共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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近地表吸收衰减是影响地震资料分辨率的重要因素,而求取准确的近地表品质因子Q值并进行补偿是解决这一问题的关键．为提高近地表Q建模精度,提出了一种利用微测井和地面地震数据初至的近地表Q反演方法．首先采用单尺度Gabor变换,对微测井初至进行时频谱求取,并基于频谱比法的思想求取微测井点处的Q值,然后对地面地震初至进行拾取和等效衰减量求取,以地面地震初至波的等效衰减量为匹配目标,建立微测井Q约束的目标函数,通过反演求解实现近地表Q建模．本方法能够同时借助微测井资料的纵向高精度和地面地震的横向高采样率,建立较为准确合理的近地表Q模型．对实际资料近地表Q建模与偏移补偿测试结果的分析表明,本文方法是正确和有效的． 相似文献
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由于地下介质对地震波振幅的影响和地震波频散因素,地震波振幅和相位随时间、空间及频率的变化而发生改变,本文提出一种基于广义S变换的振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正新方法。该方法在S域中分为振幅谱补偿和相位谱校正两个步骤进行处理:振幅谱补偿是在地震记录可靠频带范围内恢复反射系数的振幅谱,其具体实现是在S域中利用谱模拟技术来拟合时变子波振幅谱,从而补偿由地层吸收所引起的振幅衰减;相位谱校正是消除子波剩余相位的影响,其具体实现是在S域中利用相位扫描来拾取随时间、空间和频率而变化的相位校正量,并由Parsimony准则来进行最佳相位判别。本文方法不需要直接求取Q值,能够适用于变Q值情况。理论模型和实际资料处理表明,该方法不仅能恢复地层反射系数的振幅谱,还可以有效消除子波剩余相位的影响,使子波接近或达到零相位,从而提高地震资料分辨率。 相似文献
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近地表吸收参数反演是吸收衰减补偿的关键和基础.首先,对比不同微测井观测系统,选取适用于近地表品质因子估算的单井微测井资料用于频率依赖性分析.在此基础上,提出了一种新的近地表Q值反演方法——双参数拟合算法,该方法通过引入岩石物理分析得到的Q值与频率的经验函数,通过最小二乘遗传算法直接拟合Q值,用以验证Q随频率的变化关系.接着,在计算近地表衰减曲线的过程中,利用多道组合的方式计算得到各层的衰减曲线,用于不同地层的Q值反演.实际资料拟合结果表明,近地表品质因子Q具有较为明显的频率依赖性,随着频率的增加,Q值不断减小,这为近地表高精度Q值反演提供了新的思路. 相似文献
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利用初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了一种利用常规地震初至波走时速度成像进行近地表静校正的方法。该方法的基础是回折波射线的走时层析成像，它能准确地求出近地表连续速度分布，用浅层速度成像结果能够得到准确的近地表静校正量。文中给出了初至波走时射线层析成像的理论模型试验结果，成像是令人满意的。 相似文献
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复杂近地表散射衰减所有的地面观测波场,形成半随机半相干的近地表强散射噪音背景,弥漫整个炮集,淹没深层反射信号,是导致地震资料极低信噪比的主要原因.如何研究和评价近地表散射强度一直是石油勘探未解决的问题,这与起伏地表的粗糙度、近地表速度横向变化和结构倾角分布密切相关.基于前期复杂近地表边界元法波动方程数值模拟研究,本文提出一种复杂近地表散射振幅矩阵方法来分析近地表散射强度.首先对复杂近地表结构进行边界元配置方法离散,根据边界积分方程生成矩阵方程.我们不求解该矩阵方程(涉及海量计算),只是利用矩阵分析技术来解析矩阵方程中的散射振幅系数矩阵,研究复杂近地表结构对不同频率波场的散射强度.该方法利用边界元对近地表结构几何特征的精确表征,研究起伏地表和非规则地质分界面对地震波传播的影响,由基本解及其在边界上的法向导数经过高斯数值积分计算得到的散射振幅系数矩阵,不仅描述了任意两点之间的相互影响,同时还刻画了边界形状特征的影响,为评价不同地质结构的散射强度提供了可能性.作为初步评价手段,我们采用矩阵元素总和与矩阵维数之比作为表征散射振幅系数矩阵散射特征的标量复杂系数,通过理论和实际模型测试,形成了一套行之有效、计算快速的近地表复杂性分析方法. 相似文献
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静校正和近地表速度建模是地震资料处理的重要组成部分.在近地表复杂区,静校正问题和近地表速度建模问题表现尤为突出.本文利用地震干涉测量在波场重构方面的优势,给出了一种同时避免静校正和近地表速度建模过程的方法,直接由重构的SWP波场来成像高陡构造.文中首先阐述了地震干涉测量的原理,给出了VSP波场向SWP波场重构的数学表达式;接着,采用几种不同的近地表模型,对比VSP波场向SWP波场重构的效果;最后,建立局部速度模型,直接利用重构的SWP波场进行偏移处理,完成高陡构造成像.模型试验结果表明该方法的可行性,有利于实现复杂地表区深层高陡构造的成像. 相似文献
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利用微测井资料对近地表吸收结构进行观测和估算,消除近地表吸收衰减对地震数据分辨率的影响,是近年来高分辨率地震勘探的重要尝试.为提高近地表Q值建模的可靠性,本文结合微测井资料,指出近地表Q值建模的主要问题,就各个影响因素进行了讨论和分析.分析结果表明:震源子波和检波器耦合响应一致性假设并不成立,激发和接收因素差异对近地表Q值建模的影响不容忽视.另外,利用微测井资料进行Q值建模要合理的选取频带范围,避免近场分量对信号低频端的影响.有效的提取高质量的直达波,避免面波、浅层折射波和虚反射等噪声干扰,是近地表Q值建模成功的关键.在此基础上,针对不同的影响因素,提出了相应的解决策略,这对于提高近地表Q值建模的精度具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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由于地面微地震监测台站布设在地表,会受到地表起伏、低降速带厚度和速度变化的影响,降低了微地震事件的识别准确度和定位精度,限制了地面微地震监测技术在复杂地表地区的应用.因此,将三维地震勘探技术的思路引入到地面微地震监测中,提出了三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法,将油气勘探和开发技术更加紧密地结合在一起.根据三维地震数据和低降速带测量数据,通过约束层析反演方法建立精确的近地表速度模型,将地面微地震台站从起伏地表校正到高速层中的平滑基准面上,有效消除复杂近地表的影响.其次,根据射孔数据和声波测井速度信息,通过非线性反演方法建立最优速度模型,由于已经消除复杂近地表的影响,在进行速度模型优化时不需要考虑近地表的影响,因而建立的速度模型更加准确.最后,在精确速度模型的基础上,通过互相关方法求取剩余静校正量,进一步消除了复杂近地表和速度模型近似误差的影响.三维地震与地面微地震联合校正方法采用逐步校正的思路,能够有效消除复杂近地表的影响,提高微地震数据的品质和速度模型的精确度,保证了微地震事件的定位精度,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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甘18井水位观测结果与景泰地震 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甘１８井位于兰州市七里河区崔家崖大滩，于１９８２年起投入地震监测。本文介绍了该井１９８５－１９９３年期间的观测结果，分析了Ｍ２波潮汐因子和水位月均值的动态特征，讨论了黄河水位、降雨和气压对该井水位的可能影响。基于水位月均值残差曲线讨论了该井水位对景泰地震的前兆响应。 相似文献
