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1.
通过对粉土中混凝土单桩竖向静载荷的模型试验,分析了在桩周土堆载条件下,端承桩、摩擦端承桩在桩周土含水率变化时,桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力的变化规律及不同土层的沉降、“中性点”位置和下拽力的变化。研究发现,摩擦端承桩“中性点”位置随桩周土含水率、堆载等级的变化而变化,在最优含水率附近,土层的下陷量较大,致桩体沉降量也大,故“中性点”的位置会有所上升;随着桩周土堆载的增大,桩周土对桩侧的下拽力也增大,桩体进一步下陷,使桩土相对位移反而减少,“中性点”有所上升。 相似文献
2.
The present study investigates the increasing in ultimate pile capacity and studied the soil plugging phenomenon and the incremental filing ratio for a modified type of open-ended pipe pile. The modification performed by adding steel plates as wings with special dimensions and fixed on the exterior face of the pipe pile wall at a location near the pile tip with specified dimensions. Five wings have used for each new model of pipe pile. These wings distributed in equal spacing along with the circumstances of the exterior wall of the open-ended pipe piles. The efficiency of the proposed type studied by modelling and manufacturing twelve piles (40 mm diameter, L/D = 15 and L/D = 20). Complete setup manufactured for installing and loading the piles in a constant rate of penetration. The model piles installed in poorly graded loose dry sand. The obtained results show that the proposed type has a higher ultimate bearing capacity. The percentage of increase reaches more than 50%. The development of the load capacity is due to the three effects. The first is increases of the exterior shaft friction, and the second effect creates a new end-bearing capacity under the constrained soil between the exterior wings. And the third effect is developing the end-bearing capacity under the soil plug inside open-ended pipe pile due to the first and the second effects. 相似文献
3.
With a rigid pile assumption, the equivalent top–down load–settlement curve constructed from the results of a bidirectional or bottom–up pile load test does not fully consider the total elastic shortening when all the load components from skin-friction and end-bearing are applied downward at the pile head. In effect, the equivalent curve constructed by the original method suggested from the Osterberg test showed a much stiffer curve compared to the top–down curve. Design charts are provided in this paper from the results of a parametric study on bored piles in order to approximately evaluate the λ-factor that is used to estimate the top–down pile shortening from the bottom–up shortening due to the skin-friction component of the load. It has been shown that the λ-factor varies with the distribution of the undrained shear strength profile, pile slenderness ratio, and mobilization of the skin-friction resistance. In addition, the pile shortening due to the end-bearing load component is added to the top settlements by treating the pile as an elastic column. A modified method for the construction of the equivalent top–down load–settlement curve is presented that considers the elastic pile shortening and validated with the measured top–down load–settlement curve from pile load tests. 相似文献
4.
针对夯实水泥土桩的施工方法,在桩身埋设特制的应变传感器,测定桩身应变。基于试验测试数据,探讨桩身压缩量的计算方法,分析桩身压缩变形的分布规律及其对桩侧摩阻力的影响,并探讨不同桩长、不同水泥掺入比情况下,夯实水泥土桩桩身压缩量及其对承载特性的影响。研究表明,（1）对夯实水泥土桩,桩身压缩主要集中在桩身上部8 d（d为桩径）范围内,且变形速率变化较大,桩身压缩在桩顶位移中占比达80%以上;（2）桩身轴向荷载传递、桩侧摩阻力分布主要发生在此范围内;（3）桩身侧摩阻力分布非常不均匀,上部发挥较为充分,而下部发挥较少;（4）在工程常用水泥掺入比下,桩长大于12 d后,桩长径比和水泥掺入比的变化对桩承载特性影响不显著。 相似文献
5.
通过机场—西华高速大直径超长钻孔灌注桩大吨位竖向单桩静载试验,分析了该地区大直径超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性状以及荷载传递机理。试验结果表明:试桩的Q-S曲线呈缓变型,桩端承载力占总荷载的比例均<10%,即均表现为摩擦桩特性;试桩的侧摩阻力自上而下逐步发挥,侧摩阻力和桩端阻力异步发挥且互相耦合;大直径超长钻孔灌注桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥与土层性质、土层埋深及桩顶荷载水平有关;在高荷载作用下桩侧上部土层摩阻力具有不同程度的软化现象,而中下部土层侧摩阻力具有不同程度的强化现象,甚至即使在最大加载情况下,桩身下部土层的侧摩阻力也并未完全发挥,因此在根据规范计算超长桩承载力时,不同深度土层的侧摩阻力应乘以相应不同的修正系数。 相似文献
6.
