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西秦岭中、晚二叠世生物群更替事件 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西秦岭地区中、晚二叠世的生物,在其发展过程中经历了一次动物群的更替事件,表现为中二叠世茅口晚期迭山组底部开始的竺蜓类化石的突然锐减或消失及腕足动物的大量繁盛。茅口中期的热让沟组上部,有Afghanella及丰富的Parafusulina,Chusenella等竺蜓类化石。但上覆的迭山组底部开始,仅有少量Parafusulina,Chusenella及Schwagerina等断续出现。而同时交替出现了以Urushtenia,N eoplicatifera为代表的小型腕足动物群及小型单体四射珊瑚。这一动物群的更替事件受到当时沉积环境变迁和区域构造活动的制约。迭山组底部的沉积环境由开阔台地的浅水环境转入半局限台地较深水滞流环境,导致了竺蜓类的消失和小型腕足动物的兴起。这种沉积相的变化与动物群的更替在层位上是完全吻合的。研究区处于西秦岭晚海西裂陷带两侧的碳酸盐台地或台地边缘,其生物群的更替和沉积相的变化必然受到区域上裂陷活动的影响。根据本区生物地层的研究,可以更为确切地认为,本区二叠纪裂陷活动的时间始于中二叠世茅口期Afghanella schencki时的后期(或N eoschwagerina时的后期) ;约终于晚二叠世长兴期Palaeofusulina时之前。 相似文献
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西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带含有从砾石级到几十平方千米大小的二叠纪灰岩体，它们没有完整的地层层序，与围岩形成混杂或滑杂堆积，长期以来对其来源的解释存在争论。本文通过对灰岩体的动物群类型、古生物地理区系及其岩石学特征等方面进行研究和比较，认为雅鲁藏布江缝合线一带的二叠纪灰岩体总体上都呈现出冈瓦纳冷水型与华夏暖水型动物群混生特点，应形成于相同或类似的沉积环境。根据珊瑚、筵、腕足类等动物群大致分为与南方冈瓦纳大陆北缘内陆棚相动物群比较接近和与更靠近古赤道区的拉萨地块动物群较为接近两种类型，其时代从早二叠世晚期至长兴期不等。灰岩体主要由肉红色或灰色纯生物碎屑灰岩组成，不含或含有很少的陆源碎屑，均孤立地分散于中生代地层中，与围岩往往呈断层接触，断层带或灰岩夹层中经常有玄武岩或其他火山岩。因此，灰岩体可能为位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘外陆棚上小型碳酸盐台地或新特提斯洋最初裂解带上的海山型碳酸盐岩沉积，受后期印度-欧亚大陆板块碰撞作用而成为外来体夹于缝合带的其他海相沉积中。 相似文献
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The identification and correlation of the Carboniferous-Permian (Gzhelian-Asselian) boundary within the sedimentary sequences of Gondwana has always been a topic of debate. Type latest Carboniferous and earliest Permian marine sequences are characterised by warm tropical faunas and come from the Uralian Region of Russia and Kazakhstan. Faunas include conodonts and fusulinid foraminiferids which are prime tools for correlation. Such faunal groups are absent from most Gondwanan sequences where reliance for correlations must be placed primarily on brachiopods, bivalve molluscs and palynology. The Western Australian marine sequences, with their contained ammonoids, provide a pivotal link for the dating and correlating of Early Permian Gondwanan sequences with those of the type regions and their palynostratigraphical record is essential for trans-Australian correlations and correlations elsewhere throughout Gondwanaland.New data from the fully cored DM Tangorin DDHl bore hole, drilled in the Cranky Corner Basin, New South Wales, Australia, reveals a sequence of descending faunal zones. The stratigraphically highest zone with Eurydesrna cordaturn, encompasses the Late Sakmarian (Sterlitamakian). The middle zone with Torniopsis elongata, Sulciplica c r a m and Trigonotreta tangorini straddles the Sterlitamakian-Tastubian boundary, with the palynomorphs Pseudoreticulatispora pseudoreticulata high in the zone and Granulatisporites confluens low in the zone. An impoverished fauna with Trigonotreta nov., low in the Granulatisporites confluens Zone, is probably of latest Asselian or Tastubian age.Significant new data from Argentina has revealed marine faunas from below the occurrence of Granulatisporites confluens. These are considered to be of Asselian age. Outcrops of the Tupe Formation, with a marine fauna, at La Herradura Creek in the western Paganzo Basin, San Juan Province, are best regarded as being of mid to late Asselian age. The Tupe Fauna has been recognised as the Tivertonia jachalensis-Streptorhynchus inaequiornatus Zone. Previously, this fauna was considered to be of Late Carboniferous or Stephanian age. Three faunal associations are known from the Rio del Peii6n Formation, Rio Blanco Basin, La Rioja Province. The middle assemblage with Tivertonia, Costaturnulus, Kochiproductus and Trigonotreta, appears to correlate well with the Tupe Formation fauna. The lower assemblage, with Streptorhynchus, Etherilosia, Costaturnulus, Trigonotreta and a punctate spiriferid, as well as indeterminate productids, probably of Early Asselian age. The youngest assemblage includes a species ofRhynchopora that is close to Rhynchopora australasica from the latest Asselian-early Tastubian of Western Australia. The marine biostratigraphical data from Argentina has enabled a much greater understanding of the earliest Permian marine faunas to be achieved - a story that is apparently absent from the other cold and cool temperate regions of Gondwana. 相似文献
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《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2023,134(3):251-268
