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1.
天山北缘河流阶地形成及构造变形定量分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
新生代以来,北天山山前发育了3排冲断褶皱带。新生代晚期一系列河流普遍穿过这3排冲断褶皱带并发育了三级河流阶地。在最新构造活动的影响下,河流阶地普遍发生变形,遭受抬升。利用光释光及14C年代学方法确定了塔西河三级阶地的形成年龄,并实际测量了三级阶地的高程。结果表明吐谷鲁背斜的构造抬升速率在32．85-28．75 ka问为9．50-12．57 mm／a,12-13 ka间为9．67-14．5 mm／a,全新世则增至10．79-23．44mm／a,天山基底的平均隆升速率达到3．39-3．86mm／a。通过对天山最高一级夷平面、野外实测侏罗纪地层高程及天山发育的煤层的相对隆升速率的研究则表明天山自24 Ma以来平均的隆升速率约为0．085-0．146 mm／a。结合对北天山其他主要河流阶地的观察及研究可以看出自晚更新世一全新世以来,天山北缘的最新构造活动具有不断加快的特征。 相似文献
2.
1 IntroductionThe Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution and ki-netics mechanism of the intracontinental orogen are thekey subjects of continental dynamics (Ma Zongjin andGao Xianglin, 2004) and the key to understanding theregional geological tectonics (Qia… 相似文献
3.
4.
雪峰山西麓中生代盆地属性及构造意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
雪峰山西侧发育一系列的中生代盆地,它们的形成与后期变形是华南地区晚三叠世以来板内变形的响应。晚三叠世-早、中侏罗世,雪峰山地区由于桃江-安化-溆浦断裂的左行压剪作用,在雪峰山西北侧形成早期沅麻前陆盆地,而在雪峰山中南段由于走滑作用形成拉分盆地,雪峰山西侧印支期并不存在统一的前陆盆地,其印支期造山规模很有限,为陆内造山。从白垩纪开始,雪峰山西麓盆地进入不同的构造体制环境,总体上经历了三期主要的盆地形成和改造事件。白垩纪早期沅麻盆地进入区域伸展阶段,该期的盆地并不是前人认为的前陆盆地,古水流表明物源为东西两侧的雪峰山和武陵山,而中期沅麻盆地继承早期的伸展体制,生长地层、地堑、地垒结构发育,古水流指示物源依旧是两侧山地,该期伸展可能与整个华南同期的伸展一样受控于同样的机制。进入新生代,雪峰山西麓盆地经历了两期重要的变形改造阶段,早期由于桃江-安化-溆浦的右行走滑,产生了北东向的主压应力,在沅麻盆地中产生了北东走向的张节理,这些节理在后期往往发育成正断层,造成这期变形的原因是由于55～25Ma之间,印度-欧亚板块的碰撞在整个东亚地区产生的一系列右行走滑断裂所致。新生代后期变形体现在北西—南东向挤压,在沅麻盆地以及天柱盆地东缘形成了一系列的逆冲构造,古生界以及元古界逆冲于中生界之上,这期挤压在盆地中形成了稳定分布的一组共轭节理。这期变形与整个东部中新世变形可能有同一的构造背景,其原因与太平洋板块的俯冲无关,而与菲律宾海板块于中新世左右由南向北运移并与华南大陆碰撞有关。 相似文献
5.
由于青藏高原的特殊大气环流形势，夏半年受印度洋热带海洋季风──西南季风控制，向高原内部、尤其西北部，水份逐渐减弱；冬半年高原面受干冷西风环流影响，致使气候寒冷干燥。从而使高原植被由东南向西北发生递交。上新世早、中期在冈底斯山和念青唐古拉山以南地区发育常绿硬叶林，而北部则生长山地常绿针叶林，到更新世早期藏南以亚热带针阀混交林为主，北部出现灌丛和草原植被。自更新世晚期以来，青藏高原除东南部及喜马拉雅山以南的一部分地区保留部分亚热带针阔混交林外，大部分地区为高山草甸、灌丛草原或荒漠草原。 相似文献
6.
郯庐断裂带对鲁西隆升过程的影响:磷灰石裂变径迹证据 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
郯庐断裂带(TLFZ)是一条贯穿华北的NNE向巨型断裂带。新生代以来,在郯庐断裂带的两侧及其内部发生了显著的伸展构造变形,形成了泰安-莱芜-蒙阴NW向断陷盆地群,并使鲁西块体发生了急剧的陆内伸展隆升。本文在前人研究的基础上,分别在鲁西沂山、徂徕山和蒙山三处进行了大量的样品采集,总计完成了25个样品的测试,获得了一系列新的磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)年代学结果。结合前人已发表的裂变径迹结果,对鲁西地区新生代与伸展变形有关的剥露-隆升作用的时空分布特征、隆升剥露模式及隆升幅度进行分析,并揭示郯庐断裂带在鲁西新生代热隆升过程中的影响。主要认识有:1)新生代以来,鲁西主要经历了始新世-早渐新世和新近纪以来两期快速剥露-隆升阶段。2)始新世-早渐新世主要表现为幕式差异性快速剥露-隆升,鲁西南受NW向断层控制形成向北、向东的掀斜抬升作用,鲁西北受NE向断裂控制,形成向北、向西的掀斜抬升作用。新近纪以来,进入相对低速区域性剥露-隆升阶段。3)AFT模拟显示,与始新世-早渐新世的幕式快速剥露-隆升相比,中新世以来,鲁西剥露-隆升速率相对减小,但剥蚀量剥露-抬升量较大。故鲁西整体抬升于中新世以来。4)结合前人研究成果,新生代以来,鲁西宏观上受郯庐断裂带伸展活动影响,越靠近郯庐断裂带剥蚀量越大,局部受NW或NE向断裂控制。 相似文献
7.