This paper presents the results of field tests performed to investigate the compressive bearing capacity of pre-bored grouted planted (PGP) pile with enlarged grout base focusing on its base bearing capacity. The bi-directional O-cell load test was conducted to evaluate the behavior of full scale PGP piles. The test results show that the pile head displacements needed to fully mobilize the shaft resistance were 5.9% and 6.4% D (D is pile diameter), respectively, of two test piles, owing to the large elastic shortening of pile shaft. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the PHC nodular pile base and grout body at the enlarged base could act as a unit in the loading process, and the enlarged grout base could effectively promote the base bearing capacity of PGP pile through increasing the base area. The normalized base resistances (unit base resistance/average cone base resistance) of two test piles were 0.17 and 0.19, respectively, when the base displacement reached 5% Db (Db is pile base diameter). The permeation of grout into the silty sand layer under pile base increased the elastic modulus of silty sand, which could help to decrease pile head displacement under working load. 相似文献
7.
为了研究黄土地区成孔方式对桩基承载特性的影响,依托永寿至咸阳高速公路工程,对两个试验区4根试桩进行了静载试验,分析研究了不同成孔方式下桩基荷载传递规律。研究结果表明：成孔方式对桩基承载特性影响较大,黄土地区旋挖钻孔灌注桩承载力高于泥浆护壁循环钻孔灌注桩;循环钻孔灌注桩在成孔时需泥浆护壁,桩侧形成的泥皮会严重影响桩侧土体摩阻力的发挥,桩侧极限摩阻力值较小,桩端承担桩顶荷载比例较高;浸水后湿陷性黄土结构破坏,单桩承载力较原始状态有所下降;由于上覆黄土层湿陷量较小,浸水状态下桩侧土体并未产生负摩阻力。 相似文献
8.
利用三维非线性数值方法对一算例在堆载作用下桩侧负摩阻力进行了计算分析。计算结果揭示了摩擦型、端承型桩负摩阻力工作性状的异同;分析了堆载速度、桩顶荷载对负摩阻力的影响:堆载越快,负摩阻力越小;在无桩顶荷载作用下,由负摩阻力引起的下拉荷载最大,可视为常规方法设计的上限值;桩顶荷载与堆载施工顺序对负摩阻力的影响也很大,先施加桩顶荷载,后进行堆载所产生的负摩阻力最大,反之最小。 相似文献
9.
This paper presents a procedure to assess the mobilized pile side and tip resistance versus pile head and tip settlement under axial load in clay soil. The load transfer ( t– z) curve is evaluated at any point on the loaded pile based on the combined pile tip/side resistance–displacement mechanisms along the length of the pile. Unlike current methods that assume the pile settlements as a percentage of the pile/shaft diameter, the presented technique determines the side and tip resistance of the pile and the associated pile settlement under existing load based on the current stress/strain level in the surrounding soil up to failure (excessive settlement). The technique employs the concepts of the elastic theory and Ramberg–Osgood characterization of the stress–strain behavior of the clay soil. Case studies are also presented to exhibit the capabilities of the proposed procedure. The good agreement between measured and calculated load transfer curves along the pile and pile tip resistance versus pile head, side, and tip displacements shows the consistency of the proposed procedure. A computer code is developed to employ the presented technique. 相似文献
10.
湘浏盆地内广泛分布着内陆湖相沉积的白垩系至第三系红层软岩,具有成岩差、易风化崩解等特性,其嵌岩桩的实际工作性状与《建筑桩基技术规范》（JGJ94-94）规定不尽相同。为研究红层嵌岩桩的承载性能、桩身轴力传递规律、桩侧阻力和端阻力的发挥性状,对４根人工挖孔灌注桩进行了单桩静力载荷试验,分别采用滑动测微计和应变计来测试桩身轴力的变化。结果表明,红层嵌岩桩表现为端承摩擦桩特性,Q-s曲线呈缓变型;桩身轴力传递规律和桩侧阻力的发挥与覆盖层厚度、桩长、桩周土性质密切相关;由于红层具有较强的结构性,发挥极限侧阻所需位移仅为2~6mm,测试得到的极限侧阻力远高于规范值,表现出强化效应,使得红层嵌岩桩具有相当大的承载能力,但端阻力和侧阻力并非同步发挥。设计时应采用承载力和变形控制,参数取值应符合桩的荷载传递规律。 相似文献
11.
扩底楔形桩是基于结合常规扩底桩和楔形桩的优点而开发的一种新桩型,能同时提高桩侧正摩阻力和桩端阻力,并能有效降低土体沉降引起的负摩阻力对基桩的影响。简要介绍了扩底楔形桩的受力机制和施工方法;基于FLAC3D有限差分软件,通过针对实际工程的数值模拟验证数值模拟的可靠性,对该新桩型在竖向抗压和负摩阻力特性方面的力学特性进行了初步探讨,并与等体积混凝土的常规扩底桩、楔形桩和等截面桩进行了对比分析;进而研究了桩端土体与桩周土体模量比、楔形角、扩大头直径以及桩体模量等因素对扩底楔形桩力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,同等级地面堆载作用下,扩底楔形桩中桩侧负摩阻力引起的桩顶下拽位移最小、桩身下拽力值介于常规楔形桩和扩底桩两者之间。 相似文献
12.
