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1.
在辽源建安火山群内运用全岩K-Ar测年方法首次获得老道山、双山、毛山及四甲山火山锥体玄武岩的年龄分别为(99.28±1.59)Ma、(91.70±1.67)Ma、(82.55±1.94)Ma、(82.18±2.37)Ma,可确认建安火山群是当前中国东北乃至中国东部规模最大的晚白垩世火山群。这一结果为探讨中国东部晚白垩世时期的构造演化提供了精确的年代学资料,同时,该火山群的形成与寻找无机成因的油气藏具有重要联系,也为该地区蓝宝石矿及伴生宝石矿的初查工作提供了依据。 相似文献
2.
The geological record of the Western Andean Escarpment (WARP) reveals episodes of uplift, erosion, volcanism and sedimentation. The lithological sequence at 18°S comprises a thick pile of Azapa Conglomerates (25–19 Ma), an overlying series of widespread rhyodacitic Oxaya Ignimbrites (up to 900 m thick, ca. 19 Ma), which are in turn covered by a series of mafic andesite shield volcanoes. Between 19 and 12 Ma, the surface of the Oxaya Ignimbrites evolved into a large monocline on the western slope of the Andes. A giant antithetically rotated block (Oxaya Block, 80 km×20 km) formed on this slope at about 10–12 Ma and resulted in an easterly dip and a reversed drainage on the block's surface. Morphology, topography and stratigraphic observations argue for a gravitational cause of this rotation. A “secondary” gravitational collapse (50 km3), extending 25 km to the west occurred on the steep western front of the Oxaya Block. Alluvial and fluvial sediments (11–2.7 Ma) accumulated in a half graben to the east of the tilted block and were later thrust over by the rocks of the escarpment wall, indicating further shortening between 8 and 6 Ma. Flatlying Upper Miocene sediments (<5.5 Ma) and the 2.7 Ma Lauca–Peréz Ignimbrite have not been significantly shortened since 6 Ma, suggesting that recent uplift is at least partly caused by regional tilting of the Western Andean slope. 相似文献
3.
V. S. Semenov E. N. Kamenev V. M. Mikhailov I. A. Kamenev S. V. Semenov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2009,51(8):723-740
The results of geological study of the mountain framework of the southern part of the Lambert Glacier, Mawson Escarpment,
Eastern Antarctica, are discussed. The studied territory is of key importance for understanding the regional geological history.
The Ruker and the Lambert rock complexes have been distinguished at the Mawson Escarpment. The former is subdivided into the
Mawson and Menzies groups. The polymetamorphic rocks of the Mawson Group comprise granite gneiss, orthopyroxene gneiss, and
crystalline schists dated at >3000 Ma combined with tectonic wedges and blocks of the variegated sequence with ultramafic
(komatiitic) rocks. The find of those rocks allows us to suggest that an ancient granite-greenstone domain existed in the
territory of the Prince Charles Mts.; this domain is retained only as tectonic wedges amongst granite gneisses of the Mawson
and Menzies groups composed of polymetamorphic terrigenous rocks with basic sills. The following sequence of metamorphic mineral
assemblages in the Menzies Group has been established: (1) And-Crd ± St, (2) Ky-St-Grt-Bt-Ms, (3) Sil-Grt-Crd. The andalusite-type
metamorphism of rocks pertaining to the Menzies Group probably has the same age as greenschist metamorphism of rocks belonging
to the Collaboration Group (2917 ± 82–2878 ± 65 Ma at Mt. Ruker). The formation of kyanite-staurolite mineral assemblage (mounts
Stinear, Maguire, Rymill; South Mawson Escarpment) might be related to a metamorphic event dated at 2400–2350 Ma. The formation
of sillimanite-garnet and sillimanite-cordierite assemblages with staurolite relics correlates in time with emplacement of
the MacColly granite 600–500 Ma ago. Polymetamorphic rocks of the Lambert Complex are migmatites and gneisses, often with
orthopyroxene relics. Blocks of ultramafic rocks are localized amongst granite gneisses. The superimposed metamorphism of
amphibolite and granulite facies took place 1800 Ma ago. The model Nd age of ultramafic rocks (2500 Ma) is treated as the
time of emplacement of magma into the rocks of the Lambert Complex. Isotopic and geochemical evidence for Early Paleozoic
granulite-facies metamorphism is known. 相似文献
4.
