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What kind of intensification? Agricultural practice, soil fertility and socioeconomic differentiation in rural Burkina Faso 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LESLIE C GRAY 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(1):70-82
In rural Burkina Faso, intensification has been an uneven process that has resulted in social costs, particularly in the form of uneven distribution of assets and disparate environmental trade-offs. This study examines the effects of wealth status on agricultural practice and soil fertility, arguing that differences in the practices of wealthier and poorer farmers lead to differential social and environmental outcomes. Two concerns are highlighted. First is the role of poverty in environmental degradation. Much of the debate about the role of wealth and poverty in environmental outcomes in developing countries has pinpointed poverty as the main causal explanation. Using studies of agricultural practices and soil fertility from several villages in southwestern Burkina Faso, this paper will counter this dominant view by showing that wealthier farmers farm much larger areas, have fewer trees in their fields, and use higher levels of animal traction which, in turn, has led to lower levels of soil fertility. A second concern is that while poorer farmers may have agricultural practices that minimize environmental degradation, their exclusion from key institutions that provide access to resources has serious livelihood consequences and potentials for increasing socioeconomic differentiation. The agricultural practices of wealthier farmers, while not optimal environmentally, result in higher levels of household wealth. A paradox emerges that while poorer farmers are conserving environmental resources, they are doing so at the expense of economic development and well-being. 相似文献
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In West Africa, plant diversity is threatened by future climate and land use change, however, synergistic forecasts for this area are lacking to date. We investigated the impact and the interplay of future (2050) climate and land use change on plant diversity in Burkina Faso, which covers the major bioclimatic gradient in West Africa. Thus, regions with different levels of species richness can be investigated. The LandSHIFT model was adapted for this study to derive novel future (2050) land use simulations. One-class support vector machines (SVMs) were performed with these land use simulations together with current and future (2050) climate projections at a 0.1° resolution. Our modeling results show that the flora of Burkina Faso will be primarily negatively impacted by future climate and land use changes. However, we found contrasting latitudinal patterns. The more humid regions in Southern Burkina Faso would be more affected in terms of species loss than the Sahel. Climate change is more important than land use change under the assumption of technological stagnation in the agricultural sector. Our results suggest that, in general, the plant diversity in dry and humid regions of the tropics might respond differently to climate and land use change. 相似文献
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以浙江省金衢盆地为例 ,探讨了我国南方山间盆地广泛分布的退化红砂土的特征 ,研究了退化红砂土在人为参与下土壤肥力的逆转及其与利用方式的关系 ,分析了各种利用方式下红砂土肥力性质的演变特征。 相似文献
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Anna Tengberg 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):259-275
