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本文对太阳射电精细结构这一领域进行了较为详尽深入的调研，发现由于观测仪器技术指标（时间、频率、频率覆盖、偏振、灵敏度等）相对不高，有很多的精细结构，在时间上、在频率上并没有被完全分解开来，或是没有被检测到。对FFS的研究，还处于发现－认识－逐步深化的阶段。观测资料还很单薄。在微波高端（厘米波段），精细结构的观测资料更是很少。另外，对FFS也只是有一个侧重频谱形态的分类。本文利用我国的“太阳射电宽带快速频谱仪”的观测资料，几年来，对微波频段的射电快速精细结构进行了较为深入的研究。主要研究结果有：发现了弱偏振微波尖峰辐射中两个偏振分量之间的时间延迟和偏振反转现象；首次发现了微波（短分米波段）高偏振U型爆发并给出解释；首次发现了厘米波N型和M型爆发并给出解释；首次发现了高偏振微波斑点并给出解释；首次利用甚高频率分辨率频谱仪，通过对大样本的分米波尖峰辐射的统计，给出了更为可靠的、更小的相对带宽的下限；结合高空间分辨率的观测资料，对运动Ⅳ型爆发及其伴生的精细结构作了探讨；对双向电子束的起源及其加速位置进行了研究。 相似文献
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北京天文台１ ．０２ ．０ＧＨｚ 太阳射电频谱仪从１９９４ 年开始观测至１９９８ 年９ 月记录到太阳射电爆发１７１ 个,２ ．６３ ．８ＧＨｚ 太阳射电频谱仪１９９６ 年９ 月投入观测至１９９８ 年９ 月,记录到１４６ 个太阳射电爆发。１９９８ 年４ 月１５ 日太阳射电爆发同时在这两台频谱仪上记录到。这个事件在时间和频率上显示了丰富的幅度和结构的变化。发现了微波Ⅲ型爆发对群,并存在着丰富的快速活动现象。取得了高时间分辨率、高质量的动态谱资料,为研究耀斑各种尺度的时间及空间演化过程提供了丰富的信息。 相似文献
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射电观测是太阳物理和日地空间科学的重要探测手段,尤其是对于太阳爆发过程中的太阳非热粒子加速、发射和传播等过程.迄今,世界各地研制建成了上百台太阳射电望远镜,包括射电流量计、射电动态频谱仪和射电日像仪等.基于技术进步和新的科学设想,人们还在不断提出新的太阳射电望远镜计划.研制新的太阳射电望远镜时,需要考虑观测频率、带宽、时间分辨率、频率分辨率、空间分辨率、偏振精度等设计参数.事实上,过度追求高参数往往会无法实现期望的科学目标.如何合理地选择太阳射电望远镜的参数呢?长期的观测研究发现太阳射电爆发常常可分成一系列从长到短不同时标的爆发过程,其中,尖峰爆发是最小时间尺度的爆发现象,同时也是太阳上目前发现的最小空间尺度上的爆发过程,可看成一种元爆发过程,可能对应于单一的磁场重联和磁能释放.根据太阳射电天文学研究,识别尖峰爆发是对新一代太阳射电望远镜的基本要求.尖峰爆发的时间尺度和空间尺度又是随频率而变化的.从分析不同频段太阳射电尖峰爆发的时间和带宽的标度律来说明如何为新一代望远镜的设计选择合理的参数指标,并提出谱-像结合观测模式,最大程度地保证望远镜科学目标的实现.这种观测模式或将成为未来太阳射电观测的主要方式,对揭示太阳爆发现象中的非热过程的物理本质具有非常重要的意义. 相似文献
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通过分析云南天文台（YNO）0.7～1.5GHz太阳射电频谱仪2000年9月至2001年9月取得的158个射电爆发、发现其中约有65%存在4类不同类型的快速精细结构（FFS）；毫秒类峰辐射、Ⅲ型爆发、准周期脉动，慢漂移结构。给出了其中6个典型精细结构的介绍和相关的初步解释。 相似文献
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微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射是太阳微波爆发中两个主要的精细结构,由于微波段比长波段的情况更复杂,单从形态上很难区分。１９９４ 年Ｉｓｌｉｋｅ ＆ Ｂｅｎｚ 给出１３ＧＨｚ 频带上的各类爆发分类定义,本文参考了其中关于微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射的分类,分析北京天文台２ ．６３ ．８ＧＨｚ 频带上观测到的微波尖峰辐射的精细结构,发现该定义有局限性,重新定义了本波段上的微波Ⅲ型爆发和微波尖峰辐射,并讨论了这种分类定义与设备时间分辨率的关系 相似文献
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耀斑研究的时变结构在射电波段已进入亚秒甚至毫秒级时标。微波段的尖峰辐射有高至10~(15)K的亮温度,硬X射线爆发也可能与电子加速过程有密切关系。1981年5月北京天文台第一次在十厘米波段取得微波爆发毫秒级的精细结构。1983年开始国内联合成立太阳射电爆发高时间分辨率研究课题协调组,并决定建立全国性的观测网。各有关单位设备的配置及计划见表1。该联测网将有从约2厘米波长到21厘米波长的大于10:1的波段覆盖。爆发的不同时标结构可能来自不同的机制,与光学高时间分辨的同时观测可能取得重要的结果,来间接证实精细结构尖峰源的位置。北台正在更新2840MHz的1ms采样设备;研制时间分辨率达约10微秒的十厘米波段多通道偏振计,可以轮流在2600 60MHz及2600-60MHz上相距10MHz的两点上同时接收,预计89年底至90年初投入观测;另一研制的设备为高速采样六厘米波段强度干涉仪,可发现日面上有无角径大于0.01"源的存在。云台已有1420,2840及4000MHz三波段同步观测设备,并将增加2160MHz的设备。紫台将使用13.7毫米波段天线进行高灵敏度的毫米波爆发高时间分辨观测研究。北京大学正在研制21厘米波段快速采样自相关频谱仪。各波段、各种形式的高时间分辨率的观测设备用时间同步系统联系起来。联测网的资料可进行如下研 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2004,169(1):216-241
We modified the MAGMA chemical equilibrium code developed by Fegley and Cameron (1987, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 82, 207-222) and used it to model vaporization of high temperature silicate lavas on Io. The MAGMA code computes chemical equilibria in a melt, between melt and its equilibrium vapor, and in the gas phase. The good agreement of MAGMA code results with experimental data and with other computer codes is demonstrated. The temperature-dependent pressure and composition of vapor in