新疆东准噶尔石炭纪火山机构类型与时限 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
东准噶尔卡拉麦里大气田的主要储层是石炭纪火山岩,石炭纪古火山机构的样式与组合特征,与火山岩储层展布关系密切。野外调查表明,隐爆角砾岩是东准噶尔石炭纪古火山机构最常见的标志之一。东准噶尔石炭纪古火山机构类型主要有中心式、裂隙式和裂隙-中心式等样式。中心式火山机构以大石头层状火山、柯克巴斯套锥状火山最为典型;巴塔玛依内山附近沿断裂分布的带状火山岩具有裂隙式喷发的特征;东黑山火山具有火山口串珠状排列特征,是裂隙-中心式喷发的产物。大石头地区原缪林托凯陶山组火山岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为345.6±7.1 Ma,而已知巴塔玛依内山组火山岩年龄是350.0±6.3Ma,因此东准噶尔火山活动的主要时期是早石炭世。 相似文献
5.
Ian McDougall B. J. J. Embleton D. B. Stone 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):155-176
Lord Howe Island is the eroded remnant of a large shield volcano. Tholeiitic lavas of the North Ridge Basalt comprise the main shield building phase and were erupted about 6.9 Ma ago. The Boat Harbour Breccia probably formed within the throat of the volcano and, together with the North Ridge Basalt, is intruded by numerous basaltic dykes, which grade into a cone sheet complex near the main vent. Large scale collapse of the summit area of the volcano produced a caldera which was filled rapidly by lavas of the Mount Lidgbird Basalt some 6.4 Ma ago, bringing to a close the volcanic history of Lord Howe Island. The shield volcano thus was built during a short interval in the late Miocene. Palaeomagnetic data show that the North Ridge Basalt and the Mount Lidgbird Basalt were erupted during periods when the geomagnetic field had normal polarity, and that their formation was separated by at least one interval of reversed polarity when the dykes and cone sheets were emplaced. The directions of magnetisation for the lavas and intrusives are such that, palaeomagnetically, no movement of Lord Howe Island is detected since its formation. Lord Howe Island is the subaerial part of a large seamount which lies at the southern end of a northerly‐trending line of volcanic seamounts extending for more than 1000 km. The Lord Howe seamount chain probably was produced by movement of the Australian lithospheric plate over a magma source or hot spot located below the plate within the upper mantle. Other data suggest that the Australian plate is moving N at about 6 cm/a and from this it is predicted that the seamount underlying Nova Bank, at the northern end of the chain, was constructed by volcanic activity about 23 Ma ago. Similarly, if volcanism were to occur now in the Lord Howe seamount chain we predict that its location would be about 400 km S of Lord Howe Island. 相似文献
6.
腾冲新生代火山作用构造—岩浆类型的探讨——一种滞后型的弧火山 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
腾冲火山群是我国著名的新生代火山群之一。它共分4个喷发期,根据K—Ar同位素地质年龄测定,第一期为2.93Ma,第二期为0.81Ma,第三期为0.31Ma,第四期为0.13Ma。该火山群为典型的钙碱性系列玄武岩—安山岩—英安岩弧火山岩组合。它喷发于晚上新世—晚更新世,但这一时期腾冲地区已为大陆板内环境,它可能与K2末怒江洋壳俯冲作用有关。因此,腾冲弧火山岩的形成至少在俯冲作用停止以后60Ma,属于一种新的火山作用类型——碰撞后弧火山或滞后型弧火山。 相似文献
7.