New trilobite material and the first graptolites from outcrop are described from the Am5 member of the Amdeh Formation near Al Fleij in northeast Oman. The sediments in which these faunas occur are interpreted as distal-shelf deposits with storm beds packed with brachiopods and orthoconic nautiloids. The deposits and its faunas are considered of late Darriwilian age and younger than the shallower-water Am5 deposits known from other outcrops. No palynomorphs could be recovered to confirm this due to the increased burial temperature the Al Fleij area has experienced.The trilobites are of considerable palaeo-biogeographic interest as few faunas of this age are known from the Arabian Plate, though their preservation precludes the establishment of new species. They include Isabelinia aff. glabrata, Liomegalaspides sp., Neseuretus tristani, Neseuretinus sp. and the deeper-water forms, Cyclopyge cf. C. bohemica, Arthrorhachis sp. and Brachypleura sp. The graptolites are pendent Didymograptus spp. of later Darriwilian type.Rare elements of the conodonts Nordiora, Amorphognathus and Microzarkodina have been recovered from shell beds that occur interbedded with the faunas. They too indicate a late Darriwilian age and differ from richer, restricted, shallow-water faunas known from the Am5 at other locations, and the more cosmopolitan shelf fauna from the Ayim Member of the Rann Formation of the United Arab Emirates.A coarser, 80 m-thick, terrestrial sequence containing igneous pebbles, included in the Am5 in the 1980s, is shown from the occurrence of fossil plants to be of Permian age and probably equivalent to the Basal Saiq Clastics of Jabal al Akhdar. 相似文献
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Four successive assemblages of Berriasian brachiopods distinguished for the first time in the Crimea are correlated with concurrent subdivisions of the ammonoid scale. Berriasian brachiopods are represented by 44 species of 27 genera and 14 families, which are most complete in terms of taxonomic composition as compared to other concurrent brachiopod faunas known elsewhere. The assemblages are dominated by local species. As is proved, the Berriasian brachiopods studied are appropriate for age determination, subdivision and correlation of their host deposits. Their geographic distribution that has been analyzed elucidates connections of the Berriasian sea basins within the Mediterranean paleozoogeographic region. 相似文献
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The nature of Phanerozoic carbonate factories is strongly controlled by the composition of carbonate‐producing faunas. During the Permian–Triassic mass extinction interval there was a major change in tropical shallow platform facies: Upper Permian bioclastic limestones are characterized by benthic communities with significant richness, for example, calcareous algae, fusulinids, brachiopods, corals, molluscs and sponges, while lowermost Triassic carbonates shift to dolomicrite‐dominated and bacteria‐dominated microbialites in the immediate aftermath of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. However, the spatial–temporal pattern of carbonates distribution in high latitude regions in response to the Permian–Triassic mass extinction has received little attention. Facies and evolutionary patterns of a carbonate factory from the northern margin of peri‐Gondwana (palaeolatitude ca 40°S) are presented here based on four Permian–Triassic boundary sections that span proximal, inner to distal, and outer ramp settings from South Tibet. The results show that a cool‐water bryozoan‐dominated and echinoderm‐dominated carbonate ramp developed in the Late Permian in South Tibet. This was replaced abruptly, immediately after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, by a benthic automicrite factory with minor amounts of calcifying metazoans developed in an inner/middle ramp setting, accompanied by transient subaerial exposure. Subsequently, an extensive homoclinal carbonate ramp developed in South Tibet in the Early Triassic, which mainly consists of homogenous dolomitic lime mudstone/wackestone that lacks evidence of metazoan frame‐builders. The sudden transition from a cool‐water, heterozoan dominated carbonate ramp to a warm‐water, metazoan‐free, homoclinal carbonate ramp following the Permian–Triassic mass extinction was the result of the combination of the loss of metazoan reef/mound builders, rapid sea‐level changes across Permian–Triassic mass extinction and profound global warming during the Early Triassic. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):415-426
