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1.
Functioning of the White Sea Ecosystem: Studying the Transformations of Organogenic Substances Using a Mathematical Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Long-term observational data on hydrology, hydrochemistry, and hydrobiology are generalized and used for systems analysis of the biohydrochemical transformation processes of organic and biogenic substances in a marine environment. An ecological model with the systematized data is used to assess the annual dynamics of concentrations of organic and mineral N, P, and Si compounds and dissolved organic C and O2 in eight water areas within the White Sea at specified conditions of water mass transport, river runoff, and water exchange with the Barents Sea. Variations in the biomasses of the major transformers of organic and biogenic substances (heterotrophic bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, and microphytes) and their biological production were also evaluated. These characteristics serve as indicators of the state of the water environment, the presence of nutrients in it, and their import from outside. 相似文献
2.
The biohydrochemical features of the Caspian Sea ecosystem were estimated for its ten water areas with the use of a mathematical model describing the transformation of compounds of organogenic elements (C, Si, N, and P) and taking into account the morphometric characteristics of the water areas and long-term mean monthly values of the major characteristics of the aquatic environment. Variations in the estimated concentrations of mineral and aggregated biogenic substance fractions, microorganism biomasses (heterotrophic bacteria, three phytoplankton groups and two zooplankton groups) in different water areas of the sea were analyzed. The formation conditions of microorganism biomasses in different water areas are characterized by the analysis of their bioproductivity estimates based on evaluated internal biogenic substance fluxes. 相似文献
3.
Methods of systems analysis and mathematical modeling are used to generalize hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological observational data with the aim to study the biohydrochemical conditions of organic and biogenic substance transformations in eight water areas in the White Sea. A hydroecological model describing transformations of N, P, and Si compounds and dissolved organic C, as well as the regime of O2 was used as a means of the study. Water exchange between water areas was evaluated using a hydrodynamic model. Averaged data on annual variations in water temperature, illumination, and transparency, as well as run-off characteristics (water flow in river mouths and organic and biogenic matter concentrations in the river water entering the sea) were used to calculate the dynamics of organic and mineral compounds of nutrients in different areas of the sea. The principal attention is paid to the verification of the model against field observational data, assessment of the biomass development conditions of aquatic animals, analysis of model results regarding the turnover time of organic and mineral components, and the evaluation of balances of organic dissolved and particulate N and P forms.__________Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 4, 2005, pp. 435–451.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Leonov, Filatov, Chicherina. 相似文献
4.
Normal annual data are used to evaluate the within-year variations in the concentrations of biogenic substances (organic and mineral components of N and P, dissolved organic carbon, inorganic Si) in the major tributaries of the Caspian Sea. Variations in the concentrations of biogenic substances are analyzed, the relationships between their mass concentrations in individual months are evaluated, and correlation between the organic and mineral components of N and P and their aggregated fractions are established. The obtained high-significance correlation between the concentrations of N and P components suggests that the rates of biochemical processes of biogenic substance transformation taking place in the water of tributaries are commensurable. 相似文献
5.
The data collected for model calculations is systematized for natural and design conditions. The natural conditions did not take into account the effect of the complex of water-protection structures on the hydrological regime of Neva Bay and on the biogenic load onto this water area, while the design conditions, conversely, reflected the possible impact of those structures on the hydrology and ecology of the area. Numerical experiments were used to study the processes of transformation of N and P compounds and the dynamics of dissolved O2 in Neva Bay water area. In the comparison of the calculated and observed concentrations of biogenic substances, Theil criterion was evaluated to assess the adequacy of the model in reproducing the concentration fields of the distribution of biogenic substances over Neva Bay water area. The major qualitative and quantitative features of the formation of the spatial heterogeneity and the time variations in the concentrations of biogenic element compounds over Neva Bay water area are identified. Possible improvements of the model in the reproduction of the complex of processes that are of particular importance for the development of substance transformations in shallow ecosystems are considered. 相似文献
6.
The state of the marine environment (the temperature, light intensity, transparency, biogenic load) in Tatar Strait was assessed
based on mean annual data from literary sources and with the use of GIS “Sakhalin Shelf.” The entire strait was divided into
three regions (northern, southwestern, and southeastern), and water exchange between them for each month was estimated by
using Bergen Oceanic Model. The information about the state of the marine environment and water exchange characteristics was
used as input data for a hydroecological model, which enabled the assessment of annual variations of biogenic substance concentrations
and biomasses of microorganisms (heterotrophic bacteria, three groups of phytoplankton, and two groups of zooplankton) in
the strait regions chosen. The development conditions of microorganism biomasses within the year can be characterized by their
activity indices (specific growth rates), the values of internal fluxes of biogenic substances, and calculated bioproductivity
values. The calculated biogenic substance concentrations and phytoplankton bioproductivity values showed good agreement with
the estimates for the Sea of Japan and Tatar Strait available from the literature. 相似文献
7.