Ioan Seghedi Alexandru Szakács Emilian Roşu Zoltán Pécskay Katalin Gméling 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(3):321-328
Bontâu is a major eroded composite volcano filling the Miocene Zârand extensional basin, near the junction between the Codru-Moma and Highi?-Drocea Mountains, at the tectonic boundary between the South and North Apuseni Mountains. It is a quasi-symmetric structure (16–18 km in diameter) centered on an eroded vent area (9×4 km), buttressed to the south against Mesozoic ophiolites and sedimentary deposits of the South Apuseni Mountains. The volcano was built up in two sub-aerial phases (14–12.5 Ma and 11–10 Ma) from successive eruptions of andesite lava and pyroclastic rocks with a time-increasing volatile budget. The initial phase was dominated by emplacement of pyroxene andesite and resulted in scattered individual volcanic lava domes associated marginally with lava flows and/or pyroclastic block-and-ash flows. The second phase is characterized by amphibole-pyroxene andesite as a succession of pyroclastic eruptions (varying from strombolian to subplinian type) and extrusion of volcanic domes that resulted in the formation of a central vent area. Numerous debris flow deposits accumulated at the periphery of primary pyroclastic deposits. Several intrusive andesitic-dioritic bodies and associated hydrothermal and mineralization processes are known in the volcano vent complex area. Distal epiclastic deposits initially as gravity mass flows and then as alluvial volcaniclastic and terrestrial detritic and coal filled the basin around the volcano in its western and eastern part. Chemical analyses show that lavas are calc-alkaline andesites with SiO2 ranging from 56–61%. The petrographical differences between the two stages are an increase in amphibole content at the expense of two pyroxenes (augite and hypersthene) in the second stage of eruption; CaO and MgO contents decrease with increasing SiO2. In spite of a ～4 Ma evolution, the compositions of calc-alkaline lavas suggest similar fractionation processes. The extensional setting favored two pulses of short-lived magma chamber processes. 相似文献
8.
浙江中生代晚期火山—沉积岩系层序和时代 总被引：33，自引：7，他引：26
浙江中生代晚期火山—沉积地层由上、下两个岩系组成,上岩系包括横山组、永康群、衢江群及天台群,下岩系包括建德群和磨石山群。这两个岩系的同位素年龄范围分别在１１０～９０Ｍａ和１３５～１２０Ｍａ。根据同位素地质年代结合该区火山—沉积地层的古地磁和古生物研究资料,我们提出上岩系的形成时代为早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期,下岩系为早白垩世早期 相似文献
9.
Stefano Branca Mauro Coltelli Emanuela De Beni Jan Wijbrans 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(1):135-152
We present an updated geological evolution of Mount Etna volcano based on new 40Ar/39Ar age determinations and stratigraphic data integrating the previous K/Ar ages. Volcanism began at about 500 ka ago through
submarine eruptions on the Gela–Catania Foredeep basin. About 300 ka ago fissure-type eruptions occurred on the ancient alluvial
plain of the Simeto River forming a lava plateau. From about 220 ka ago the eruptive activity was localised mainly along the
Ionian coast where fissure-type eruptions built a shield volcano. Between 129 and 126 ka ago volcanism shifted westward toward
the central portion of the present volcano (Val Calanna–Moscarello area). Furthermore, scattered effusive eruptions on the
southern periphery of Etna edifice occurred until about 121 ka ago. The stabilization of the plumbing system on the Valle
del Bove area is marked by the building of two small polygenic edifices, Tarderia and Rocche volcanoes. Their eruptive activity
was rather coeval ending 106 and 102 ka ago, respectively. During the investigated time-span volcanism in Etna region was
controlled by a main E–W extensional tectonic related to the reactivation of Malta Escarpment fault system in eastern Sicily.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
10.
云南腾冲黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山粗安岩显微结构特征及其火山学意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
火山喷发物记录了岩浆的整个活动历史,对火山喷发物的研究可以了解大量的岩浆活动特征信息。本文对腾冲火山区的三座全新世火山——黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山熔岩进行了详细的研究,包括熔岩和斑晶的成分、显微结构特征和斑晶的晶体大小分布(CSD)分析。研究发现,黑空山、马鞍山和打莺山火山熔岩以粗安岩为主,三座火山粗安岩中的斑晶成分范围接近,但它们的显微结构特征具有一定的差异,反映了不同的岩浆环境,推测来自不同的岩浆囊。黑空山粗安岩中斜长石斑晶的CSD曲线呈微上凹形,反映了小规模的岩浆混合作用。马鞍山和打莺山粗安岩的微斑晶CSD曲线呈很好的线性关系,说明微斑晶形成时的环境相对稳定,推测这些微斑晶是在岩浆上升过程中,停留在地壳的某处并形成一个小型的岩浆囊后受围岩的冷却作用形成。根据以上的分析,认为腾冲火山区下在横向和纵向上均至少存在两个岩浆囊。 相似文献
11.