将均质土和成层土中的单桩桩顶沉降分成桩端力引起的沉降、桩身压缩和桩侧阻力引起的沉降3部分分别计算,获得单桩沉降后,运用等代墩法可获得群桩的平均沉降。单桩沉降计算方法可考虑桩端力与桩端位移的非线性关系和桩侧阻力引起沉降的非线性特性,同时计算方法可考虑桩身压缩对桩顶沉降的贡献。算例分析表明,计算值与实测值和其他方法的计算值有较好的一致性,验证了该方法的合理性。 相似文献
13.
This study explores the potential of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for prediction of the ultimate axial load bearing capacity of piles (P u) using cone penetration test (CPT) data. In this regard, a reliable previously published database composed of 108 datasets was selected to develop ANFIS models. The collected database contains information regarding pile geometry, material, installation, full-scale static pile load test and CPT results for each sample. Reviewing the literature, several common and uncommon variables have been considered for direct or indirect estimation of P u based on static pile load test, cone penetration test data or other in situ or laboratory testing methods. In present study, the pile shaft and tip area, the average cone tip resistance along the embedded length of the pile, the average cone tip resistance over influence zone and the average sleeve friction along the embedded length of the pile which are obtained from CPT data are considered as independent input variables where the output variable is P u for the ANFIS model development. Besides, a notable criticism about ANFIS as a prediction tool is that it does not provide practical prediction equations. To tackle this issue, the obtained optimal ANFIS model is represented as a tractable equation which can be used via spread sheet software or hand calculations to provide precise predictions of P u with the calculated correlation coefficient of 0.96 between predicted and experimental values for all of the data in this study. Considering several criteria, it is represented that the proposed model is able to estimate the output with a high degree of accuracy as compared to those results obtained by some direct CPT-based methods in the literature. Furthermore, in order to assess the capability of the proposed model from geotechnical engineering viewpoints, sensitivity and parametric analyses are done. 相似文献
14.
钙质砂属于岩土工程中一种特殊的岩土材料,除具有颗粒形状不规则、易破碎等特征,还具有胶结性。针对钙质砂具有胶结性的地质现状,通过室内模型试验研究了胶结钙质砂地层中钢管桩的承载能力、沉降情况及其影响因素,同时与未胶结钙质砂中的桩基承载特性进行了对比。研究结果表明：与未胶结钙质砂中的钢管桩相比,胶结钙质砂的相对密实度对桩基承载力影响程度明显减弱,桩的承载形式依然表现为端承桩,随着钙质砂胶结程度的提升,桩端阻力承载占比越来越高;胶结程度较高的钙质砂地层中桩身侧摩阻力发挥存在异步过程,这是因为桩基沉降时桩身下部破坏砂层形成了更为紧密的新接触面,该接触面对桩身的径向膨胀更为敏感;胶结钙质砂中桩基 q s-S u 线没有出现明显的硬化阶段,与未胶结钙质砂地层中桩基的 q s-S u多段折线变化规律不同,胶结钙质砂地层中桩基的 q s-S u曲线更为接近双曲线线型。 相似文献
15.
静压桩侧阻力的实质是桩-土之间的摩擦,但其机制研究并未使用目前成熟的摩擦学理论。系统地介绍了摩擦学中黏着摩擦机制和变形摩擦机制,进而利用其分析解释静压桩桩-土界面的滑动摩擦机制,并得到较好的效果,为桩侧摩阻力的研究提供了新的思路。研究结果表明,桩-土之间的干摩擦是外摩擦;沉桩过程中桩-土之间的滑动摩擦是泥浆润滑下的湿摩擦,从而使桩侧阻力远小于载荷试验时的桩侧阻力;沉桩停顿使压桩力急剧增大的主要原因是：泥浆润滑膜的消失使桩-土之间的摩擦从湿摩擦变为干摩擦;载荷试验在桩破坏前桩-土之间的摩擦是干摩擦;桩端附近桩侧阻力强化的主要原因是：桩端土的强度提高引起桩端附近切向力的增大,从而导致桩-土之间摩擦系数提高。 相似文献
16.
为了研究抗拔桩在循环加载过程中桩身的性状,选取杭州萧山某工地两根抗拔桩作为试桩进行循环加载试验。在抗拔桩桩身埋设钢筋应力计,测量循环加载过程中桩身应力的变化情况;在桩身预埋钢管,测量桩顶及桩端上拔量。通过对桩身应力及桩顶、桩端上拔量的分析,研究循环加载对抗拔桩承载力及上拔量的影响。综合分析抗拔桩承受循环荷载时的桩顶、桩端上拔量、桩身轴力以及桩侧摩阻力分布可知,当抗拔桩承受循环荷载时,且临界循环荷载水平较大（接近或者达到1）,抗拔桩经过2～3次循环加载后就发生破坏,其研究结果可供其他类似工程参考。 相似文献
17.