A mathematical model based on average long-term data on water temperature, illumination, transparency, and nutrient content is used to calculate annual variations in the concentrations of organic and inorganic fractions of nutrients (C, N, Si, and P) in ten water areas in the Caspian Sea. The eutrophication of sea environment is examined with special emphasis on the increase in the biomass of aquatic animals (in particular, phyto- and zooplankton), the rate and duration of periods of plankton blooming, and changes in the conditions of nutrient limiting of primary production processes in different parts of the sea. Relationships between the inorganic components of N and P in river runoff and sea water areas are established. The obtained Nmin/DIP ratios show P primary production to be limited in the zone of influence of the Volga runoff, P and N primary production to be limited in other northern parts of the sea, and N primary production to be mainly limited in the middle and southern parts of the sea. 相似文献
8.
Mathematical modeling is used to study the conditions of natural biotransformation of biogenic element compounds (containing C, N, P, Si) in five areas within Aniva Bay. The input data for the model are evaluated with the use of GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” and the available reference literature on the bay oceanography. Water masses that transferred through the boundaries between the areas were evaluated based on the values of water level, river runoff, atmospheric precipitation, evaporation, and the volume of water in the bay, all of which vary as a result of water heating. The model was used to evaluate annual variations in the concentrations of organic and mineral fractions of these elements and the biomasses of planktonic organisms for the five areas in the bay. Modeling results also allowed the assessment of biogenic substance input with river runoff into Lososei Bay. Based on the internal fluxes of substances, the monthly and annual aquatic animal production was evaluated. 相似文献
9.
A. V. Leonov V. M. Pishchal’nik V. S. Arkhipkin O. V. Chicherina 《Water Resources》2010,37(4):528-564
This study has no analogues in terms of methodology, as it uses three electronic instruments for studying the oceanographic
regime of Tatar Strait. GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” was used to reconstruct annual variations in hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics
of the marine environment at standard horizons of oceanographic stations in fixed geographic coordinates. An adapted version
of the Oceanic Model created in Bergen University was used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal distribution of seawater
temperature and salinity, to calculate the density and the circulation rate of water masses and water exchange parameters
between the strait and nearby water areas and between regions within the strait. The hydroecological CNPSi-model was next
used to assess the annual dynamics of concentrations of biogenic element compounds; the biomasses, biohydrochemical activity,
and bioproductivity of microorganisms (heterotrophic bacteria, three phytoplankton and two zooplankton groups), involved in
transformation of biogenic substances, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances, governed by microorganism activity
and the external load onto the marine ecosystem. Analysis of calculation results made it possible to reveal new features in
water circulation in the strait (including those for winter) and, for the first time, to analyze the transport regime of biogenic
substances through the external boundaries of Tatar Strait and through the boundaries of three regions identified within the
strait. 相似文献
10.
The transformation conditions of oil hydrocarbons in water are considered for the case of Karkinitskii Bay, the Black Sea, where gas deposits have been developed actively in recent years and oil product pollution of marine environment has been recorded repeatedly. Data on measured oil hydrocarbon concentrations, their input into the northwestern part of the Black Sea, and experimental estimates of oil decomposition in the marine environment are presented. The biotransformation conditions of oil hydrocarbons are simulated by reproducing the biochemical activity of microflora and effecting substrate consumption processes, metabolic product excretions, and biomass decay. These processes maintain the biogenic substance turnover in water environment. The calculations are based on the morphometric characteristics of Karkinitskii Bay, and mean long-term data on the monthly dynamics of marine environmental characteristics (temperature, light intensity, transparency, atmospheric precipitation, and the characteristics of water regime and Danube runoff). A check calculation was performed to reproduce the concentration dynamics of biogenic substances and oil products with allowance made for the effect of river runoff and background pollution of the marine environment. The numerical scenarios take into account the marine environmental pollution conditions (an immediate discharge of 1000, 500, or 200 t of oil products per week) in winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The obtained model estimates of the rates of oil product decomposition and oxygen consumption are shown to agree well with experimental data. The time required for the concentration of oil products to reach the MAC after pollution of the marine environment is estimated. 相似文献
11.
