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1.
运用MINTEQ化学平衡软件研究了巢湖磷酸盐络和形式的稀土元素.结果表明,与一般淡水体系不同,在富营养化水体中磷酸根络合形式的稀土元素在湖水中占有非常重要的地位,平均含量为2.12%.从轻稀土LaPO4到重稀土LuPO4的含量逐渐增加,平均增加4.34倍.丰水期LnPO4的含量高于枯水期,丰水期LnPO4的百分含量平均是枯水期的4.35倍,湖泊的富营养化程度对溶解态稀土的地球化学行为有着很大的影响.巢湖所有样点LREE的LnPO4都处于过饱和状态,富营养化极其严重的西半湖区丰水期HREE的LnPO4的也处于过饱和状态,湖泊的富营养化状态对稀土的存在有很强的限制作用. 相似文献
2.
北京平原沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及物源意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中总结了北京平原永定河、潮白河流域钻孔沉积物中稀土元素分布特征,两流域沉积物稀土元素总量∑REE、轻重稀土比(LREE/HREE)及轻(La/Sm)N、重(Gd/Yb)N稀土分馏特征差异较为显著。粒度对沉积物稀土分布(总量、轻重稀土比及分馏特征)有一定影响;各流域沉积物均表现为轻稀土相对富集、弱Eu负异常的球粒陨石标准化曲线。细颗粒沉积物稀土分馏特征(La/Yb)N有较好的物源示踪意义。根据沉积物(La/Yb)N值对永定河、潮白河交互沉积区不同深度沉积物进行了物源示踪,不同深度上沉积物来源不同。此外,同一流域上、中、下游沉积物稀土分馏特征不同。常量元素Al2O3/Fe2O3与稀土元素(La/Yb)N划分结果相符,但精度低于稀土元素物源分析。 相似文献
3.
采用液-液萃取法,连续提取法和ICP-MS测试技术,对龙感湖不同季节水和颗粒物中稀土元素进行研究.结果表明,龙感湖的溶解态稀土含量极低,稀土总含量(ΣREE)在3.14～129.81ng/kg之间,且季节性变化明显.龙感湖溶解态稀土元素表现出平坦型的页岩配分模式,这是由于在草型湖泊中溶解态稀土主要以吸附在微细胶体上的形式存在,水粒相互作用在这个过程中起主要控制作用.悬浮物中的稀土含量顺序为:残渣态>>Fe-Mn结合态>>有机态和AEC态,颗粒物中稀土元素主要以残渣态形式存在.Fe-Mn结合态、有机态和AEC态的页岩配分模式为中稀土富集,残渣态的页岩配分模式为平坦型.这说明中稀土与轻重稀土相比具有更强的潜在地球化学活性,但在龙感湖的环境中的迁移能力相对轻重稀土来说较弱. 相似文献
4.
详细的地球化学解析表明,乌木龙—铜厂街地区出露的蛇绿混杂岩主要包括方辉橄榄岩、纯橄榄岩和碱性玄武岩。其中,方辉橄榄岩和纯橄榄岩具有极低的CaO含量(<0.1%)、稀土总量(<5×10-6)和(La/Yb)N(0.96～1.14)值,(Ce/Yb)N为1.04～1.37,为轻稀土弱亏损型。本区碱性玄武岩具有高TiO2(2.57%～3.33%)、高K2O(2.29%～5.52%)的显著特征,(La/Yb)N为15.42～19.81,(Ce/Yb)N为12.48～14.76,为轻稀土强烈富集型;岩石Ti/V、Th/Ta、Th/Yb、Ti/Yb、Ta/Yb与来自亏损地幔的MORB以及与俯冲有关的岛弧火山岩明显不同,而主要显示为OIB型火山岩的微量元素地球化学特征,乃是典型的大洋板块内部岩浆作用的产物。该区洋岛型火山岩的厘定,表明昌宁—孟连古洋盆在石炭—二叠纪期间曾经历过一个由初始洋盆到成熟洋盆的完整发育演化过程。 相似文献
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6.
