共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
广州海洋地质调查局用德国产的微型温度传感器和自行研制的重力取样器组装成海底热流探针,并用该设备在中国南海北部开展了海底热流测量,这是国内首次独立开展此项工作,也是我国海洋地质和地球物理调查技术方法的新尝试.通过实测数据分析以及与1985年中美合作获得的西沙海域地热流测量剖面数据对比,表明测量数据可靠并具有良好的一致性.此项工作的成功,将有助于地热流测量工作的深入开展,进而提高我国海底天然气水合物的勘探和海洋地质基础研究的水平. 相似文献
2.
天然气水合物是一种广泛分布于全球、能量密度高、具有极高资源价值的新型清洁能源,因而成为油气勘探界长期研究的热点.本文基于ICGH-9(第九届国际天然气水合物会),结合相关文献资料对天然气水合物地球物理方法及其取得的进展进行综述.内容主要包括地震勘探、海底地震仪(OBS)、地球物理测井、海洋电磁法、地质雷达以及室内声学研究在水合物相关的地质构造(麻坑、泥火山、底辟构造、气烟囱、大型海底滑坡及地质体)、地震识别和处理、地震属性分析与提取技术、天然气水合物及游离气饱和度计算、水合物模拟实验等方面取得的进展.提出地震勘探、地球物理测井技术目前在水合物地球物理勘探中具有勘探精度高、分辨率高等优势,海洋电磁技术因对烃类气体、薄层及薄互层识别困难而逐渐成为了辅助手段,建议在下一步勘探中:①在当前集中于近海底研究的基础上,开展对海底表面、海水甚至海面都进行有效的系统性调查;②建立海洋地震勘探、可控源电磁法、地球物理测井、数据采集、数据处理、数值模拟、异常分析、成像技术等一体化系统;③结合地震、地质、岩性等资料对水合物生产动态进行数值模拟计算,带入储层岩性及地质结构特征参数、储层温压状态参数、水合物藏的储量等参数,结合岩石物理模型、地温梯度参数、水合物相平衡条件以及常规产气速率等,对不同开采方式或者多种方式联合使用情况下,模拟生产对天然气水合物储层的物性影响、引起的环境效应以及最高产气量等多种响应. 相似文献
3.
4.
海底定向测量技术可为海底观测、原位探测和沉积物取样等海洋地质与地球物理调查提供高精度姿态方位信息,进而拓展海洋科学与工程研究领域.本文系统介绍了自主研发海底磁方位仪的工作原理、技术方法.系统误差分析表明,海底磁方位仪的定向精度与其安装环境中的软磁材料对测点位置地球磁场干扰的情况密切相关.本文针对性的提出一套可行的磁补偿试验方法,有效地消除安装环境中软磁材料对整机定向精度的影响.实际案例和典型应用的分析研究表明,在无电器设备的情况下,整机系统定向精度小于1°.而有电器的设备环境中,定向精度在3~5°范围左右,可满足目前海洋地学调查中对方位信息的测量需求. 相似文献
5.
6.
海洋可控源电磁探测方法是目前海洋油气资源勘探和海底地质构造调查中不可或缺的物探手段之一.本文研究的深水拖曳式大功率时频电磁发射与多链缆多分量电磁探测系统,是深水双船拖曳式可控源海洋电磁勘探系统的关键组成部分.发射系统利用深拖缆实现了电能在复杂海洋环境下长距离、大功率和低损耗传输,基于大功率变流拓扑结构攻克了2000 A量级、0.01～16 Hz可控的时频域大电流冲击脉冲发射;接收系统建立了主节点与最多5个从节点的数据链接,单个从节点记录到了三轴正交的电磁场分量以及运动姿态信息.海洋试验表明,深水双船拖曳式海洋可控源电磁勘探系统借助发射系统与接收系统之间的时间同步、时频观测、可变收发距和观测装置等技术优势,显著提升了数据质量和有效的数据数量,为后续处理和反演提供了硬件支撑.经过海上试验,整套系统的技术性能得到多次验证,未来有望在深水油气、天然气水合物和海底硫化物等资源勘查以及海底地质构造调查领域获得广泛应用. 相似文献
7.
近几年在南海东部500～1400m水深范围的126km2深水区块勘探开发项目中,利用深拖工程物探新技术进行了荔湾、流花等深水场址共1800km测线的调查研究.本文研究的流花深水区位于单斜型陆坡带向断阶型陆坡带转折区域,工区内海底陡坡、陡坎、滑塌体、海底峡谷等非常发育,是南海东部深水区具有代表性的典型滑坡区.通过运用深拖新技术的作业方法来解释分析和研究该区的滑坡特征,有效提升资料研究评价的准确性和可靠性,同时提高对该区不稳定性海底的认识,为以后在类似区域进行深水海底灾害地质研究提供参考和借鉴. 相似文献
8.