Results of comprehensive experimental hydrophysical and hydrochemical studies of deep-sea municipal wastewater discharge to the marine environment are presented. Relationships between variations in the rates of physical dilution, destruction of unstable organic matter contained in municipal wastewater, and utilization of biogenic compounds by phytoplankton are determined. The contribution of physical dilution and utilization of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and phosphates to the process of marine environment self-purification is estimated for different depths of wastewater discharge. 相似文献
12.
The conditions of transformations of biogenic substances and the redistribution of their concentrations in the shelf water
of Sakhalin Island are studied. Preliminary works have given the results for the water area of La Perouse Strait and Aniva
Bay (the Sea of Okhotsk), while this paper gives such results for Tatar Strait (the Sea of Japan). Three electronic instruments
of oceanographic studies are applied: an adapted version of Bergen Oceanic Model (for the reconstruction of the space and
time distribution of seawater temperature, salinity, and density; the circulation intensity of water masses; and water exchange
parameters with nearby water areas and within the strait); GIS “Sakhalin Shelf” (for the reconstruction of annual variations
in thermohaline characteristics on a standard grid and horizons of oceanographic stations, and the parameters of the aquatic
environment); hydroecological CNPSi-model (for studying the annual dynamics of biogenic element compounds, the biomasses,
biohydrochemical activity and bioproduction of microorganisms—bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton, taking part in transformation
of biogenic substances and petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as the internal fluxes of biogenic substances governed by the activity
of microorganisms and the external load on the marine ecosystem). The results of modeling the spatial transport of biogenic
substances through the outer boundaries of Tatar Strait water area and the boundaries of the three areas identified within
it are presented and discussed. 相似文献
13.
L. M. Sorokovikova G. I. Popovskaya I. V. Tomberg N. V. Bashenkhaeva 《Water Resources》2009,36(4):443-452
Specific features of the concentration dynamics of biogenic substances, organic C, and phytoplankton in the lower reaches of the Selenga and its delta branch are identified. The quantitative and qualitative changes in these components are demonstrated for the conditions of extremely low water abundance. High correlation was shown to exist between variations of the concentrations of nitrate N, mineral P, and phytoplankton biomass. 相似文献
14.
The use of a mathematical model, describing the transformations of organic and mineral compounds of C, Si, N, and P for the generalization of hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological data on nine regions in the White Sea is demonstrated. The regions examined include the head of Kandalaksha Gulf, Dvina Gulf, Mezen Gulf, Onega Bay, the Solovetskie Islands’ area, the central, deep-water part (or Basin), Gorlo, Voronka, and the Chupa Estuary. The results of modeling the transformations of biogenic substances in the water areas of the Chupa Estuary, and other gulfs and bays in the White Sea are compared and analyzed. Calculated variations in the concentrations of biogenic substances and detritus, microorganism biomasses, characteristics of their activity (specific growth rates and biomass turnover times) within a year are presented and discussed. The estimated characteristics are shown to agree with observational data. Particular attention is paid to estimating the organic matter production rates by phytoplankton and calculating balances of biogenic compounds in the Chupa Estuary. 相似文献
15.
The available observational data on variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations in White Sea tributaries and in individual parts of the sea are analyzed, and the contributions of different external sources to marine environment pollution are evaluated. The results of calculations are used to determine the possible total input of hydrocarbons from additional potential sources—internal natural (production by microorganisms) and external anthropogenic (navigation and sea shipping), which are most active in the summer and autumn. The hydroecological CNPSi-model is used to reproduce the processes of pollution of nine areas in the White Sea by oil hydrocarbons and their subsequent biodegradation in the marine environment. The annual dynamics of hydrocarbon concentrations was calculated using the long-term annual observations of monthly variations of the temperature, light intensity, and transparency of water, data on the morphometry of sea areas (the squares, mean depths, and water volumes) and water exchange between the chosen areas, calculated by a hydrodynamic model. For large bays (Dvina, Kandalaksha), the calculated concentrations of oil hydrocarbons are shown to be in agreement with the available estimates (the mean and maximal concentrations). The annual variations of oil hydrocarbon concentrations; the biomasses, oxidation activity and bioproduction characteristics of oil hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria are characterized. The calculated internal fluxes of oil hydrocarbons (the inputs from different sources, horizontal transport, and biotransformation) were used to calculate their annual balances for individual areas and the sea as a whole, showing the balanced character of their fluxes with the total balance discrepancies for individual areas varying within 0.3–4.1%. 相似文献
16.