In consequence of Hercynian folding, the Asian marine basin outlines repeatedly and essentially changed throughout the Permian. At the opening of the Sakmarian age the communication between the Arctic and Tethys marine basins was realized through the Caspian Sea region. In the middle of the Sakmarian age this channel was closed and the Arctic and Tethys seas were isolated from each other resulting in the development of various brachiopod faunas in both basins. Such an environment continued up to the beginning of the Upper Permian when a transgression of the boreal sea far to the south into the Mongolian geosyncline area and farther on into India and Burma took place. The Upper Permian marine basins of these regions became, therefore, inhabited by fauna of the Arctic type. Meanwhile the tropical forms of brachiopods did not migrate from the Tethys into the Arctic. At the beginning of the Kazanian age the sea retreated from Mongolia and the Arctic and Tethys basins became almost isolated again, their fauna growing essentially different towards the close of the Permian. In consequence of the fact that the tropical forms common in the Tethys couldn't exist through out the Permian within the present area of the Arctic, it might be assumed that the climate was most severe at the time, i.e. the region was located in the nearest proximity to the pole. At the same time the region adjacent to Japan where the North Pole moved to during the Permian (according to the opinion of most advocates of the polar migration theory) is found to be inhabited by tropical fauna. Thus analysis of the distribution of Permian fauna doesn't confirm the theory of a considerable migration of the earth's poles.—Auth. English summ. 相似文献
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J. J. Draper 《Sedimentary Geology》1988,60(1-4):155-162
During the Permian the Bowen Basin, a foreland basin in eastern Australia, was influenced by cold to cool-temperate climatic conditions at a paleolatitude of 60 °S. Limestones are rare in the sequence except in the southeastern Bowin Basin area where two limestone-bearing sequences are present. The limestones are mainly skeletal grainstones and rarer packstones; skeletal grains include crinoids, bryozoans, brachiopods, molluscs, ahermatypic corals, foraminifera and sponge spicules. Crinoid remains are dominant, but brachiopod-rich and coral-rich limestones are present locally. Non-skeletal carbonate grains are absent from the limestones. Terrigenous components range from negligible to dominant. Comparison of the limestones with others in the Permian sequences in eastern Australia reveals a consistency in sedimentary style, the only variations being in the relative proportions of the skeletal fragments. The Permian limestones share similar characteristics with temperate Cenozoic limestones of New Zealand, suggesting that differences in carbonate sedimentation between tropical and non-tropical regions have been consistent through time and reflect real sedimentological differences. 相似文献
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Late Olenekian assemblages in the western Panthalassa have been recovered from bedded radiolarian chert sequences of an accretionary complex, the Ashio belt. These faunas are documented and considered in terms of radiolarian diversity and faunal turnover during the latest Permian to Middle Triassic time. The fauna includes 30 radiolarians belonging to Spumellaria or Entactinaria, with two relicts from the Late Permian. This late Olenekian fauna is markedly different from Permian and Asisian faunas, respectively, and is herein named the Minowa fauna. Study of the literaure indicates that radiolarian provinces were significantly disconnected between the western Panthalassa and eastern Tethys during late Olenekian time. Furthermore, 121 of 143 species disappeared during late Olenekian time, and in turn 118 new species appeared in the western Panthalassa around the Olenekian-Anisian boundary. It is concluded that faunal turnover occurred at least three times between the latest Permian and Middle Triassic.The first turnover is the Poalaozoie-type radiolarian extinction at the Permain-Triassic boundary,the second is the diversification of spheroidal Spumellaria and Entactinaria between early and late Olenekian time, and the third is a faunal turnover from the Minowa fauna to the true Mesozoic-type radiolarian famas that are characterized by mulit0segmented Nassellaria. 相似文献
