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北极地区众多沉积盆地的演化受控于漫长地质历史过程中的复杂区域构造作用。利用环北极编图计划重力、磁力资料对现今北极基底构造格局进行识别,并将其与沉积盆地空间分布进行叠合,在综述北极主要沉积盆地演化序列事件基础上,归纳出三类对北极沉积盆地演化起主控作用的区域构造因素,包括:(1)后造山伸展垮塌;(2)地体增生前陆收缩;(3)洋盆扩张作用。此三类区域构造作用之后的构造事件对盆地的重塑力有限,使盆地性质大致得以延续。新元古代至显生宙时期,劳伦、波罗的、西伯利亚古陆相继碰撞形成了蒂曼、加里东、埃尔斯米尔、乌拉尔造山带,经历后碰撞期伸展垮塌成为巴伦支、喀拉、加拿大北极群岛等区域的大型沉积盆地的基底。现今西伯利亚东北部和北美西北部的北太平洋边缘地体新生代演化导致其北侧发育前陆收缩盆地。美亚海盆和北大西洋-欧亚海盆洋盆扩张作用控制了马更些三角洲、巴芬湾及拉普捷夫海裂谷盆地的演化。 相似文献
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全球已发现的工业油气田中与盐系地层有关的约为58%,总结盐相关盆地油气地质特征及其勘探经验,为含盐盆地的油气发现具有非常重要的意义。通过对红海盆地的岩盐发育和分布规律研究、盆地生储盖特征分析及红海盆地实际勘探经验总结,认为含盐盆地具有以下特征:含盐盆地盐系地层发育,岩盐因构造变形可形成多种类型的盐构造,油气勘探应以寻找各种盐构造油气藏为主;含盐盆地盐下易形成高温高压,盐下储层主要为碳酸盐岩和砂岩,这种异常高压对储集层的储集性能是有利的,盐下应以储层类型和圈闭识别为主要勘探目标;含盐盆地地质情况复杂,勘探工程难度大,需加强钻井工程研究;含盐盆地盐下地震成像普遍较差,加强盐下地震处理技术研究,辨别盐下"假构造",是盐盆勘探取得突破的关键。 相似文献
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国内外油气勘探实践表明,含盐盆地的油气富集和分布与盆地内沉积的盐岩密切相关。东濮凹陷是我国东部地区典型的含盐油气富集盆地,作者通过深入研究其地层层序特征及盐岩纵横向分布特点,进一步剖析了盐岩沉积的主要控制因素及其与生储盖层的关系,搞清了含盐盆地油气的分布和富集与盐岩的关系,指出无论在垂向上还是横向上,东濮凹陷盐岩一般都与暗色烃源岩共生,而且盐岩与同期沉积的砂岩表现为长消关系。研究认为盐岩可作为油气上盖或侧向遮挡,与源岩、储集层可组成良好的生储盖配置关系,利于油气富集区带的形成,对构造和隐蔽油气藏的形成都发挥了积极的作用,并指出与盐岩有关的文东北部和胡状集地区是下一步挖潜的有利勘探方向。研究成果也可为国内外同类含盐盆地的油气勘探提供一定的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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北冰洋及其周围的陆架海资源十分丰富,尤其是油气和煤炭。但受自然条件的限制,调查程度很低,许多地质与构造问题尚未解决。区域构造的认识主要依赖航磁测量结果。本文试图综合各国对北冰洋地区的研究现状,形成对该区地质构造及其演化的认识：1）欧亚海盆磁条带清晰,对海盆构造和演化历史认识争议最小,识别的最老磁条带为25,因此海盆大致于58Ma开始张开。磁条带13,之后,Yermak高地与莫里斯?杰塞普隆起分离,欧亚海盆与北大西洋连通。2）从地壳结构与地壳厚度,以及其它资料来看,阿尔法海岭－门捷列夫海岭与罗蒙诺索夫海岭一样,应为陆壳,可能是先后从巴伦支陆架裂离形成的。3）马卡罗夫海盆为典型的洋壳,其形成方式和时代还很少约束,其中观点之一是在晚赛诺曼期－早始新世,随阿尔法海岭－门捷列夫海岭裂离巴伦支陆架,海底扩张形成,并随Gakkel扩张中心在晚古新世的形成而逐步衰退。4） 加拿大海盆可能是北冰洋最早形成的海盆,其形成时间与机制至今仍所知甚少,但可能是从140~135Ma至95~80Ma,随新西伯利亚－楚科奇－阿拉斯加微板块旋转裂离加拿大北部陆缘形成。5）北冰洋的演化大致可以分为3个主要阶段：晚侏罗世－早白垩世、晚白垩世－新生代早期、新生代。第一阶段,加拿大海盆地的扩张中心形成、演化与消亡,第二阶段是拉布拉多－巴芬－马卡罗夫扩张中心的形成与演化,在始新世停止活动,第三阶段,极慢速的Mohna、Knipovich和Gakkel洋中脊的扩张,致使欧亚海盆形成。 相似文献
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Late-and postglacial environments in the northern Barents Sea west of Franz Josef Land 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A lithological and micropaleontological study of three sediment cores from the western Franz Josef Land area, two of them AMS l4 C dated, provides new data on the environmental evolution of the northern Barents Sea during and after the last deglaciation. Glacimarine conditions commenced in the deep Franz Victoria Trough by 13 kyr BP. and then presumably propagated into adjacent inter-island channels of Franz Josef Land. Pulses of Atlantic-derived water occurred during deglaciation and could have accelerated ice-sheet decay. Normal marine environments were established close to 10 kyr BP. Ameliorated conditions are recorded for the interval of approximately 9.5 to 5 kyr BP. After that, more severe environments existed probably associated with heavier sea-ice cover. 相似文献
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C. Wright B.R. Goleby C.D.N. Collins B.L.N. Kennett S. Sugiharto S. Greenhalgh 《Geophysical Journal International》1987,89(1):431-436
Summary. The major objective of the Central Australian seismic experiment is to investigate the structural evolution of the Arunta Block and the Ngalia and Amadeus Basins. A regional north-south reflection line of 420 km length from the Northern Arunta Province to the southern part of the Amadeus Basin was recorded in 1985. The most significant basement features are prominent bands of reflectors from beneath the Northern Arunta Province and the Ngalia Basin at times of between 4 and 10 s that dip towards the north. Deep crustal features south of the Ngalia Basin are less clear except in the Redbank Zone. Bands of deep reflectors similar to those observed in the north occur at times of between 5 and 10 s beneath the southern part of the Amadeus Basin. Additional seismic profiling included a reflection line of 40 km length recorded across the northern margin of the Redbank Zone, three expanding spread reflection profiles and a tomographic experiment. An east-west seismic refraction profile of 400 km length was recorded within the Arunta Block, and suggests an average crustal thickness of 55 km. 相似文献