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The relative time shift of CDP reflections, caused by long period statics, is treated as the result of a filtering process. The shape of the filter is that of a comb having the magnitude and spacing of its teeth determined by the CDP spread geometry. Convolution of a near surface anomaly with a comb filter representing the CDP spread geometry produces the same time fluctuations at CDP reflections (CDP statics) as the stacked traces across the anomaly. Conversely, the near surface time anomaly is given by the convolution of the CDP statics with the inverse of the comb filter. Provided that CDP statics can be separated from noise, dip, and residual normal moveout, it is pcissible to determine long period statics with a relative wavelength of between half a spreadlength and five spreadlengths. The object of this paper is to present the theory and practical applications of the method. Several examples based on synthetic and real data will also be discussed. 相似文献
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自1977年以来,我们先后在白家疃、宝坻和北戴河等地震台设点对大气静电场进行了连续数年的观测和研究,通过与近场地震对比分析发现,大气电位梯度的负异常与近场地震有较好的对应关系。 也就是说,观测期间几乎所有的在测点附近100 km范围内ML4.0和250km范围內ML5.0的地震前均记录到了较大幅度的负电场异常,而在近场地震平静期则无该类异常出现,通过数年的观测和研究我们认为,对大气静电场与地震关系的进一步探讨,有可能找出可靠的地震前兆信息。 相似文献
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Imen Hamdi Nasr Adnen Amiri Mohamed Hédi Inoubli Abdelhmid Ben Salem AbdelHak Chaqui Said Tlig 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(10):1835-1849
Detailed gravity data in conjunction with available surface geology are analyzed to infer the organization of the underlying
structures in Jendouba area. Gravity data analysis benefits from the gravity Bouguer anomaly, upward continuations, residual
distribution, derivatives and Euler deconvolved maps. The main results display a positive amplitude gravity anomaly as the
response of Triassic evaporitic bodies and important NE trending features at the boundaries between the Triassic outcrops
and their enveloping strata. Integration of gravity, geological and structural maps let to the identification of major structural
directions and trends of the study area. It confirms some structural elements gathered from outcrops. It defines also new
ones. 相似文献
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四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。 相似文献
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Correlation between the tilt anomaly on the vertical pendulum at the Songpan station and the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Understanding the relationship between precursory deformation anomalies and strong earthquakes is vital for physical earthquake prediction. Six months before the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake in Qinghai province, China, the vertical pendulum at the Songpan station was observed to tilt southward with a high rate and large amplitude. Studies conducted before the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake inferred the tilt anomaly to be an earthquake precursor. However, after the earthquake, the relation between the earthquake and the anomaly became controversial, partly because the Songpan station is located at a great distance from the epicenter. In this study, based on the deformation anomaly characteristics, relationship between the seismogenic fault and the fault near the anomaly, and associated quantitative analyses, we concluded that this anomaly may be associated with the 2021 MS7.4 Maduo earthquake. The duration and amplitude of this anomaly matched with the magnitude and epicenter distance of the Maduo earthquake. We have also interpreted the reason why the anomaly occurred near a fault that is obliquely intersected with the seismogenic fault and why the anomaly is located far from the earthquake epicenter. 相似文献