大别山东段的变质地层格架 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
上世纪80年代末以后完成的大别山区1∶5万区域地质调查,将大别山的中深变质杂岩解体为变质变形侵入岩和变质表壳岩两部分,但所建立的构造岩石/地层单位大多沿用了1∶20万区域地质调查的地层名称。与之同期,大别山超高压变质岩发现以来的地质研究也揭示出大别山中深变质岩的主体为正片麻岩,并以变质特征及其构造属性划分出4个构造单元。本文依据前人的地质调查和研究成果,将大别山的变质地层划分为4个岩石地层(构造岩石地层、构造岩石)单位,3个非正式岩石地层单位。论述了它们与区域地质调查所划分的地层单位的对比,以及与4个构造单元的对应关系。 相似文献
8.
珠穆朗玛峰绒布冰川水文过程初步研究 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1
2005年4月8日至10月11日对珠峰地区绒布河水文过程进行了连续6个多月的观测.结果表明:该地区的水文过程与温度有较好的相关性,6~8月3个月流量约占观测期内总流量的80%.对比该地区1959年和2005年的水文观测数据,发现2005年同期总径流量比1959年有较大幅度增加,6~8月3个月月均流量2005年较1959年分别增加69%、35%、14%.分析冰芯恢复的降水量资料和珠峰附近长时间序列气象数据,降水自1950年以来保持下降趋势,而气温却呈缓慢升高.气温升高是径流量增大的关键因素.2005年观测期内控制流域径流深为622 mm,径流模数为38.52 L·s-1·km-2. 相似文献
9.
希夏邦马峰北麓佩枯错湖堰塞成因的解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据对希夏邦马峰北麓佩枯错湖区古湖岸的升降变化、门曲谷地河流阶地和冰水阶地等的实地考察,以及地形图、卫片、航片判读所取得的资料,并结合本区第四纪以来不同时期的上升幅度、古地理变迁、冰期与间冰期更替、动植物演进等方面的研究成果,发现希夏邦马峰北坡第四纪不同时期的冰水相沉积物,曾对门曲谷地有过不同程度的堰塞作用,故而提出佩枯错湖为堰塞成因的解释,其从初始形成、兴盛发育到衰退的演变过程与区内冰川类型从山谷冰川、山麓冰川到山谷冰川的演替过程是一致的． 相似文献
10.
内蒙达里诺尔火山群晚第四纪火山地质特征与岩浆裂隙通道研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
达里诺尔火山群位于中亚造山带中部以及大兴安岭-太行山重力梯度带中部的西侧。该区拥有上百座第四纪火山,其中不乏全新世仍有过喷发的年轻火山。本文选取以鸽子山、锡塔特乌拉等形成时代最晚,推测形成于中更新世晚期至全新世的晚第四纪火山作为研究对象,从火山锥形貌和定向排列两方面推断岩浆补给裂隙通道的几何特征。结果发现,这些火山具有较为一致的NE和NEE两个方向的裂隙通道。这些方向与区域构造最大主压应力方向相近。本文提出在NE向区域主压应力作用下,在研究区域发生NEE走向的左行剪压走滑。在这个走滑带上,瑞德尔断裂提供岩浆补给裂隙通道。而局部连通瑞德尔断裂的断裂提供了NEE向通道。 相似文献
11.
多不杂铜(金)矿床是西藏多龙矿集区重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一。详细的岩心编录和岩相学研究显示,多不杂铜(金)矿床发育4类磁铁矿:磁铁矿-1(Mt1)反射色呈灰白色,它形粒状,部分颗粒包含在黑云母内部;磁铁矿-2(Mt2)反射色呈粉棕色,半自形-它形粒状,边缘被赤铁矿交代,颗粒内部见少量黄铜矿;磁铁矿-3(Mt3)反射色呈粉棕色,自形-半自形,粒度小,表面平整,主要产于角岩化蚀变内;磁铁矿-4(Mt4)反射色呈深灰色,颗粒间隙被黄铁矿、黄铜矿交代。Mt1、Mt2属岩浆磁铁矿或岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型;Mt3、Mt4属岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型。Mt1、Mt2、Mt4磁铁矿形成温度大致在300～500℃,Mt3形成温度明显低于其他三类磁铁矿,大致在200～500℃。4类磁铁矿具有明显的地球化学差异,其中Mt1具... 相似文献
12.