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系统研究了湖北省西部新滩剖面亚丁斯克阶至长兴阶的腕足动物群落演替过程.通过研究区与华南地区及特提斯区域进行比对分析,结合前人对碳、氧同位素的研究结果,分析了二叠纪腕足类群落演替的规律和区域差异.结果表明:除二叠纪末的灭绝事件,在乌拉尔统与瓜德鲁普统界限附近及乐平统中共识别出两次腕足类种群的显著分异度变化,且其演替时间都... 相似文献
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青藏高原北部茅口晚期地层缺失研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
青藏高原北部二叠纪地层分布广泛,化石丰富,尤其是早—中二叠世地层层序完整,且产丰富的、珊瑚、腕足类等化石,晚二叠世地层分布较为零星,仅局部地区有保存。通过对1999年以来在青藏高原北部空白区开展的1/25万区域地质调查成果等资料的分析,结合大量的野外观察,发现中、晚二叠世之间普遍存在着沉积间断,表现为地层之间的不整合或假整合以及晚二叠世地层的大量缺失。与华南区对比,普遍缺失中二叠统茅口阶顶部的Yabeina生物化石带,相当于本带所代表的茅口晚期地层是缺失的,这对于建立青藏高原北部地层序列,探讨沉积—构造演化史均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据古生物地理和古地磁资料探讨秦岭二叠纪的海盆重建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据秦岭及邻区二叠纪古生物地理和古地磁数据分析，以活动论观点为指导，探讨了秦岭的海盆特征。２４组古地磁数据和珊瑚、腕足和类的古生物地理说明二叠纪的秦岭海位于低纬度区并以不同的速度向北不断移动。早二叠世东、西部的海盆定分别是１０００ｋｍ和２０００ｋｍ。 相似文献
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N. W. Archbold 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):267-276
In an attempt to elucidate their ages, the often incomplete and poorly known early Permian marine faunas and sequences of India, Tibet, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and Oman are compared with those of the Perth, Carnarvon and Canning Basins of Western Australia, where faunas are documented and in sequence, and stratigraphic relationships between units are clear. This comparison indicates that the faunas discussed are Latest Asselian or younger in age, and that most of the underlying glacial beds are probably Early Permian (Asselian) in age. By implication, the Permo‐Carboniferous boundary for Gondwana is considered to lie at or near the base of Unit II/Stage 2 and equivalent palynomorph zones throughout Gondwana. 相似文献
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《Earth》2009,96(3-4):119-157
Anomodont synapsids represent the dominant herbivores of Permian and Triassic terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. Their taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity in combination with their cosmopolitan distribution makes them an ideal study object for macroevolutionary patterns across the most devastating extinction event in earth history. This study provides a thorough review of anomodont-bearing tetrapod faunas to form the basis for a faunal similarity analysis and future studies of anomodont diversity. The stratigraphic correlation and composition of all known anomodont assemblages is revisited, including a discussion of the validity of the globally distributed anomodont species. The similarity analysis of anomodont faunas is performed on the basis of presence–absence data of anomodont taxa, using explorative methods such as cluster analysis (UPGMA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The recovered faunal groupings indicate a common biostratigraphic age and furthermore reflect biogeographic patterns. Even though endemism and faunal provinciality was a constant element in anomodont faunas of the Permian and Triassic, the available evidence indicates that the end-Permian extinction resulted in a distinct uniformity that was unique to Early Triassic anomodont faunas. This is in particular characterized by the global distribution and overwhelming abundance of the disaster taxon Lystrosaurus. In contrast, cosmopolitan anomodonts also existed in the Late Permian (e.g., Diictodon) and Middle Triassic (e.g., Shansiodon), but those taxa coexisted with endemic faunal elements rather than dominated the fauna as Lystrosaurus did. 相似文献
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华北地台石炭系—二叠系界线的腕足动物标志 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据现代地层学理论,年代地层界线应具有全球一致性或近一致性。根据华北地台石炭纪、二叠纪地层特点,笔者主张在华北地台以Pseudoschwagerina(s.s)带(确切地说是最早出现该带特征化石层位)底作为二叠纪的开始。本文通过对华北地台若干典型地点界线附近的腕足动物化石进行系统研究,认为腕足动物面貌在界线附近有清晰的变化,与界线标志(竹蜓)属有一定的对应关系,以此作为界线的辅助标志具有区域性的普遍意义。 相似文献
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Exhumed early Pleistocene reefs along the eastern coast of Jamaica expose deep-water environments downslope from the more familiar, shallow-water reef frameworks. Such environments have quite different faunas from the shallow parts of the reefs, including common 'Palaeozoic-type' biotas like the brachiopods and crinoids. These animals are found in deeper-water settings around the Caribbean today; however, these biotas are not readily available nor easily studied. The slightly older Pleistocene faunas are much more accessible and informative. Here the past may be the key to the present. 相似文献