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Common studies on the static electric field distribution over a conductivity anomaly use the self-potential method. However, this method is time consuming and requires nonpolarizable electrodes to be placed in the ground. Moreover, the information gained by this method is restricted to the horizontal variations of the electric field. To overcome the limitation in the self-potential technique, we conducted a field experiment using a non conventional technique to assess the static electric field over a conductivity anomaly. We use two metallic potential probes arranged on an insulated boom with a separation of 126 cm. When placed into the electric field of the free air, a surface charge will be induced on each probe trying to equalize with the potential of the surrounding atmosphere. The use of a plasma source at both probes facilitated continuous and quicker measurement of the electric field in the air. The present study shows first experimental measurements with a modified potential probe technique (MPP) along a 600-meter-long transect to demonstrate the general feasibility of this method for studying the static electric field distribution over shallow conductivity anomalies.Field measurements were carried out on a test site on top of the Bramsche Massif near Osnabrück (Northwest Germany) to benefit from a variety of available near surface data over an almost vertical conductivity anomaly. High resolution self-potential data served in a numerical analysis to estimate the expected individual components of the electric field vector.During the experiment we found more anomalies in the vertical and horizontal components of the electric field than self-potential anomalies. These contrasting findings are successfully cross-validated with conventional near surface geophysical methods. Among these methods, we used self-potential, radiomagnetotelluric, electric resistivity tomography and induced polarization data to derive 2D conductivity models of the subsurface in order to infer the geometrical properties and the origin of the conductivity anomaly in the survey area. The presented study demonstrates the feasibility of electric field measurements in free air to detect and study near surface conductivity anomalies. Variations in Ez correlate well with the conductivity distribution obtained from resistivity methods. Compared to the self-potential technique, continuously free air measurements of the electric field are more rapid and of better lateral resolution combined with the unique ability to analyze vertical components of the electric field which are of particular importance to detect lateral conductivity contrasts. Mapping Ez in free air is a good tool to precisely map lateral changes of the electric field distribution in areas where SP generation fails. MPP offers interesting application in other geophysical techniques e.g. in time domain electromagnetics, DC and IP.With this method we were able to reveal a ca. 150 m broad zone of enhanced electric field strength. 相似文献
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Static shifts from near‐surface inhomogeneities very often represent the key problem in the processing of seismic data from arid regions. In this case study, the deep bottom fill of a wadi strongly degrades the image quality of a 2D seismic data set. The resulting static and dynamic problems are solved by both conventional and common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) processing. A straightforward approach derives conventional refraction statics from picked first breaks and then goes through several iterations of manual velocity picking and residual statics calculation. The surface‐induced static and dynamic inhomogeneities, however, are not completely solved by these conventional methods. In CRS processing, the local adaptation of the CRS stacking parameters results in very detailed dynamic corrections. They resolve the local inhomogeneities that were not detected by manual picking of stacking velocities and largely compensate for the surface‐induced deterioration in the stack. The subsequent CRS residual statics calculations benefit greatly from the large CRS stacking fold which increases the numbers of estimates for single static shifts. This improves the surface‐consistent averaging of static shifts and the convergence of the static solution which removes the remaining static shifts in the 2D seismic data. The large CRS stacking fold also increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the final CRS stack. 相似文献