现有研究采用荷载传递法时均未计算桩体自重,若直接应用于国内软土地区超长桩基的沉降计算,其精度难以满足高速铁路线下工程严格的沉降控制要求。基于佐藤?悟双折线模型提出侧阻荷载传递函数的假定模式,引入桩体自重并对荷载传递法的基本微分方程进行修正和求解,结合降水引起的桩周土体沉降计算和基于端阻弹性模型的桩端土体沉降计算,获得地下水位变化诱发的基桩沉降计算方法;采用理论推导的基桩沉降解析解,并借助嵌入荷载传递函数的有限元方法,分别对单纯桩顶荷载作用和桩顶荷载与降水共同作用两种工况下的桩侧摩阻力、桩体轴力和基桩沉降进行算例对比分析;有限元计算因考虑了由桩体沉降产生的桩周土体附加竖向位移而与理论计算略有偏差,但两种方法计算结果的变化规律基本一致,验证了降水引起的基桩沉降理论计算公式的合理性及正确性。 相似文献
18.
在唐山LNG罐区对9根大直径钢筋混凝土灌注桩进行了竖向荷载现场试验,其中桩端后注浆工艺试桩3根,三岔双向挤扩工艺试桩3根,挤扩支盘工艺试桩3根。基于现场静荷载和桩身应力测试结果,分析了3种不同施工工艺钻孔灌注桩竖向荷载传递规律。试验结果表明：3种不同施工工艺的大直径深长钻孔灌注桩试桩荷载-沉降曲线没有明显拐点,后注浆工艺试桩荷载传递过程表现为摩擦桩的特性,桩侧阻力几乎承担全部荷载,而三岔双向挤扩支盘工艺和挤扩支盘工艺试桩荷载传递过程表现为端承摩擦桩的特性,桩端阻力占总荷载的20%～30%;3种不同施工工艺试桩的轴力及桩-土相对位移变化规律基本相似,桩侧桩端阻力非同步发挥且相互影响,桩侧摩阻力均表现出强化现象。对整个罐区要求单桩承载力特征值不小于8 100 kN。3种施工工艺的钻孔灌注桩承载力均能满足要求。 相似文献
19.
基于郑州三环快速路工程开展的6个场地19根大直径灌注桩现场足尺试验,通过对比分析后注浆桩与未注浆桩实测结果,研究桩端后注浆对大直径灌注桩承载变形性状、荷载传递规律、桩端承载特性及桩侧摩阻力发挥性状的影响。结果表明,桩端后注浆条件下大直径灌注桩承载变形性能明显提高,且提高幅度受注浆龄期影响较为显著;在黄河中下游以中密～密实粉土、粉细砂及可塑～硬塑粉质黏土为主要冲积地层中桩长40 m左右的大直径灌注桩表现为摩擦型桩,但相比于未注浆桩,桩端后注浆桩传递至桩身下部及桩端的荷载更小;桩端后注浆在桩端下形成水泥沉渣坚硬固结体,有效地处理了桩端沉渣问题,且通过渗透劈裂作用,形成深度可达1 m的网状分布的水泥胶结体,加之对桩端土层的压密效应,显著提高了桩端支承性能与承载刚度;桩端后注浆显著提高大直径灌注桩桩侧极限摩阻力发挥水平,并降低了桩侧极限摩阻力对应的桩土相对位移,使得大直径灌注桩在较小的沉降下表现出较高的承载能力。 相似文献
20.
在大桩径、小桩距的群桩条件下,不仅有来自桩侧、桩端和承台传递的多重应力叠加,还有群桩对桩间土的夹持作用影响,桩-土-承台之间作用更加复杂。用有限差分软件模拟固定桩距、桩径,变化竖向荷载下桩-土-承台的相互作用。从各层土的侧摩阻力、不同位置桩的桩顶荷载、荷载-沉降关系、桩间土体位移等方面的计算结果分析桩-土-承台之间的相互影响。结果表明,荷载超出117.8 MN（略大于Pu/2,Pu为群桩极限承载力）后,群桩对上部桩间土的夹持作用开始减小,桩侧上部侧摩阻力增大;桩侧下部侧摩阻力在多重应力叠加作用下呈减小趋势,不同位置的桩侧摩阻力影响范围有差异;用群桩沉降达到5%倍桩径时的荷载作为群桩的竖向极限承载力是可取的;当沉降与桩径的比值超出1%后,承台分担荷载的比例逐渐增大,群桩分担荷载的比例减小。 相似文献
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