Cristiana Guerranti Stefania Ancora Nicola Bianchi Guido Perra Emiliano Leonida Fanello Simonetta Corsolini Maria Cristina Fossi Silvano Ettore Focardi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), widely used for their hydro-oil repellent properties, are almost non-degradable in the environment; there is scientific evidence that indicate bioaccumulation. They represent a threat to many organisms, because they are toxic and are endocrine disruptors. Scientific studies have demonstrated the presence of PFCs in blood and liver samples of fish, turtles, birds and mammals of marine ecosystems in different geographical areas. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of PFOS and PFOA in blood samples of the marine turtle Caretta caretta, using a minimally invasive sampling procedure. 49 blood samples of marine turtle, taken from several Italian marine turtle rescue centers, were analyzed. While PFOA was never detected, measurable concentrations of PFOS were found in 15 blood samples; the values show a range from 1.14 ng/g to 28.51 ng/g (wet wt.). No differences between groups of samples taken from different areas were found. 相似文献
17.
The possibility of forming of higher diatomic biomasses in winter in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk water and Aniva Bay is considered. Data of field observations, satellite information, and a mathematical model describing the transformations of compounds of biogenic elements (C, Si, N, and P) are used for this purpose. Field observations confirmed that active microalgae reproduction takes place in the ice of the Sea of Okhotsk. Determinations of their species composition were carried out. The active development of diatoms in winter was confirmed by the analysis of satellite observations during the examination of chlorophyll “a” dynamics on the sea surface. Mathematical modeling yielded quantitative data to characterize the development of diatoms in winter and within the year and interrelated variations in nutrient concentrations and the biomass of planktonic community in Aniva Bay. This is the first analysis of this type for the Sea of Okhotsk. 相似文献
18.
Organochlorine, Heavy Metal and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Pollutant Concentrations in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) Environment: a Review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Past monitoring of heavy metals, organochlorine compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has found that pollutant concentrations are generally low within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and World Heritage Area and are indicative of a relatively unpolluted environment. The exceptions are sites that are adjacent to human activity such as ports and harbours, urban centres and areas adjacent to intensive agricultural activity. These sites have elevated concentrations of a range of pollutants. Concentrations of dioxins have also been found to be elevated in marine park sediments. Elevated pollutant concentrations are generally the consequence of effluent discharge, urban stormwater, and agricultural and industrial runoff. However, a majority of Great Barrier Reef pollutant data are now dated, and contemporary information is required concerning the distribution and impact of pollutants in the Queensland marine environment. The utility of specialized monitoring tools such as biomarkers for tropical marine environments urgently needs to be examined. With this information, appropriate risk assessment and monitoring can be implemented and effective management strategies developed to protect tropical marine ecosystems including the Great Barrier Reef. 相似文献
19.
Elmer Robinson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):372-384
Trace concentrations of highly reactive hydrocarbons of biogenic origin have been proposed for some time as being important in aerosol formation processes in the atmosphere. More recently, assessments of potential photochemical reactions in the troposphere have proposed a role in the atmospheric ozone cycle for hydrocarbons, even for compounds such as methane that had previously been considered nonreactive. An assessment of the atmospheric hydrocarbon reaction system has been limited by a lack of observational information on the nature of conditions in the remote or non-urban atmosphere. Recent data on terpene concentrations and other biogenic hydrocarbon compounds are presented. Data on ethane and acetylene from aircraft samples taken over the north and south Pacific Ocean show concentrations in the 0.5 to 1 /m3 range for ethane and in the 0.05 to 0.3 g/m3 range for acetylene. A concentration gradient is present for these compounds between the northern and southern hemisphere. A rudimentary global concentration pattern for these C2 compounds has been developed on the basis of recent data. 相似文献
20.
G.C. Cripps 《Marine pollution bulletin》1992,25(9-12):266-273
The Antarctic marine environment contains a range of hydrocarbons at low concentrations, which are generally biogenic in origin. All major classes of hydrocarbons have been found in the Antarctic ecosystem. At present, anthropogenic input is very low and difficult to resolve from background levels. Pollution in the Antarctic is limited to only a few sources and although contamination can be locally chronic it is very restricted in extent. To date there have been few studies of hydrocarbon pollution and those available have been patchy in spatial coverage and generally lack time-series data. The low levels of natural hydrocarbons and restricted human activity make the Antarctic ecosystem suitable as an indicator of global hydrocarbon pollution. 相似文献