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At present, gas hydrates are known to occur in continental high latitude permafrost regions and deep sea sediments. For middle latitude permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau, further research is required to ascertain its potential development of gas hydrates. This paper reviewed pertinent literature on gas hydrates in the Tibetan Plateau. Both geological and ge- ographical data are synthesized to reveal the relationship between gas hydrate formation and petroleum geological evo- lution, Plateau uplift, formation of permafrost, and glacial processes. Previous studies indicate that numerous residual basins in the Plateau have been formed by original sedimentary basins accompanied by rapid uplift of the Plateau. Ex- tensive marine Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in these basins could provide rich sources of materials forming gas hydrates in permafrost. Primary hydrocarbon-generating period in the Plateau is from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, while secondary hydrocarbon generation, regionally or locally, occurs mainly in the Paleogene. Before rapid uplift of the Plateau, oil-gas reservoirs were continuously destroyed and assembled to form new reservoirs due to structural and thermal dynamics, forcing hydrocarbon migration. Since 3.4 Ma B.P., the Plateau has undergone strong uplift and extensive gla- ciation, periglacier processes prevailed, hydrocarbon gas again migrated, and free gas beneath ice sheets within sedi- mentary materials interacted with water, generating gas hydrates which were finally preserved under a cap formed by frozen layers through rapid cooling in the Plateau. Taken as a whole, it can be safely concluded that there is great temporal and spatial coupling relationships between evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and generation of gas hydrates. 相似文献
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Structure and geological history of the Congo Basin: an integrated interpretation of gravity,magnetic and reflection seismic data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The stratigraphic, paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the intracratonic Congo Basin in Central Africa has been revised on the basis of an integrated interpretation of gravity, magnetic and reflection seismic data, together with a literature review of papers sometimes old and difficult to access, map compilation and partial reexamination of outcrop and core samples stored in the Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA). The Congo Basin has a long and complex evolution starting in the Neoproterozoic and governed by the interplay of tectonic and climatic factors, in a variety of depositional environments.This multidisciplinary study involving 2D gravity and magnetic modeling as additional constraints for the interpretation of seismic profiles appears to be a powerful tool to investigate sedimentary basins where seismic data alone may be difficult to interpret. The tectonic deformations detected in the Congo Basin after the 1970–1984 hydrocarbon exploration campaign in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have been attributed to crustal contraction and basement uplift at the center of the basin, following a transpressional inversion of earlier graben structures. Two‐dimensional gravity and magnetic models run along key seismic lines suggest the presence of evaporite sequences in some of the deeper units of the stratigraphic succession, in the lateral continuity with those observed in the Mbandaka and Gilson exploration wells. The poorly defined seismic facies that led to the previous basement uplift interpretation of the crystalline basement is shown to correspond to salt‐rich formations that have been tectonically de‐stabilized. These features may be related to vertical salt‐tectonics connected to the near/far‐field effects of the late Pan‐African and the Permo‐Triassic compressive tectonic events that affected this African part of Gondwana. 相似文献
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Roger Urgeles Angelo Camerlenghi Daniel Garcia‐Castellanos Ben De Mol Miquel Garcés Jaume Vergés Ian Haslam Martin Hardman 《Basin Research》2011,23(2):123-145