中国东北地区新生代火山活动的构造背景 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
中国东北地区新生代以玄武岩为主的喷发经历了60~29 Ma、25~15 Ma、＜2 Ma三期及不同喷发期之间的过渡阶段,而每一期又可以分为若干旋回。火山作用形成于不同的构造部位,沿断裂和非断裂分布的玄武岩均有存在,且与不同时期的大陆边缘构造演化相匹配。不同的构造背景下火山活动的分布也不同,且具明显的迁移性。构造环境体现为非造山大陆边缘张裂隙、上地幔上隆的陆内拉张环境、陆内非造山环境等特征。上新世晚期—更新世以来的火山活动与中国西南部地区的大陆板块间的碰撞作用没有关系。 相似文献
12.
中天山早泥盆世陆弧：来自花岗质糜棱岩地球化学及SHRIMP-U／Pb定年的证据 总被引：31，自引：26，他引：31
中天山巴伦台以北地区出露一套糜棱岩化的中-酸性侵入岩，元素地球化学特点表明其属于火山弧环境；锆石SHRIMP U／Pb法测试结果揭示其侵位年龄在405—416Ma间，属早泥盆世。这一研究结果显示，早在晚志留世晚期，南天山洋已开始向北俯冲，并在中天山地块南缘形成火山弧环境。至早泥盆世晚期，塔里木陆块与中天山火山弧发生碰撞。 相似文献
13.
Sedimentary sequences within headwater valleys on the landward side of the Great Escarpment of South Africa are elucidated and their significance as indicators of environmental change is assessed. This study focuses on the Sneeuberg Range, the most prominent mountain range in the semi‐arid central Great Karoo. Valley fills of a hitherto unrecognised complexity and of a greater age than any previously recorded in the central Great Karoo are reported. Three phases of deposition spanning the Late Pleistocene up to the present are documented from sites where gully erosion has incised the valley fills. The earliest depositional phase is represented by deeply weathered, calcretised gravel deposits, which probably were emplaced by debris flow and fluvial processes in the form of a fan. These deposits subsequently were buried by finer grained, largely unconsolidated sediment, with much of this emplacement occurring during the Holocene. There is evidence for phases of landscape stability and instability within this facies. Finally, sheetwash has removed fine‐grained sediments from valley flanks and has deposited it either on valley bottoms, or in presently active gullies. This process appears to be ongoing, and is the subject of current investigation. The sedimentary deposits are interpreted as representing a wide range of palaeoenvironmental conditions that have prevailed within the central Great Karoo since the penultimate glaciation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原岩石圈演化的记录：藏北超钾质及钠质火山岩的岩石学与地球化学特征 总被引：56，自引：12，他引：44
藏北鱼鳞山超钾质火山岩为一中等规模的熔岩被, 可分为三期。前两期主要为霞石黝方白榴石响岩、霞石白榴斑岩等, 后期主要为方钠石霓石粗面岩、霓霞粗面岩等。时代为１８～３０ Ｍａ。本区超钾质岩浆 Ｓｉ Ｏ２ 强烈不饱和、强碱性、高度富集 Ｌ Ｒ Ｅ Ｅ及 Ｌ Ｉ Ｌ Ｅ、放射成因 Ｓｒ、 Ｐｂ 及非放射成因 Ｎｄ 同位素 （８６ Ｓｒ／８７ Ｓｒ＝ ０７０８７６６～０７０９１６２, ２０６ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ １８８８２８８８～ １９１０４７５１, ２０７ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ １５６４２０３７ ～ １５８２８４５８, ２０８ Ｐｂ／２０４ Ｐｂ＝ ３９１３８９２１ ～ ３９６８６８３５ 及１４３ Ｎｄ／１４４ Ｎｄ＝ ０５１２１１６ ～０５１２３４２）,其上述特征指示岩浆源区为受到地壳物质强烈交代的富集 Ｅ Ｍ Ｉ Ｉ型地幔。藏北拉嘎拉钠质碱性橄榄玄武岩为高原面上的剥蚀残丘, 时代为６０ Ｍａ。其岩石学、 Ｒ Ｅ Ｅ、微量元素及 Ｓｒ Ｎｄ Ｐｂ 同位素指示了岩浆源区为受到洋壳俯冲物质交代的轻度富集地幔。本研究结果指示, 羌塘高原南部富集地幔的形成可能是受到印度板块俯冲的影响。 相似文献
15.