Owing to the decline in rainfall and intensified land use in the Sahel during the past 25 years, wind erosion is causing increasing problems in this region. The aim of the present paper is to identify possible sources for the material found in nebkhas in northern Burkina Faso. Nebkhas are plant-obstacle dunes that frequently occur in semi-arid areas. Grain-size distributions of nebkha sediments and five other subenvironments were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. Quartz-grain surface textures were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM and grain-size analyses together indicate that the nebkhas have experienced considerable recent aeolian abrasion and sorting as compared with the five other sub-environments. It was concluded that the material in the nebkhas investigated is local in origin and that it mainly has been eroded by wind from adjacent disturbed soils or deflated from loose material made available for wind erosion by sheet-wash processes. This means that wind erosion is an important process in the removal of topsoil in this Sahelian environment and that measures to reduce wind erosion should be taken to protect sensitive soils. [Key words: Nebkhas, wind erosion, Sahel, Burkina Faso.] 相似文献
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西藏高原干旱半干旱区土壤分形特征及其应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对西藏高原干旱半干旱区4种土地利用类型的土壤全样和层样采集与测定,运用土壤粒径的质量分布原理,计算出它们的分形维数。并分析其与土地利用方式、土壤肥力的关系。同时还探讨了土壤分形维数在剖面不同深度的纵向变化。结果表明:i.土壤分形维数不仅可以反映土壤质地的均一程度,而且可以间接反映自然环境变化和人类活动对土壤理化性质的影响。ii.土壤肥力与土壤分形维数有显著的相关性。当土壤颗粒组成分形维数Dp<2.65和微团聚体组成分形维数Da<2.44时,土壤肥力最佳。iii.Dp值和Da值随深度呈波状变化,峰值出现的深度与土地利用方式和人类活动密切相关。 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠土壤沙化发生条件及对土壤性状影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤沙化是土壤发育逆向演替恢复母质特性的过程，土壤沙化发生条件可以概括为４个方面：土壤干旱是沙化的根本条件、植被衰败为风沙活动创造了条件、土壤质地轻是沙化物质基础、大风和频繁起沙风是沙化的动力条件。土壤沙化结果使土壤粗粒化、贫瘠化，同时也使土壤含盐量降低。 相似文献
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Kjeld Rasmussen Rasmus Fensholt Bjarne Fog Laura Vang Rasmussen Isidore Yanogo 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2014,114(1):17-24
Many studies have shown a ‘greening of the Sahel’ on the basis of analysis of time series of satellite images and this has shown to be, at least partly, explained by changes in rainfall. In northern Burkina Faso, an area stands out as anomalous in such analysis, since it is characterized by a distinct spatial pattern and strongly dominated by negative trends in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The aim of the paper is to explain this distinct pattern. When studied over the period 2000–2012, using NDVI data from the MODIS sensor the spatial pattern of NDVI trends indicates that non-climatic factors are involved. By relating NDVI trends to landscape elements and land use change we demonstrate that NDVI trends in the north-western parts of the study area are mostly related to landscape elements, while this is not the case in the south-eastern parts, where rapidly changing land use, including. expansion of irrigation, plays a major role. It is inferred that a process of increased redistribution of fine soil material, water and vegetation from plateaus and slopes to valleys, possibly related to higher grazing pressure, may provide an explanation of the observed pattern of NDVI trends. Further work will focus on testing this hypothesis. 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地风沙土的土壤酶活性研究 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
在极端干旱的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,利用咸水(矿化度4~5 g·L-1)灌溉建立人工绿地后,受植被和各种人为措施的影响,风沙土内部性质发生了一系列的变化,土壤酶活性也发生了变化。1998年对不同种植时间、不同植被类型的样地布点采样,采样深度0~10 cm和10~50 cm。分析测定了转化酶、蛋白酶、H2O2酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,结果表明:①分析测定的6种酶活性随着植被建立时间的增长而明显增强;②相同种植时间不同植被类型的样地土壤酶活性有差异,如:相同种植时间,蔬菜地土壤酶活性要高于其他样地;③表层土壤酶活性高于下层,表明土壤酶活性随剖面深度下降而减弱;④通过相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与有机质、氮、磷、微生物数量相关性显著;⑤通过与其他沙区土壤酶活性的比较,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地土壤酶活性要相应低于其他沙区的流动和固定沙丘。 相似文献
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中国东部地区耕地土壤肥力变化趋势研究 总被引：57，自引：5，他引：57