我国对海洋地质科学的研究是从五十年代末开始,从无到有、从小到大逐步发展起来的。目前,不仅对我国各海区及其沿岸地带进行了调查研究,同时还开展了深海远洋的调查。研究的深度、广度和精度也日益提高,为了进一步交流海洋沉积作用(包括海岸沉积过程)、海底、海岸浅层地层学的研究成果以及新技术方 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(2)
陆架浅水区是我国海洋油气勘探的主战场.对于陆架浅水区地震资料,自由表面多次波为主要的多次波类型.浅水区自由表面多次波能量强、周期短、阶次高,近偏移距处直达波和海底反射难以区分的特点使得基于反馈迭代的自由表面多次波压制方法或是基于多次波周期性的预测反褶积方法应用效果不佳.本文将自由表面多次波分为水层(海面和海底间)多次波和非水层多次波.对于水层多次波,使用确定性水层多次波压制方法,该方法能够适应浅水区较差的近偏移距插值结果.阐述了方法原理及实现过程.在水层多次波压制后切除海底,使用传统的反馈迭代多次波压制方法来压制非水层自由表面多次波.来自东海陆架盆地的实际数据处理结果表明这一处理思路能较好地压制自由表面多次波,有助于提升陆架浅水区地震资料的成像质量. 相似文献
10.
11.
Ocean surface waves are the dominant temporally and spatially variable process influencing sea floor sediment resuspension along most continental shelves. Wave-induced sediment mobility on the continental shelf and upper continental slope off central California for different phases of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events was modeled using monthly statistics derived from more than 14 years of concurrent hourly oceanographic and meteorologic data as boundary input for the Delft SWAN wave model, gridded sea floor grain-size data from the usSEABED database, and regional bathymetry. Differences as small as 0.5 m in wave height, 1 s in wave period, and 10° in wave direction, in conjunction with the spatially heterogeneous unconsolidated sea-floor sedimentary cover, result in significant changes in the predicted mobility of continental shelf surficial sediment in the study area. El Niño events result in more frequent mobilization on the inner shelf in the summer and winter than during La Niña events and on the outer shelf and upper slope in the winter months, while La Niña events result in more frequent mobilization on the mid-shelf during spring and summer months than during El Niño events. The timing and patterns of seabed mobility are addressed in context of geologic and biologic processes. By understanding the spatial and temporal variability in the disturbance of the sea floor, scientists can better interpret sedimentary patterns and ecosystem structure, while providing managers and planners an understanding of natural impacts when considering the permitting of offshore activities that disturb the sea floor such as trawling, dredging, and the emplacement of sea-floor engineering structures. 相似文献
12.
Costas Dounas Ian Davies George Triantafyllou Panayota Koulouri George Petihakis Christos Arvanitidis George Sourlatzis Anastasios Eleftheriou 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
Disturbance of the seabed resulting from bottom trawling affects ecosystem processes, such as the rate and magnitude of nutrient regeneration. The potential responses of the plankton community arising from such effects can be modelled, provided that reliable data on the effects on nutrient fluxes are available. In a north Cretan outer continental shelf and upper slope fishing ground (Heraklion Bay, Crete, Eastern Mediterranean) we applied a new field instrument which can simulate the passage of trawl groundropes across the sea floor and made direct seasonal measurements of the rate of dissolved and particulate nutrient releases resulting from seabed disturbance. These observational data were then integrated in a 3D ecosystem model. Results revealed that bottom trawling may trigger off considerable productivity pulses, in addition to pulses from the natural seasonal cycle. 相似文献
13.
The inner shelves of active, energetic continental margins are frequently defined as regions of sediment segregation and fine-sediment bypassing. The Waiapu River, North Island, New Zealand presents an opportunity to study fine-sediment segregation and strata formation in a spatially constrained, highly energetic, aggradational setting, with one of the highest sediment yields on earth. We present evidence that the inner shelf of the Waiapu River plays a significant role in both the fate of fine-grained (<63 μm) riverine sediments and the formation of continental margin stratigraphy. Results obtained from high-resolution interferometric bathymetry and high-frequency seismic mapping ground-truthed by cores show significant stratigraphic spatial variation preserved on the Waiapu inner shelf. This spatial variation is likely controlled by spatially-distinct sediment deposition and resuspension processes as well as antecedent geology. Two distinct depositional regions are interpreted as: (1) surface plume-dominated with partial resuspension, characterized by acoustically transparent seismic reflection profiles and muddy sands; and (2) event-layer dominated, characterized by thickly laminated sediments. A modern-day bathymetric low overlying an observed paleochannel may influence the fate of hyperpycnal flows transiting the shelf via bathymetric steering. Fining-upward sequences found over the entire shelf are interpreted to represent deforestation-induced sedimentation that has overwhelmed the ability of the energetic system to resuspend and segregate fine sediments. We conclude that the primary control on strata formation on the inner shelf of the Waiapu River is local sediment supply. 相似文献
14.