总结了内蒙古大石寨地区1∶25万区域地球化学调查获得的1点/4km2的水系沉积物组合样品中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y等15种稀土元素的区域地球化学分布特征。稀土元素分布与研究区中部的黑云母花岗岩密切相关,轻稀土主要分布在该岩体外围的二叠系地层中,重稀土主要分布在该岩体上方。该岩体上方和外围地层的稀土元素分布、稀土元素总量、轻重稀土比及δCe、δEu、(La/Sm)N、(La/Tb)N、(La/Lu)N、(Ce/Yb)N、(Gd/Lu)N等稀土元素分馏特征的差异明显。利用区域地球化学调查水系沉积物样品中的稀土元素含量,可获得研究区可靠的稀土元素区域地球化学分布特征,也可反映研究区地质特点,并为区域地球化学异常解译提供参考资料。 相似文献
7.
滇西北中甸普朗斑岩铜矿床地球化学与成矿机理初探 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
普朗斑岩铜矿是一个典型的与洋壳俯冲相关的大型乃至超大型矿床,通过对矿区代表性含矿斑岩与无/弱矿化斑岩的稀土元素特征对比、硫同位素示踪等方面的研究,表明矿石随Cu品位的增高,稀土总量(∑REE)和稀土分馏参数〔(LREE/HREE)、(La/Yb)N及(La/Yb)N、(Gd/Yb)N〕呈连续降低趋势,负铕异常一般显示为逐渐增强的趋势,但在发育有强烈的晚期钾长石脉的情况下,出现反弹减弱特征。硫化物(黄铜矿、黄铁矿和辉钼矿)的δ34SCDT变化范围为-2.23‰～3.75‰,基本呈塔式分布特征,主要为深源岩浆硫。 相似文献
8.
石英、黄铁矿及其包裹体的稀土元素特征——以胶东焦家式金矿为例 总被引：23，自引：7，他引：23
本文采用ICP—MS测定了焦家、马塘、东季、红布等焦家式金矿床中黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素组成。结果表明：采用ICP—MS直接测定黄铁矿包裹体的稀土元素是可行的；包裹体爆裂丰度虽然对稀土总量有影响，但矿源稀土元素背景值的差异也是流体中稀土总量差别的主要原因之一。∑REE、δEu、δCe及LREE／HREE、(La/Yb)N、(Ce/Yb)N、(La／Lu)N都是有意义的稀土元素特征参数；焦家式金矿同一成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征相似，显示了它们的同源特征；不同成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征有差异，反映了其成矿流体特征的差异。 相似文献
9.
《矿物学报》2013,(4)
滇东北茂租铅锌矿床赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中,矿体呈似层状、脉状和不规则状,矿石主要由黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、方解石和白云石等组成。方解石是该矿床中最为主要的脉石矿物,其形成贯穿整个成矿过程。本文选择与硫化物紧密共生的团斑状方解石为研究对象,借助等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),获得了5件热液方解石的稀土元素含量数据。结果显示,全部样品的总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=19.56×10-662.55×10-6),轻、重稀土元素间分异较明显[ΣLREE/ΣHREE=1.3062.55×10-6),轻、重稀土元素间分异较明显[ΣLREE/ΣHREE=1.3010.83,(La/Yb)N=2.8310.83,(La/Yb)N=2.8331.40]。全部样品的(La/Sm)N(0.9231.40]。全部样品的(La/Sm)N(0.926.30)和(Gd/Yb)N(3.086.30)和(Gd/Yb)N(3.085.24)值表明轻稀土和重稀土元素内部分异不显著,δEu=1.875.24)值表明轻稀土和重稀土元素内部分异不显著,δEu=1.874.27,呈明显的Eu正异常特征,而δCe=0.834.27,呈明显的Eu正异常特征,而δCe=0.831.18,显示Ce异常特征不明显。茂租铅锌矿床中热液方解石稀土元素含量、配分模式及相关参数与赋矿围岩灯影组白云岩不同,与区域上不同时代地层沉积岩及二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩也不同,但与会泽超大型铅锌矿床中的团斑和脉状热液方解石相似,暗示茂租铅锌矿床成矿流体中的REE来源与可能会泽矿床相似。结合同标本的C-O同位素组成和Sm-Nd同位素年龄,认为茂租铅锌矿床形成于晚三叠纪(196±13 Ma),其成矿流体中的不同组分具有不同的来源,可能与川滇黔铅锌矿床属于同构造热事件的产物,与VMS、SEDEX和MVT型不同,暂归为川滇黔型。 相似文献
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11.