We present new 3D seismic and well data from the Ebro Margin, NW Mediterranean Sea, to shed new light on the processes that formed the Messinian Erosion Surfaces (MES) of the Valencia Trough (Mediterranean Sea). We combine these data with backstripping techniques to provide a minimum estimate of the Messinian sea level fall in the EBRO Margin, as well as coupled isostasy and river incision and transport modeling to offer new constraints on the evolution of the adjacent subaerial Ebro Basin. Four major seismic units are identified on the Cenozoic Ebro Margin, based on the seismic data, including two major prograding megasequences that are separated by a major unconfirmity: the MES. The 3D seismic data provide an unprecedented view of the MES and display characteristic features of subaerial incision, including a drainage network with tributaries of at least five different orders, terraces and meandering rivers. The Messinian landscape presents a characteristic stepped‐like profile that allows the margin to be subdivided in three different regions roughly parallel to the coastline. No major tectonic control exists on the boundaries between these regions. The boundary between the two most distal regions marks the location of a relatively stable base level, and this is used in backstripping analysis to estimate the magnitude of sea level drop associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis on the Ebro Margin. The MES on the Ebro Margin is dominated by a major fluvial system, that we identify here as the Messinian Ebro River. The 3D seismic data, onshore geology and modeling results indicate that the Ebro River drained the Ebro Basin well in advance of the Messinian. 相似文献
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Song Yanchen Wang Enze Peng Yuting Xing Haoting Wu Kunyu Zheng Yongxian Zhang Jing Zhang Na 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(6):4355-4377
The Paleogene upper Xiaganchaigou Formation (E32) is the most important source rock and reservoir in the Qaidam Basin. However, there are few studies on the processes of hydrocarbon accumulation in this formation; therefore, its hydrocarbon resource potential has not been estimated reasonably. This paper evaluates the hydrocarbon generation properties in light of an improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion potential model. According to the geochemical characteristics of source rocks and the petrological features of reservoirs, the potentials of different resource types, including conventional oil, tight oil and shale oil, are quantified by combining the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth (BHAD) and the lower limit for movable resource abundance. The results show that the source rocks are characterized by a large thickness (more than 1000 m), moderate organic matter content, high marginal maturity and a high conversion rate (50% hydrocarbons have been discharged before Ro?=?1%), which provide sufficient oil sources for reservoir formation. Moreover, the reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin consist mainly of low-porosity and low-permeability tight carbonates (porosity of 4.7% and permeability less than 1 mD). The maximum hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, retention and movable retention intensities at present are 350?×?104 t/km2, 250?×?104 t/km2, 130?×?104 t/km2 and 125?×?104 t/km2, respectively. The thresholds of hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and BHAD were 0.46% Ro, 0.67% Ro and 0.7% Ro, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic evolution process of hydrocarbon accumulation was divided into three evolution stages, namely, (a) initial hydrocarbon accumulation, (b) conventional hydrocarbon reservoir and shale oil accumulation and (c) unconventional tight oil accumulation. The conventional oil, tight oil and movable shale oil resource potentials were 10.44?×?108 t, 51.9?×?108 t and 390?×?108 t, respectively. This study demonstrates the good resource prospects of E32 in the Qaidam Basin. A comprehensive workflow for unconventional petroleum resource potential evaluation is provided, and it has certain reference significance for other petroliferous basins, especially those in the early unconventional hydrocarbon exploration stage.
相似文献17.
The process of organic matter transformation into oil and gas is also a balance process of hydrocarbon transformation. This
article probes to distinguish the oil expulsion history from gas expulsion history based on the hydrocarbon generation, hydrocarbon
residual, and hydrocarbon expulsion processes of the source rocks. In this method, the first step is to study the hydrocarbon
expulsion rate by means of hydrocarbon generation potential method; the second step is to study the oil generation rate by
means of the heating–pressuring experiment method; the third step is to study the oil residual rate by means of the mathematical
method. The difference between the values of oil generation rate and oil residual rate is defined as the oil expulsion rate,
while that between the values of hydrocarbon expulsion rate and the gas expulsion rate is defined as the gas expulsion rate.
