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1.
任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法吸取了拉格朗日和欧拉法的优点,避免了常规有限元中拉格朗日方法的网格畸变问题,适用于开口管桩高频振动贯入过程的计算分析。采用ALE有限元方法,建立开口管桩高频振动贯入过程的数值模型,对沉桩过程中挤土效应、桩侧阻力和土塞效应的变化规律进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:挤土应力主要沿径向传播,且深层土体受到的挤土应力比浅层土体大;水平挤土位移随管桩贯入深度的增加而增大,而最大水平挤土位移与管桩贯入深度存在累积效应;挤土效应的影响范围约为10倍管径,因此在施工过程中要给以足够重视;桩外侧摩阻力随贯入深度增加呈近似线性增长,桩内侧摩阻力随贯入深度增加而呈非线性增长,增长速率随贯入深度增加而逐渐增大;管内土塞处于不完全闭塞状态,土塞程度由完全非闭塞向部分闭塞过渡。此外,研究了土体模量、桩土界面摩擦系数、振动频率和桩径对土体位移的影响。 相似文献
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基于天然饱和黏土地基中静压沉桩扩孔问题的弹塑性解,以沉桩结束后桩周土体的应力状态为初始条件,推导了桩周孔压消散的解析解。在此基础上,考虑桩周土体再固结过程中的土体松弛效应,提出了采用有效应力计算天然饱和黏土中静压桩时变承载力的理论方法。通过已有离心模型试验和现场试验结果对该方法进行了验证,研究了沉桩结束后静压桩承载力随固结时间的变化规律。结果表明,提出的理论方法合理考虑了土体的原位力学特性、沉桩效应及沉桩结束后土体有效应力的变化,因而可以较好地预测静压桩的时变承载力。该研究成果为合理确定黏土中静压桩承载力提供了理论依据,具有一定的理论和工程意义。 相似文献
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结合工程实例,介绍软土中压入式沉井的施工技术并研究其对周边环境的影响。对沉井压沉过程中周边土体及管线的监测数据进行分析,结果表明：压沉施工能有效控制沉井的几何姿态,保持下沉速度稳定,但具有一定的挤土效应;沉井下沉初期挤土效应占主导地位,开挖效应随下沉深度的增加逐渐显著;土体水平位移和地表沉降均随沉井下沉深度H的增加而增大;地表沉降呈三角形分布,影响范围约为1.7H;土体分层沉降中,淤泥质粉质黏土的单位沉降量最大;管线沉降可控制在毫米级。基于对无量纲化地表沉降数据的拟合分析,提出了分别采用指数函数和二折线表示的压入式沉井周边地表沉降经验公式,并用工程实例验证了其合理性。 相似文献
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柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基的土压力分配问题研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对桩板墙挡土板的受力变形特征分析,指出桩间采用柔性挡土板时,作用于挡土板上的土压力相对较小。在对比分析拟化简仓法与卸荷拱法的基础上,针对当前挡土板土压力计算中存在的问题,对柔性板桩板墙加固斜坡填方地基展开试验研究,并重点研究桩前、桩后施工挡土板时墙后土压力的分布规律。通过对布置在挡土板上的位移计及预埋的土压力计进行监测,结果表明,挡土板布置在桩前时其挠曲变形及承受的土压力值较小,且桩间土拱效应更易得到发挥。挡土板上土压力自上而下多呈抛物线型分布,而作用于桩背侧的土压力分布相对复杂。通过对桩后布置挡土板的土压力分布规律进行为期21 d的监测,研究了土压力变化的时间效应。 相似文献
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邻近建筑物进行基坑开挖会使桩基产生附加变形和内力,降低其承载能力,如果桩基变形过大会威胁到上部结构的安全。针对该领域目前存在的三维有限元数值模拟法建模复杂且计算耗时的现状,同时为了充分利用基坑围护位移较易通过现场监测技术获取的优势,提出了基于影像源法的基坑开挖引起邻近单桩变形影响的两阶段简化分析方法。同时,引入了Kerr地基模型,并针对Winkler地基模型进行改进,弥补了Winkler地基不能考虑土体连续性的缺陷。在第1阶段基于影像源法,由基坑围护变形计算基坑开挖引起的土体水平自由场位移;第2阶段分别基于Winkler和Kerr地基模型,将土体自由场位移施加于桩基,建立桩基在被动位移扰动下的微分控制方程,得到基坑开挖对邻近桩基影响的简化解析解,包括基坑开挖引起桩基的水平位移、弯矩和剪力等。将计算结果与既有理论结果、监测数据以及三维有限元数值模拟结果进行对比,取得了较好的一致性,其中基于Kerr地基模型的简化解比基于Winkler地基模型的简化解更为精确。该简化方法可为有效分析基坑开挖对邻近桩基的变形影响提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
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A multidirectional semi‐analytical method for analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in multi‐layered elastic strata 
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下载免费PDF全文 A semi‐analytical method for calculating the response of single piles and pile groups subjected to lateral loading is developed in this paper. Displacements anywhere in the soil domain are tied to the displacements of the piles through decay functions. The principle of virtual work and the calculus of variations are used to derive the governing differential equations that describe the response of the piles and soil. The eigenvalue method and the finite difference technique are used to solve the system of coupled differential equations for the piles and soil, respectively. The proposed method takes into account the soil surface displacement along and perpendicular to the loading direction and produces displacement fields that are very close to those produced by the finite element method but at lower computational effort. Compared with the previous method that considered only the soil displacement along the loading direction, accounting for the multi‐directional soil displacement field produces responses for the piles and soil that are closer to those approximated by the finite element method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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分布荷载推力桩计算的p-y曲线法研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提高现有水平梯形分布荷载推力桩设计计算水平,提出了地基系数按非线性土抗力.水平位移(p-y)曲线抗力模式表达的水平梯形分布荷载推力桩位移和内力计算的有限差分数值分析方法,并详细推导了桩身位移的差分格式.基于这些公式,编制了全桩位移、内力及侧土抗力的计算和图形处理程序,可适用于滑坡抗滑桩和深基坑悬臂支护桩的设计计算.结合新型桩型现浇混凝土薄壁管桩(PCC桩)作为滑坡抗滑桩进行对比分析,算例表明:该方法方便可靠.当有限差分段划分得足够小时,可使数值解接近于真实解. 相似文献