The aquatic chemistry of rare earth elements in rivers and estuaries 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Edward R. Sholkovitz 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(1):1-34
Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine how pH, colloids and salinity control the fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in river and estuarine waters. By using natural waters as the reaction media (river water from the Connecticut, Hudson and Mississippi Rivers) geochemical reactions can be studied in isolation from the large temporal and spatial variability inherent in river and estuarine chemistry. Experiments, field studies and chemical models form a consistent picture whereby REE fractionation is controlled by surface/solution reactions. The concentration and fractionation of REEs dissolved in river waters are highly pH dependent. Higher pH results in lower concentrations and more fractionated composition relative to the crustal abundance. With increasing pH the order of REE adsorption onto river particle surfaces is LREEs > MREEs > HREEs. With decreasing pH, REEs are released from surfaces in the same order. Within the dissolved (<0.22 µm) pool of river waters, Fe-organic colloids are major carriers of REEs. Filtration through filters and ultrafilters with progressively finer pore sizes results in filtrates which are lower in absolute concentrations and more fractionated. The order of fractionation with respect to shale, HREEs > MREEs > LREEs, is most pronounced in the solution pool, defined here as <5K and <50K ultrafiltrates. Colloidal particles have shale-like REE compositions and are highly LREE enriched relative to the REE composition of the dissolved and solution pools. The addition of sea water to river water causes the coagulation of colloidal REEs within the dissolved pool. Fractionation accompanies coagulation with the order of sea water-induced removal being LREEs > MREEs > HREEs. While the large scale removal of dissolved river REEs in estuaries is well established, the release of dissolved REEs off river particles is a less studied process. Laboratory experiments show that there is both release and fractionation of REEs when river particles are leached with seawater. The order of sea water-induced release of dissolved REE(III) (LREEs > MREEs > HREEs) from Connecticut River particles is the same as that associated with lowering the pH and the same as that associated with colloidal particles. River waters, stripped of their colloidal particles by coagulation in estuaries, have highly evolved REE composition. That is, the solution pool of REEs in river waters are strongly HREE-enriched and are fractionated to the same extent as that of Atlantic surface seawater. This strengthens the conclusions of previous studies that the evolved REE composition of sea water is coupled to chemical weathering on the continents and reactions in estuaries. Moreover, the release of dissolved Nd from river particles to sea water may help to reconcile the incompatibility between the long oceanic residence times of Nd (7100 yr) and the inter-ocean variations of the Nd isotopic composition of sea water. Using new data on dissolved and particle phases of the Amazon and Mississippi Rivers, a comparison of field and laboratory experiments highlights key features of REE fractionation in major river systems. The dissolved pool of both rivers is highly fractionated (HREE enriched) with respect to the REE composition of their suspended particles. In addition, the dissolved pool of the Mississippi River has a large negative Ce-anomaly suggesting in-situ oxidation of Ce(III). One intriguing feature is the well developed maximum in the middle REE sector of the shale normalized patterns for the dissolved pool of Amazon River water. This feature might reflect competition between surface adsorption and solution complexation with carbonate and phosphate anions. 相似文献
12.
Kevin H. Johannesson W. Berry Lyons Klaus J. Stetzenbach Robert H. Byrne 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(2):157-173
Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in alkaline lakes, circumneutral pH groundwaters, and an acidic freshwater lake were determined along with the free carbonate, free phosphate, and free sulfate ion concentrations. These parameters were used to evaluate the saturation state of these waters with respect to REE phosphate and carbonate precipitates. Our activity product estimates indicate that the alkaline lake waters and groundwaters are approximately saturated with respect to the REE phosphate precipitates but are significantly undersaturated with respect to REE carbonate and sulfate precipitates. On the other hand, the acidic lake waters are undersaturated with respect to REE sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate precipitates. Although carbonate complexes tend to dominate the speciation of the REEs in neutral and alkaline waters, our results indicate that REE phosphate precipitates are also important in controlling REE behavior. More specifically, elevated carbonate ion concentrations in neutral to alkaline natural waters tend to enhance dissolved REE concentrations through the formation of stable REE-carbonate complexes whereas phosphate ions tend to lead to the removal of the REEs from solution in these waters by the formation of REE-phosphate salts. Removal of REEs by precipitation as phosphate phases in the acid lake (pH=3.6) is inconsequential, however, due to extremely low [PO
4
3–
]
F
concentrations (i.e., 10–23 mol/kg). 相似文献
13.