Then, combined with the geological parameters of source rocks, the oil and gas expulsion history can be obtained. This study
on Es1 Source rocks, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China shows that the primary expulsion period of Es1 source rocks is Guantao–Minghuazhen period. 相似文献
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《Basin Research》2018,30(1):97-131
The Danube Basin is situated between the Eastern Alps, Western Carpathians and Transdanubian mountain ranges and represents a classic petroleum prospection site. The basin fill is known from many 2D reflection seismic lines and deep wells with measured e‐logs which provided a good opportunity for theories about its evolution. New analyses of deep wells situated in the Danube Basin northeastern margin allowed us to refine stratigraphy and to interpret various depositional systems. This also allowed us to outline changes in provenance of sediment during the Cenozoic. The performed interpretation of the Palaeogene and Neogene depositional systems also confirmed the Oligocene–Early Miocene exhumation of the basin pre‐Neogene basement. Opening and development of the Middle to Late Miocene basin depocentres above the boundary between the Western Carpathians and Northern Pannonian domain was recognized. Our analysis contributed to a better understanding of the Hurbanovo–Diösjenő fault which acts as an inherited weakness zone along the boundary of two crustal fragments with different provenance. We document various basin types stacked one on another (retro‐arc, back‐arc and extensional hinterland basin). The analysis of sediment sources reveals intricate geodynamic processes during the Eastern Alpine–Western Carpathian orogenic system collision with European platform (formation of ALCAPA microplate) and its successive tectonics escape during the Pannonian Basin System origination. 相似文献
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The North Sea Basin contains an almost complete record of Cenozoic sedimentation, separated by clear regional unconformities. The changes in sediment characteristics, rate and source, and expression of the unconformities reflect the tectonic, eustatic and climatic changes that the North Sea and its margins have undergone. While the North Sea has been mapped locally, we present the first regional mapping of the Cenozoic sedimentary strata. Our study provides a new regional sub‐division of the main seismic units in the North Sea together with maps of depocentres, influx direction and source areas. Our study provides a regional synthesis of sedimentation based on a comprehensive interpretation of a regionally covering reflection seismic data set. We relate observations of sediment characteristics and unconformities to the geological evolution. The timing, regional expression and stratigraphic characteristics of many unconformities indicate that they were generated by eustatic sea‐level fall, often in conjunction with other processes. Early Cenozoic unconformities, however, relate to tectonism associated with the opening of the North Atlantic. From observation on a regional scale, we infer that the sediment influx into the North Sea during the Cenozoic is more complex than previously suggested clockwise rotation from early northwestern to late southern sources. The Shetland Platform supplied sediment continuously, although at varying rates, until the latest Cenozoic. Sedimentation around Norway changed from early Cenozoic influx from the southwestern margin, to almost exclusively from the southern margin in the Oligocene and from all of southern Norway in the latest Cenozoic. Thick Eocene deposits in the Central Graben are sourced mainly from a western and a likely southern source, indicating that prominent influx from the south did not only occur from the mid‐Miocene onwards. We infer a new age for the increased progradational sediment influx in the Pleistocene of 2.5 Ma, coeval with Fennoscandian glaciation. 相似文献
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Sea‐level changes provide an important control on the interplay between accommodation space and sediment supply, in particular, for shallow‐water basins where the available space is limited. Sediment exchange between connected basins separated by a subaqueous sill (bathymetric threshold) is still not well understood. When sea‐level falls below the bathymetric level of this separating sill, the shallow‐water basin evolution is controlled by its erosion and rapid fill. Once this marginal basin is filled, the sedimentary depocenter shifts to the open marine basin (outward shift). With new accommodation space created during the subsequent sea‐level rise, sediment depocenter shifts backwards to the marginal basin (inward shift). This new conceptual model is tested here in the context of Late Miocene to Quaternary evolution of the open connection between Dacian and Black Sea basins. By the means of seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis of the Miocene‐Pliocene evolution of this Eastern Paratethys domain, this case study demonstrates these shifts in sedimentary depocenter between basins. An outward shift occurs with a delay that corresponds to the time required to fill the remaining accommodation space in the Dacian Basin below the sill that separates it from the Black Sea. This study provides novel insight on the amplitude and sedimentary geometry of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) event in the Black Sea. A large (1.3–1.7 km) sea‐level drop is demonstrated by quantifying coeval sedimentation patterns that change to mass‐flows and turbiditic deposits in the deep‐sea part of this main sink. The post‐MSC sediment routing continued into the present‐day pattern of Black Sea rivers discharge. 相似文献