随着人口、资源和环境之间的矛盾日趋尖锐,中国耕地土壤肥力及其变化日益为世人所关注。本文利用最近20年东北地区的吉林和黑龙江省,华北地区的北京市和河北省以及长江下游地区的江苏和浙江省的15个县市180个样本点的土壤数据资料,分析了20世纪80年代以来东部地区农业土壤肥力的演变趋势。结果表明,从总体上看,东部地区除土壤速效钾下降和酸碱性有所退化外,农业土壤的有机质、全氮和速效磷平均含量都增加了。在空间分布上,土壤肥力的变化趋势存在明显差异。长江下游和华北地区的平均肥力提高,东北地区下降。另外,除华北地区的土壤酸碱性有改善外,长江下游和东北地区土壤都存在酸化倾向。 相似文献
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中国东北黑土地研究进展与展望 总被引：37，自引：3，他引：34
东北黑土区是世界四大片黑土区之一,它以高有机质和高肥力而著称,不仅是东北农业发展的基础,也是中国的粮仓,在保障国家粮食安全中具有举足轻重的地位。针对东北黑土自身的特色和面临的问题,首先描述了东北黑土地形成的条件及自然黑土的属性特征;其次阐述了黑土被开垦后农田化过程中土壤属性和肥力的演化情况,土壤有机质大幅度下降,土壤肥力降低,已严重影响到东北黑土地农业的可持续发展;在此基础上分析了黑土区耕作土壤不同保护途经及其对土壤肥力的影响机制;最后展望了未来黑土地理论研究的侧重点：应加大新技术、新方法和跨学科交叉理论的研究,培育更适合东北黑土地气候条件的高产优质作物品种,并结合目前黑土地保护的技术调控模式,优化作物种植模式,提升作物品质和产量,提高黑土区农业的综合生产力和竞争力、保证黑土区农业的永续利用。 相似文献
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延津县风沙土系黄河故道主流沉沙经风力搬运后发育而成,因而形成的各类土壤均具有质地轻粗,有机质贫乏,保肥能力弱和富钾缺磷等特点。所以,在改良利用上应该积极营造防护林,引黄淤灌,创造细土层,改造粗骨性,大力施用有机肥,因地制宜,综合发展,并以广开肥源,种植绿肥,培育和提高土壤肥力为重点。 相似文献
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不同起源格式栲林地的土壤分形特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
土壤结构性是影响土壤肥力的一个重要因素.本文运用分形模型对不同起源格氏栲林分表层土壤团粒结构进行研究,探讨了分形维数与土壤肥力的关系.研究结果表明格氏栲天然林结构多层,土壤粒径分布的分形维数小,水稳性团聚体即＞0.25nn的团粒含量高,土壤养分除水解性总酸度外,其它含量均较高,土壤团聚体水稳性能良好,土壤具有良好的渗透性、自动调节及抗逆性能,非毛管孔隙发达,土壤肥力较高;格氏栲纯人工林,林分结构单一,其土壤粒径分布的分形维数较低,土壤养分含量、水分状况及土壤通透性低于天然林,土壤肥力下降;分形维数为不同起源格氏栲林分表层土壤肥力特征描述提供新尺度、新方法. 相似文献
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Land degradation resulting from land-use changes and soil erosion has been a serious environmental problem in Ethiopia. This study addressed the effects of land use and slope position on soil physical and chemical properties in the Gelana sub-watershed, Northern highlands of Ethiopia. A total of 63 soil samples were collected and analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results showed that clay, soil pH, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable base contents of the cultivated land were significantly (p < 0.001) lower than those of the forest land, while soil bulk density, available phosphorous, and percentage base saturation were higher for cultivated land than forest land. In general, soil fertility declines as land use changes from forest to grazing and cultivated lands. Sand, clay, bulk density, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, carbon:nitrogen ratio, available phosphorous, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cations, and percentage base saturation showed significant variation due to slope position differences. Therefore, the study reinforces the need for integrated watershed management for sustainable agricultural production in the study area. 相似文献
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基于PI指数模型的南方典型红壤丘陵区稻田土壤肥力评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过田间采样和室内分析的方法,对南方典型红壤丘陵区稻田土壤44个样品进行检测分析,以pH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾为评判指标,运用PI指数模型法对水稻土的肥力质量进行综合评价,探讨该区域的土壤养分肥力水平以及水稻产量与土壤肥力的关系。研究结果表明:(1) 本实验区水稻土有机质含量丰富,供氮能力较高,土壤为弱酸性与中性土壤,较适合水稻生长,但其供磷与供钾水平相对较低。(2) 各样品肥力指数与实际产量之间的相关系数为0.736**,即水稻产量对土壤肥力呈极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
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新疆耕地土壤养分时空变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
土壤养分状况是土壤肥力的重要标识,并决定着农作物产量高低,对其进行调查分析可以为今后土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥管理提供基础资料。采用Meta-analysis方法,通过对1999-2005年期间有关新疆耕地土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的研究文献的收集分析,并与20世纪80年代全国第二次土壤普查数据对比分析,研究了近20多年来新疆耕地土壤养分的时空变化。结果表明耕地土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮总体呈现增加的趋势,土壤肥力在不断提高,全氮含量略有下降趋势,速效钾含量下降明显,但存在区域差异,准噶尔盆地北部区和伊犁地区具有较高的土壤肥力,塔里木盆地区域土壤肥力较低。分布于新疆的7种主要耕地土壤类型,其养分含量变化总体表现为与全疆耕地土壤养分相似的变化趋势。人类的施肥、耕作措施的改变及土地利用变化是引起土壤养分变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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