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当锚索超出规划红线被越来越严格限制后,双排桩支护的应用已越来越多。实践中发现现有规范方法的双排桩计算模型简单方便,但对于软土地层时存在计算位移不够合理的情况。同时,桩间土简化为压缩弹簧未能充分考虑桩和土柱之间的作用,会使计算位移偏大。为改进这些不足,建议了一个新的土压力模式,即基坑面以下的附加压力看作弹性应力,对两排桩与桩间土的作用增加一个等效土柱刚度,对基坑面以下的桩间土弹簧刚度取压缩刚度和m法刚度的大值,使计算的位移更合理,并与有限元和工程实测结果进行了比较,初步检验其合理性。 相似文献
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提出了砂土中水平受荷单桩的修正应变楔方法。从3个方面对应变楔模型进行了修正,首先假设三维被动土楔后桩身的水平位移呈非线性变化,从而使得楔形体内的水平应变不再是一常量,而是沿深度变化。其次引入了两个双曲线型的模型分别用以模拟楔形体中土体的水平应力增量-应变关系和桩-土界面处桩侧剪应力-位移关系。然后通过算例验证了修正方法的有效性,模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好。最后分析了各个修正因素对计算结果影响,结果显示,非线性位移假设的引入对原应变楔模型计算的水平承载力偏高有明显地改善,新的水平应力增量-应变关系和桩侧剪应力-位移关系的引入使得应变楔方法更加简便有效。 相似文献
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In this study, installation of jacked piles in sand is simulated using Press-Replace Method (PRM) and Material Point Method (MPM) and the results are compared together. This comparison is important because a realistic and yet efficient simulation of installation of jacked piles is an appealing step towards the design and analysis of this type of displacement piles. It is shown that PRM as a method that is founded on small-strain finite element method can produce pile and soil responses that are in a promising agreement with those of MPM which is a finite-deformation analysis method. 相似文献
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A modified strain wedge (SW) method for analyzing the behavior of laterally loaded single piles in sand is proposed. The modified model assumes that the lateral displacements of a pile behind the three-dimensional passive soil wedge are nonlinear, which makes the horizontal soil strain variable with depths instead of a constant value in the original strain wedge model, and also employs two different hyperbolic models, one for describing horizontal stress increment-strain behavior of soil in the wedge, and the other for describing the shear stress-displacement property at the interface between soil and pile shafts. An example is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified method, and a good agreement is obtained. Finally, the effects of modifications on the lateral bearing capacity of pile shafts are discussed. The results show that the problem of overestimating the lateral bearing capacity of piles with strain wedge method can be ameliorated by introducing the assumption of nonlinear lateral displacements of piles. It makes the SW method more convenient and effective in analyzing the behavior of laterally loaded piles by introducing the new relationships of horizontal stress increment-strain and shear stress-displacement. 相似文献
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主要介绍了压桩力与单桩竖向极限承载力的关系,以及利用压桩力估算单桩竖向极限承载力的方法。在试桩阶段,位于饱和软土的摩擦桩,压桩力较低,桩的承载力主要来自土体恢复后桩侧的摩阻力。根据静载荷试验检测结果,用单桩竖向极限承载力除以压桩力,引出一个系数,称为压力比,通过分析比较,得出在昆明地区的正常压力比,静压预制管桩在1.3～2之间,静压预制方桩在2.5～5之间。用压桩力乘以压力比,可以估算单桩竖向极限承载力。还简要介绍了挤土效应和超孔隙水压力对桩的承载力的影响。在工程桩施工时,地层中的土体和孔隙水被挤压,形成孔隙水压力,会产生一个向上的浮力,导致已施工的桩上浮,单桩承载力显著降低。 相似文献
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Rodrigo Salgado 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(15):1605-1635