Dispersal of Mississippi and Atchafalaya sediment on the Texas-Louisiana shelf: Model estimates for the year 1993 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kehui Xu Courtney K. HarrisRobert D. Hetland James M. Kaihatu 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(15):1558-1575
A three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic-sediment transport model for the Texas-Louisiana continental shelf was developed using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and used to represent fluvial sediment transport and deposition for the year 1993. The model included water and sediment discharge from the Mississippi River and Atchafalaya Bay, seabed resuspension, and suspended transport by currents. Input wave properties were provided by the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model so that ROMS could estimate wave-driven bed stresses, critical to shallow-water sediment suspension. The model used temporally variable but spatially uniform winds, spatially variable seabed grain size distributions, and six sediment tracers from rivers and seabed.At the end of the year 1993, much of the modeled fluvial sediment accumulation was localized with deposition focused near sediment sources. Mississippi sediment remained within 20-40 km of the Mississippi Delta. Most Atchafalaya sediment remained landward of the 10-m isobath in the inner-most shelf south of Atchafalaya Bay. Atchafalaya sediment displayed an elongated westward dispersal pattern toward the Chenier Plain, reflecting the importance of wave resuspension and perennially westward depth-averaged currents in the shallow waters (<10 m). Due to relatively high settling velocities assumed for sediment from the Mississippi River as well as the shallowness of the shelf south of Atchafalaya Bay, most sediment traveled only a short distance before initial deposition. Little fluvial sediment could be transported into the vicinity of the “Dead Zone” (low-oxygen area) within a seasonal-annual timeframe. Near the Mississippi Delta and Atchafalaya Bay, alongshore sediment-transport fluxes always exceeded cross-shore fluxes. Estimated cumulative sediment fluxes next to Atchafalaya Bay were episodic and “stepwise-like” compared to the relatively gradual transport around the Mississippi Delta. During a large storm in March 1993, strong winds helped vertically mix the water column over the entire shelf (up to 100-m isobath), and wave shear stress dominated total bed stress. During fair-weather conditions in May 1993, however, the freshwater plumes spread onto a stratified water column, and combined wave-current shear stress only exceeded the threshold for suspending sediment in the inner-most part of the shelf. 相似文献
15.
Recent research on the Mississippi margin indicates notable seasonal variation in seabed dynamics. During years with minimal tropical-system activity, sediments initially deposited from late spring to early fall are remobilized by wind-driven currents and wave energy during extra-tropical weather systems in the winter. This research reveals the profound significance of tropical cyclones on Louisiana Shelf sedimentation. The amount of material delivered to and advected across the shelf by recent tropical cyclones is considerably larger than that related to winter storm systems. In Fall 2004, the river-dominated shelf of Louisiana was impacted by three tropical systems in less than a month, including Hurricane Ivan. Ivan, with maximum sustained winds in excess of 74 m s−1 (144 knots) and a minimum measured central pressure of 910 mbar, was the eighth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record at the time. In order to assess the impact these tropical systems had on the continental margin west of the Mississippi delta, seabed samples were collected from box cores in October 2004 and analyzed for particle-reactive radionuclides 234Th, 7Be, and 210Pb. Radiochemical data and observations from X-radiographs indicate event-driven sediment deposits ranged from 4 to 30 cm on the shelf and 2–6 cm in the Mississippi Canyon. These deposits exhibit distinct radiochemical signatures and differ visually and texturally from the underlying sediment. The well-developed physical stratification and graded nature of the deposits observed in core X-radiographs suggests that the sediment could have been deposited from sediment-gravity flows. Inventories of 7Be and 7Be/234Thxs ratios reveal this series of cyclones transported considerably more material to the outer shelf and slope than periods of minimal tropical-system activity. When compared to seasonal depositional rates created by winter storms, tropical-cyclone-related event deposits on the middle and outer shelf are up to an order of magnitude greater in thickness. The number and thickness of these event deposits decrease with distance from the delta and suggest that only the most severe tropical systems are likely capable of redistributing significant quantities of sediment to more distal portions of the shelf and slope. These severe-event-driven deposits may account for as much as 75% of the sediment burial budget on decadal time scales within Mississippi Canyon. Higher than average tropical cyclone activity, predicted by the National Hurricane Center over the next decade, may be the major mechanism controlling sediment transport and deposition on the Mississippi River continental shelf and in Mississippi Canyon. 相似文献
16.