宽甸火山群地质遗迹的地质特征与特殊性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宽甸地处营口-宽甸古隆起东部北缘,在距今0.12~8 Ma间,火山多次喷发留下了特殊的火山群地质遗迹.宽甸火山群的多期喷发,产生多种岩石组成的火山岩,火山岩中含有大量上地幔橄榄岩包体与丰富的巨晶矿物以及特殊的火山群地质地貌具有追溯地质历史的重大科学研究价值和观赏价值. 相似文献
16.
17.
重点讨论了中国东南部和日本中、新生代火成岩的时空分布及其构造环境,总结了两者的异同性。印支期和燕山早期（190-170Ma）中国东南部和日本具有不同的岩浆活动演化史。在165-150Ma期间,中国东南部广泛分布有过铝和弱过铝的S型花岗岩。而170-130Ma则为日本岩浆活动沉寂期。燕山晚期,中国东南部和日本都发生大规模的火山-侵入活动,同是库拉-太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲-碰撞及其后伸展-裂解的产物,日本开始时代晚（130Ma）,并一直持续到始新世（45Ma）。进入喜马拉雅期,在日本海打开之前（〉15Ma）,中国东南部和日本同处于大陆伸展构造环境,在日本海打开之后（〈15Ma）,中国东南部和日本进入完全不同的构造演化阶段。 相似文献
18.
大兴安岭北部上护林盆地恩和大岭火山机构主要由白音高老组酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩、次火山岩及火山-沉积岩组成。实测剖面显示,该火山机构由侵出相、溢流相、爆发相、次火山岩相及火山沉积相构成,不同岩性、岩相围绕火山口大致呈对称分布,产状外倾,为中心式喷发的穹状火山。溢流相的流纹岩和次火山岩相的正长斑岩锆石U-Pb测年结果分别为(115.3±2.3)Ma和(114.3±1.6)Ma,表明恩和大岭火山机构形成于早白垩世晚期。该火山机构为一次简单的火山喷发旋回一个喷发期次,大致的火山活动过程可分为四个阶段,第一阶段为早期岩浆溢流阶段,形成溢流相流纹岩夹少量流纹质角砾凝灰岩;第二阶段为晚期火山爆发阶段,产生大量的爆发相火山碎屑岩;第三阶段为岩浆侵入阶段,分别形成侵出相松脂岩、次火山岩相正长斑岩等;第四阶段为火山活动的间歇阶段,形成火山沉积相火山-沉积岩。 相似文献
19.
位于金湖凹陷西南部的闵桥是苏北高产油区之一,该区以深埋于１４００～１６００ｍ之下的阜宁组（Ｅｆ１—Ｅｆ１２）玄武岩（５８～６０Ｍａ）为储油层,其上阜宁组二段上部（Ｅｆ２２—Ｅｆ３２）为生油层．与储油密切相关的玄武岩中孔洞缝组合取决于岩相和相带中的不同部位,主要的储油岩相构造类型为：（１）玄武岩古风化壳;（２）岩流单元上部带;（３）淬碎角砾岩．深埋玄武岩为一基座直径约６．５ｋｍ的盾火山,现采油区位于这一盾火山西南近火口带．推断火口位置在油区ＮＥ１．５～２ｋｍ范围内,盾火山其余３／４面积可作为扩大油田的靶区 相似文献
20.
对大兴安岭中南段内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗哈拉黑地区原定二叠系林西组和侏罗系白音高老组的样品分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得林西组的282 Ma和317 Ma两组峰值年龄以及白音高老组134 Ma、242 Ma和284 Ma的3组峰值年龄,说明原定白音高老组地层并非属于侏罗纪,而应该属于白垩纪。根据锆石结构特点推测林西组地层物源可能主要来自该区晚泥盆世-早石炭世岩浆弧产物和下二叠统大石寨组火山沉积。综合区域资料研究认为,内蒙古东部大兴安岭地区可能曾经发育有三叠纪沉积,现今大面积的缺失是由于后期构造抬升剥蚀所致。 相似文献