In recent years, pile jacking has become a viable alternative installation method for displacement piles. Pile jacking produces minimal noise, vibration and air pollution during installation. In addition, it is possible, at the end of jacking, to have a good estimate of the ultimate static capacity of the pile. In this paper, the shaft resistance of piles jacked into sand is studied using one‐dimensional finite element analysis. The finite element simulations, using a two‐surface plasticity model, demonstrate the effects of relative density and confinement on the unit shaft resistance of piles jacked in sand. The impact of the number of jacking strokes on the unit shaft capacity is also assessed. Based on the numerical results, we developed equations for shaft resistance quantifying the effects of relative density, initial confinement and number of jacking strokes. Predictions using these equations are compared with data obtained from centrifuge tests and field tests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Consoli Nilo Cesar Reginato Naiara da Costa Lopes Júnior Luizmar da Silva Rocha Marcelo Maia Faro Vítor Pereira Born Ricardo Bergan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4295-4313
This paper describes the main features related to lateral displacements with depth after successive lateral loading–unloading cycles applied to the top of reinforced-concrete flexible bored piles embedded in naturally bonded residual soil. The bored piles under study have a cylindrical shape, with 0.40-m in diameter and 8.0-m in length. Both bored piles types (P1 and P2) include an embedded steel pipe section in their center as longitudinal steel reinforcements: pile type P1 has another 16 steel rods as steel reinforcement to concrete while pile type P2 has no further steel reinforcement. Pile type P1 has three times as much stiffness (EI) and four and a half times the plastic moment (My) than pile type P2. A similar load–displacement performance was observed at initial loads as for small displacements of both piles. At this initial loading stage, the response of the reinforced concrete piles is a function of the soil characteristics and of a linear elastic pile deformation. During this stage, piles can even be understood as probes for evaluating soil reactions. For larger horizontal displacements, after the concrete section starts undergoing large deformations, approaching the ultimate bending moment, pile behavior and consequently the load–displacement relation starts to diverge for both piles. For pile P1 the values of relevant lateral displacements are extended to about 2.5-m in depth, while for pile P2 lateral displacements are mostly constrained to about 2.0-m in depth. Measurements of horizontal displacements of pile P1 against depth recorded with a slope indicator show that, after unloading, lateral loads at distinct stages (small and near failure loads), exhibits a much higher elastic phase of the system response. An analytical fitting model of soil reaction is proposed based on the measured displacements from slope indicator. The integration of a continuous model proposed for the soil reaction agrees fairly well with the measured displacements up to moments close to plastic limit. Results of load–displacement show that the stiffer pile (P1) was able to mobilize twice as much lateral load compared to pile P2 for a service limit displacement of about 20 mm. The paper shows results that enable the isolation of the structural variable through real scale pile load tests, thus granting understanding of its importance and enabling its quantitative visualization in examples of piles embedded in residual soil sites.