对松花坝站1953～2011年降水特征分析表明,昆明市松华坝水源地降水量呈减少趋势,且降水高度集中在主汛期,后汛期降水偏少,不利于水库防洪调度与水库蓄水。小波分析结果表明,松华坝水源地年降水量、汛期、主汛期和后汛期降水量均存在2a短周期,但长周期各异。年降水量、汛期及主汛期降水量在较大时间尺度上分为1977年之前的偏丰期、1977～1993年的偏枯期、1994～2008年的偏丰期、2009～2011年的偏枯期,而后汛期降水量在较大时间尺度上分为1957年前的偏枯期、1957～1968年的偏丰期、1969～1982年的偏枯期、1983～1997年的偏丰期、1997～2011年的偏枯期。由小波分析和趋势来看,2009年之后的降水偏枯期还将延续11a左右的时间。 相似文献
14.
稀土的开发和广泛应用使得人们倍加关注其在环境中的分布及其环境地球化学行为。赣江作为鄱阳湖流域五大入湖河之一,发源于稀土资源富集的赣南地区,而其下游水体及周边地下水中稀土元素的含量和分异特征目前尚不完全清楚。以赣江北支水体及沉积物为研究对象,开展了稀土元素地球化学研究。结果表明,赣江北支水体中稀土元素总量在地表水中为230~1 146 ng/L(均值458.85 ng/L),地下水中为284~1 498 ng/L(均值634.94 ng/L),沉积物中稀土元素总量为177.9~270.7 mg/kg(均值226.99 mg/kg)。PHREEQC模拟计算表明,水体中的稀土元素主要以碳酸根络合物(REEC03+)的形式存在。地表水和地下水总体上均表现为重稀土元素相较于轻、中稀土元素富集,沉积物未表现出明显的富集特性;水体具有Ce、Eu负异常特点,而沉积物表现为Ce正异常和Eu负异常,指示氧化还原环境和水岩相互作用对稀土元素在水-沉积物系统中迁移转化的影响。地下水中稀土元素的含量沿流向具有上升趋势,而水体中重稀土元素的富集程度不断减弱,同时碳酸根络合物(REEC03+)的占比不断降低,反映水体中稀土元素的含量受到pH、胶体吸附、络合作用以及地下水-地表水相互作用的影响。水体中重稀土元素的富集受到碳酸根络合反应的影响,Ce、Eu负异常与Ce氧化沉淀和母岩特性相关。Gd异常值表明,研究区中下游水体中的Gd元素受到人为输入的影响。 相似文献
15.
The watershed in the central Guizhou Province (Guizhou Province is called simply Qian) (CQW) is a karstic area. Rare earth elements (REEs) of dissolved loads, suspended particulate material (SPM) and sediments of riverbed are first synthetically reported to investigate REE geochemistry in the three phases in karstic watershed during the high-flow season. Results show that the low dissolved REE concentrations in the CQW are attributed to these rivers draining carbonate rocks. The dissolved REE have significant negative Eu anomaly and coexistence of middle and light REE (MREE??PAAS-normalized La N /Sm N and Gd N /Yb N ; LREE??PAAS-normalized La N /Yb N )-enrichment, which are due to the dissolution of impure Triassic carbonates. REE concentrations in most of SPM exceed that of sediments in the CQW and the average continental crust (UCC). The SPM and the sediments show some common features: positive Eu, Ce anomalies, and MREE enrichment. The controls on the patterns seem to be from weathering profiles: the oxidation state, the REE-bearing secondary minerals (cerianite, potassium feldspar and plagioclase), which are also supported by the evidence of Y/Ho fractionations in the three phases. 相似文献
16.