《Continental Shelf Research》2007,27(3-4):475-488
Across a limited depth range (5–10 m) on many continental shelves, the dominant sediment size changes from sand to mud. This important boundary, called the sand–mud transition (SMT), separates distinct benthic habitats, causes a significant change in acoustic backscatter, represents a key facies change, and delimits more surface-reactive mud from less surface-reactive sand. With the goal of improving dynamical understanding of the SMT, surficial sediments were characterized across two SMTs on the Adriatic continental shelf of Italy. Geometric mean diameter, specific surface area (SSA), mud fraction (<63 μm) and heavy metal concentrations were all measured. The SMT related to the Tronto River is identified between 15 and 20 m water depth while the SMT associated with the Pescara River varies between 15 and 25 m water depth. The sediment properties correlate with a new, process-based sedimentological parameter that quantifies the fraction of the sediment in the seabed that was delivered as flocs. These correlations suggest that floc dynamics exert strong influence over sediment textural properties and metal concentrations. Relative constancy in the depth of the SMT along this portion of the margin and its lack of evolution over a period during which sediment input to the margin has dramatically decreased suggest that on the Adriatic continental shelf energy is the dominant control on the depth of the SMT. 相似文献
17.
18.
南海北部陆缘反“S”型构造带及其对地震活动的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过地形—地貌、断裂构造、地壳结构、中新生代沉积盆地、第四纪地质特征等分析,认为南海北部陆缘存在滨岸岛链、陆坡北缘和陆坡南缘三条反“S”型构造带,它们形成于晚第三纪,较“新华夏系”和“南海系”晚。上新世末期以来,反“S”型构造带的活动方式,对南海北部陆缘第四纪地质特征影响显著,同时控制了这一区域的地震活动方式和地震带展布,其中,“滨海地震带”和“雷琼地震带”同属于滨岸岛链带,“台西滨外地震带”和“东沙—海南地震带”同属于陆坡北缘带。 相似文献
19.
New imagery of ～14 100 km2 of seafloor along a 640 km stretch of the Alaska and Beaufort margins (ABM) in water depths from 250 to 2800 m depicts a repetitive association of glaciogenic bedforms (lineations and iceberg scours), broad erosional bathymetric features and adjacent downslope turbidite gullies. These bedforms have styles, depths and orientations similar to features discovered earlier on the Chukchi Borderland, up to 800 km northwest of the ABM. Lineations occur across the surface of a flattened bathymetric bench interpreted to have formed by an ice shelf sliding along the continental slope and scraping the seafloor at temporary grounding locations. The glacial geology of surrounding areas suggests that an ice shelf probably flowed from the mouths of overdeepened glacial troughs in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago westward along the ABM and across the Chukchi Borderland. This curved pathway indicates an obstruction to ice flow in the central Canada Basin, possibly caused by either a basin‐wide ice shelf or by a pile‐up of mega‐bergs originating from the Eurasian side of the Arctic Ocean. The ice shelf that affected the ABM may have formed between Oxygen Isotopic Stage 4 to 5b, possibly correlating to an inferred intra‐Stage 5 widespread Beringian glaciation. Evidence for glaciogenic features on the ABM corroborates suggestions that large ice volumes and extents existed in the Arctic during Pleistocene glacial periods. These findings have far‐reaching implications for Arctic climate studies, ocean circulation, sediment stratigraphy and the stability of circum‐Arctic continental ice masses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
《Continental Shelf Research》2007,27(3-4):489-505
Sediment accumulation over the past century on the continental shelf near the Po delta varies with distance from the most active distributary channels. Near the Pila and Goro distributaries, sediment accumulation is rapid (1–4 cm yr−1) and occurs in pulses. In these areas, the seabed is dominated by physical sedimentary structures that can be related to flood sedimentation. Between the two distributaries and in the southern portion of the dispersal system, sediment accumulation is slower (rates reach a minimum of 0.23 cm yr−1 at ∼50 km from the Pila mouth) and steady-state, reflecting more continuous dispersal of sediment during non-flood periods. Sedimentary strata in these locations are composed of finer (clayey silt), mottled sediment. The similarity in the spatial distribution of long-term (100-yr) sediment accumulation to deposition resulting from the 2000 flood event suggests that the Po shelf is flood-dominated.About half of the sediment delivered by the Po River on a 100-yr time scale can be accounted for in the seabed deposit within ∼50 km of the Pila mouth. The remaining sediment is likely transported southward by the prevailing circulation, and this sediment coalesces with inputs from the Apennine Rivers. 相似文献