相似文献16.
Mehmet Rifat Kahyaoğlu Gökhan İmançlı Gürkan Özden Arif Ş. Kayalar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(19):656
A catastrophic landslide following a rainy season occurred in the backyard of a school building in Söke, Turkey. The landslide caused property damage and adversely affected the present forest cover. Immediately after the landslide, double-row stabilizing piles were designed and constructed based on the findings of two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses to take an urgent precaution. To remedy the problem, pile displacements were monitored using inclinometers, and it was observed that the measured displacements were greater than the values calculated in the design stage. Accordingly, two different three-dimensional (3D) numerical FE models were used in tandem with the inclinometer data to determine the load transfer mechanism. In the first model, numerical analyses were made to predict the pile displacements, and while the model predicted successfully the displacement of the piles constructed in the middle with reasonable accuracy, it failed for the corner piles. In the second model, the soil load transfer between piles was determined considering the sliding mass geometry, the soil arching mechanism and the group interaction between adjacent piles. The results of the second model revealed that the middle piles with large displacements transferred their loads to the corner piles with smaller displacements. The generated soil loads, perpendicular to the sliding direction, restricted pile deformations and piles with less displacement were subjected to greater loads due to the bowl-shaped landslide. A good agreement between the computed pile displacements and inclinometer data indicates that the existing soil pressure theories should be improved considering the position of the pile in the sliding mass, the depth and deformation modulus of stationary soil, the relative movement between the soil and piles and the relative movement of adjacent piles. 相似文献
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考虑桩土效应的双排桩模型及参数研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
双排桩作为一种新型的深基坑支护结构,目前尚无简单而有效的设计方法。首先,借助Winkler地基梁基本思想,在忽略桩土竖向摩擦效应及空间效应的前提下,对双排桩支护结构力学机制进行分析,建立了考虑桩土效应的双排桩平面杆系有限元模型。接着围绕双排桩平面杆系有限元模型的关键参数土压力分布及弹性抗力系数展开了研究,针对连梁拉力将使传统的坑后土体滑移面临界距离增加特征,利用滑动比例系数法获得了土压力分配规律;针对弹性抗力系数正分析取值不确定性,提出了采用位移反分析优化方法获得弹性抗力参数的取值。最后,根据杆系有限元及反分析中位移最优准则函数的求解步骤,分别编制了doublerowpile及doublerowpileparameter计算程序,并进行了相应的工程计算,工程计算结果表明,计算位移与监测位移趋势一致,计算内力符合规范要求,且能较准确获得弹性抗力系数取值。 相似文献
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静压桩施工过程中,可能会沿桩身形成很大的残余应力。通过在砂性土中1根长约26 m静压桩的原位试验,观测了沉桩结束后的残余应力在后续的循环载荷试验、3根邻桩顺次压入、第2次载荷试验以及较长静置期内的长期变化情况,试验历时约212 d。结果显示,循环载荷试验加载水平与循环次数的增加会造成残余应力的进一步累积。邻桩压入使既有桩残余压应力减小,与邻桩即时贯入深度一致的桩身残余应力测点受其影响最明显。桩身残余应力在长时间内会逐步消散至某一稳定值,其时间效应主要与砂性土的蠕变有关,它使得桩周土的土拱效应减弱,并使桩端土的接触压力减小。 相似文献
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Most analytical or semi‐analytical solutions of the problem of load‐settlement response of axially loaded piles are based on the assumption of zero radial displacement. These solutions also are only applicable to piles embedded in either a homogeneous or a Gibson soil deposit. In reality, soil deposits consist of multiple soil layers with different properties, and displacements in the radial direction within the soil deposit are not zero when the pile is loaded axially. In this paper, we present a load‐settlement analysis applicable to a pile with circular cross section installed in multilayered elastic soil that accounts for both vertical and radial soil displacements. The analysis follows from the solution of the differential equations governing the displacements of the pile–soil system obtained using variational principles. The input parameters needed for the analysis are the pile geometry and the elastic constants of the soil and pile. We compare the results from the present analysis with those of an analytical solution that considers only vertical soil displacements. The analysis presented in this paper also provides useful insights into the displacement and strain fields around axially loaded piles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献