder measurements were used in constructing the digital elevation model for the bottom of Srednyaya Bay. It is established that the regions for which it was possible to carry out a reliable interpretation of data from the IKONOS-2 spacecraft are in the range of depths between 0 and 10 m and make up about three-fourths of the area of the bay bottom. Ten facies were identified and put on the map, for each of which we determined the area, the range of depths and the mean depth of propagation. Remotely sensed data were used to assess the contribution (in the spatial structure of the geosystem) of algal vegetation on the littoral; the eelgrass fields were ranked according to the degree of projective cover. As a result of a clustering according to the similarity of spectral attributes, we identified ten groups of pixels of the image analyzed. An analysis is made of the agreement between the distribution of facies identified by expert interpretation and results of an automated classification of pixels, and the contours of landscape units were updated. The conclusion is drawn regarding integration of the computer-aided and visual approaches to interpretation of remotely sensed data for shallow marine waters leading to a “hybrid” express method of mapping landscapes of shallow marine waters. 相似文献
18.
This paper used five years (2001-2006) time series of MODIS NDVI images with a 1-km spatial resolution to produce a land cover map of Qinghai Province in China. A classi-fication approach for different land cover types with special emphasis on vegetation, espe-cially on sparse vegetation, was developed which synthesized Decision Tree Classification, Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification. The spatial distribution and dy-namic change of vegetation cover in Qinghai from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed based on the land cover classification map and five grade elevation belts derived from Qinghai DEM. The result shows that vegetation cover in Qinghai in recent five years has been some improved and the area of vegetation was increased from 370,047 km2 in 2001 to 374,576 km2 in 2006. Meanwhile, vegetation cover ratio was increased by 0.63%. Vegetation cover ratio in high mountain belt is the largest (67.92%) among the five grade elevation belts in Qinghai Prov-ince. The second largest vegetation cover ratio is in middle mountain belt (61.80%). Next, in the order of the decreasing vegetation cover ratio, the remaining grades are extreme high mountain belt (38.98%), low mountain belt (25.55%) and flat region belt (15.46%). The area of middle density grassland in high mountain belt is the biggest (94,003 km2), and vegetation cover ratio of dense grassland in middle mountain belt is the highest (32.62%), and the in-creased area of dense grassland in high mountain belt is the greatest (1280 km2). In recent five years the conversion from sparse grass to middle density grass in high mountain belt has been the largest vegetation cover variation and the converted area is 15931 km2. 相似文献
19.
基于MOD13Q1数据的宁夏生长季植被动态监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宁夏自2000年后实施退耕还林以来,局部地区的生态环境得到明显改善,为探求近15来年宁夏地区植被的动态变化及其影响因子,本文以MOD13Q1为数据源,结合DEM数据、土地利用分类图,采用Sen+Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法和Hurst模型,分析了宁夏不同行政区、不同海拔、不同坡度、不同坡向及不同植被类型生长季NDVI的空间变化特征及未来变化趋势;并利用重心迁移模型和转移矩阵分析宁夏2000-2014年间植被覆盖的时空演变特征。结果表明：①从空间分布看,宁夏南部六盘山、北部贺兰山及引黄灌溉区植被长势较好,中部干旱地区植被长势较差;且植被NDVI与海拔高程和坡度呈显著正相关。②从植被覆盖的转移矩阵看,较高植被覆盖的面积占比从2000年的17.29%增长到2014年的31.55%,主要是由较低植被覆盖转化而来的。③从重心迁移方向看,中度植被覆盖和较高植被覆盖的重心迁移最为明显,分别向东北方向偏移了129.49 km和向东南方向偏移了89.49 km。④从变化趋势看,生长季植被NDVI整体呈上升趋势,明显改善的面积占总面积的59.63%,轻微改善区域占31.72%;林地和水田显著改善的面积分别占总面积的71.50%和70.80%;显著改善的面积比例随海拔高程和坡度的增加均先增加后减少,且南部各行政区植被改善的面积均高于北部。⑤从可持续性看,植被恢复的持续性较强,89.24%的植被NDVI呈现持续改善的趋势;南部地区的持续改善的面积大于北部地区。 相似文献