Settling particles were sampled monthly for 1 year using an automated time-series sediment trap positioned at similar depths at two sites of high diatomaceous productivity in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. The particles were analyzed for rare earth elements (REEs) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with and without chemical treatment of the bulk samples to isolate siliceous fractions. The REE composition of the bulk samples is explained largely by the contribution of two distinct components: (i) carbonate with a higher REE concentration, a negative Ce anomaly and lighter REE (LREE) enrichment; (ii) opal with a lower REE concentration, a weaker negative Ce anomaly and heavier REE (HREE) enrichment.The siliceous fractions of settling particles are characterized by high Si/Al ratios (30-190), reflecting high diatom productivity at the studied sites. The La/Al ratio of the siliceous fraction is close to that of the upper crust, but the Lu/Al and Lu/La ratios are significantly higher than those of the upper crust or airborne particles, indicating the presence of excess HREEs in the siliceous fraction. Diatoms are believed to be important carriers of HREEs.The Ce anomaly, Eu anomaly, slope of the REE pattern, and ΣREE of the siliceous fraction vary exponentially with decreasing total mass flux. They can be well-reproduced according to the differential dissolution kinetics of elements in the order of Ce < lighter REEs (LREEs) < Eu = heavier REEs (HREEs) < Si from settling particles, where the dissolution rate is critically reduced through particle aggregation. This order is consistent with the vertical distribution of dissolved REEs and Si in oceans. The differential dissolution kinetics leads to HREE enrichment of the original diatoms and REE enrichment of dissolved diatoms. The Lu/Si ratio of the siliceous fraction of settling particles recovered from some of the highest diatom fluxes is identical to that of the two elements dissolved in deep seawater, providing further evidence for the dissolution of siliceous matter in deep water. 相似文献
17.
Maharlu Lake with Na–Cl water type is the terminal point of a closed basin in southern Iran. A total of 10 water samples from two rivers discharging to the lake and 78 water samples of surface and pore brine of Maharlu Lake have been collected from different depths (surface, 20, 50 and 100 cm) of four sampling stations along the lake during a period of lake water-level fluctuation (November 2014–July 2015). To investigate chemical interaction between lake surface water and shallow pore water and to understand the major factors governing chemical composition of Maharlu brine, concentrations of major and minor (boron, bromide and lithium) solutes, pH and total dissolved solids have been measured in collected water samples. Saturation indices of evaporite minerals in collected water samples have been also calculated. The chemical behavior of dissolved solutes and evaporative evolution of the lake brine during a hydrological period have been simulated using PHREEQC. The results of our investigations indicated that chemical composition of lake surface water and pore brine of Maharlu Lake are mainly connected with lake water-level fluctuations and distance from input rivers (and depth), respectively. Hydrochemical investigations and statistical analysis showed that the brines chemistry of Maharlu is mainly controlled by three processes: brine evaporative evolution, dissolution–precipitation and diagenetic evolution of secondary carbonates. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(4):451-462
Water, suspended matter, and sediment samples were taken from 8 locations along the Yangtze River in 1992. The concentration and speciation (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe–Mn oxides, bound to organic matter, and residual forms) of rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, and Lu) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).The contents of the soluble fraction of REEs in the river are low, and REEs mainly reside in particulate form. In the particles, the chondrite-normalized distribution patterns show significant LREE enrichment and Eu-depletion. While normalized to shales, both sediments and suspended matter samples show relative LREE enrichment and HREE depletion. REEs are relatively enriched in fine-grained fractions of the sediments.The speciation characteristics of REEs in the sediments and suspended matter are very similar. The amount of the five forms follows the order: residual>>bound to organic matter∼bound to Fe–Mn oxides>bound to carbonates>>exchangeable. About 65 to 85% of REEs in the particles exist in the residual form, and the exchangeable form is very low. High proportions of residual REEs reveal that REEs in sediments and suspended matter are controlled by their abundances in the earth's crust. Carbonate, Fe–Mn oxide and organic fractions of REEs in sediments account for 2.4–6.9%, 5.2–11.1%, and 7.3–14.0% of the total contents respectively. They are similar to those in the suspended matter. This shows that carbonates, Fe–Mn oxides and organic matter play important roles during the particle-water interaction processes. By normalization to shales, the 3 forms of REEs follow convex shapes according to atomic number with middle REE (Sm, Eu, and Tb) enrichment, while light REE and heavy REE are depleted. 相似文献
19.
Seawater samples were collected from four locations in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the MR02-K06 cruise of the R/V Mirai and analyzed for dissolved rare earth elements (REEs) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. According to variations
of REE concentrations and Yb/La ratios, the results show that the river input of the Papua New Guinea islands may affect the
compositions of REEs in the Equatorial Pacific surface water. The Yb/La values and the REE concentrations in the waters deeper
than 3,000 m in the western South Pacific and the Equatorial Pacific Oceans, which represent the characteristics of Antarctic
Bottom Water (AABW), demonstrate similar variation trend with depth. This result also indicates that the REEs which originated
from the South Pacific Ocean have entered the North Pacific Ocean across the equator with AABW intrusion. 相似文献