equilibrium with lava is calculated from 1700 to 2400 K for 109 different silicate lavas in the ONaKFeSiMgCaAlTi system. Results for five lavas (tholeiitic basalt, alkali basalt, Barberton komatiite, dunite, and a molten type B1 Ca, Al-rich inclusion) are discussed in detail. The effects of continuous fractional vaporization on chemistry of these lavas and their equilibrium vapor are presented. The predicted abundances (relative to Na) of K, Fe, Si, Al, Ca, and Ti in the vapor equilibrated with lavas at 1900 K are lower than published upper limits for Io's atmosphere (which do not include Mg). We predict evaporative loss of alkalis, Fe, and Si during volcanic eruptions. Sodium is more volatile than K, and the Na/K ratio in the gas is decreased by fractional vaporization. This process can match Io's atmospheric Na/K ratio of 10±3 reported by Brown (2001, Icarus 151, 190-195). Silicon monoxide is an abundant species in the vapor above lavas. Spectroscopic searches are recommended for SiO at IR and mm wavelengths. Reactions of metallic vapors with S- and Cl-bearing volcanic gases may form other unusual gases including MgCl2, MgS, MgCl, FeCl2, FeS, FeCl, and SiS. 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(9)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(10)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2005,173(2):454-468
We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10−6 to 10+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I2 (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F. 相似文献
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Li Xin-nan Zhang Hai-ying Cui Xiang-qun Jiang Zi-bo Zheng Yi Liu Xing-tao Ni Hou-kun 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2012
A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope. 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of Born–Infeld (B–I) phantom model in the ω–ω′ plane, which is defined by the equation of state parameter for the dark energy and its derivative with respect to N (the logarithm of the scale factor a). We find the scalar field equation of motion in ω–ω′ plane, and show mathematically the property of attractor solutions which correspond to ω
φ
∼−1, Ω
φ
=1, which avoid the “Big rip” problem and meets the current observations well.
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In astronomical observations at optical wavelengths, a fast image tracking system can be adopted to reduce the effects of the atmospheric seeing and telescopic tracking error, and therefore improve the observing efficiency. Aiming at the need of astronomical observations, totally 5 kinds of algorithms in two categories were selected to make a comparative study on their accuracies and stabilities under different noise conditions by both numerical experiment and laboratory test. The results indicate that the normalized cross-correlation method and barycenter method have not only a higher accuracy but also a better reliability against interferences, they will be applied to the high-resolution spectrograph of the Xinglong 2.16 m telescope and the scienti?c instruments of the SONG (Stellar Observations Network Group) project, respectively. 相似文献