以上饶市幅1∶250000区域地质调查资料为基础,通过野外地质调查和室内综合研究,探讨江西灵山大型环状花岗岩的地貌景观特征及成因,并与黄山、三清山、天柱山花岗岩地貌景观进行对比。灵山花岗岩地貌景观主要分布在环形构造东南外环,海拔1000~1400 m,岩性为中粗粒黑云母碱长花岗岩,为世界罕见的大型环状花岗岩地貌景观,控制地貌形成的主要因素为构造作用、岩浆活动、风化侵蚀和重力崩塌作用。黄山、三清山是锥状峰林地貌景观的典型代表,天柱山以崩塌堆积地貌景观为特色,灵山以大型环状花岗岩峰林地貌景观为特色。天柱山、灵山锥状峰林和石锥地貌景观不如黄山和三清山发育,主要原因是天柱山、灵山比黄山、三清山海拔低400 m左右,冰川、融冻侵蚀作用不如黄山和三清山强烈。 相似文献
13.
A. V. Zernack S. J. Cronin V. E. Neall J. N. Procter 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(8):1937-1966
The >25 ka volcaniclastic ring-plain succession in south-west Taranaki has been remapped to establish a much more detailed
understanding of the older stratigraphic record of Mt. Taranaki. Coastal cliff exposures show a range of volcaniclastic lithofacies,
including debris-avalanche and lahar deposits, and allow a detailed chronological reconstruction of past volcanic and sedimentary
events. Five new debris-avalanche deposits were identified, and their distribution in coastal cross-sections mapped. In addition,
four previously described units were renamed and their stratigraphic position and lateral extent redefined. Chronostratigraphic
control of the younger (<50 ka) sequence was obtained by radiocarbon dating of wood found within, or peat interbedded with,
the deposits. Emplacement ages of the older units were estimated from their stratigraphic position and underlying marine wave-cut
surfaces. Overall, at least 14 widespread debris-avalanche deposits occur within the <200 ka ring-plain record of Mt. Taranaki,
suggesting one major edifice failure on average every 14,000 years, with an increase in frequency since 40 ka. The stratigraphic
reconstruction of the ring-plain succession showed that the same pattern of deposition was repeatedly produced throughout
the existence of Mt. Taranaki. Depending on their sedimentological characteristics, the different volcanic and sedimentary
lithofacies can be related to phases of edifice-construction or collapse events. Based on the identified cyclic sedimentation
pattern, we present a new episodic stratigraphy that integrates existing and new lithostratigraphic units into a coherent
chronostratigraphic framework that can be applied to the entire volcanic and volcaniclastic succession at Mt. Taranaki. This
model takes into account the complex geological processes that have taken place on the volcano and provides a more uniform
stratigraphic terminology that could be applied to repeatedly collapsing stratovolcanoes elsewhere. 相似文献
14.
This paper traces the history of mineral exploration in Indonesia between 1967 and 1992, and discusses various technical aspects, such as area selection, exploration and discovery methods, and significant geologic features of the more important new discoveries.Exploration activity over the past 25 years can be divided into four main phases. Phase 1 (1967–1976) mostly involved investigations of mineral prospects and districts previously identified by the Dutch. These investigations resulted in many discoveries, including: a major copper-gold district (skarn-porphyry copper) in Irian Jaya, where exploration is still in progress (resources identified to date: 28 Mt Cu and 2,700 t Au); large nickel resources in Eastern Indonesia (13 Mt Ni); significant onshore and offshore tin resources in the Sumateran tin belt (0.13 Mt Sn); and large but low grade bauxite deposits in West Kalimantan (300 Mt Al2O3). Of the eight Contracts of Work signed between 1967 and 1972, six reached the mining stage. Phase 2 (1970–1975) consisted of an extensive porphyry copper search in the Sunda arc, the western arc of Sulawesi and the central belt of Irian Jaya. Best results were obtained from northern Sulawesi, where follow-up between 1976 and 1982 identified three potentially economic copper-gold deposits (1.7 Mt Cu and 140 t Au) and one subeconomic molybdenum porphyry system (0.8 Mt Mo). During Phase 3 (1981–1988) extensive coal exploration in South and East Kalimantan delineated over 5,000 Mt of coal of varying rank and quality, including 1,500 Mt as measured reserves in 17 deposits, eight of which have been developed to date. Phase 4 (1984–1990) involved a major gold rush, focused primarily on the Cenozoic magmatic belts of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Moluccas and the Sunda arc. Over 80 primary and alluvial gold prospects were drill tested. Five of these were brought into production (two alluvial deposits, two new hard rock discoveries and one Dutch mine), containing approximately 135 tonnes of mineable gold, and several other projects are under development or undergoing feasibility studies. Total geological resources identified to date are estimated to contain about 700 tonnes of gold. Exploration during phase 4 also resulted in several gold-rich porphyry copper discoveries, including a major deposit in Sumbawa (2.7 Mt Cu and 250 t Au). Intermittent exploration for uranium, diamonds and lead/zinc since 1969 has been largely unsuccessful.Exploration is now passing to the next phase, which is likely to be multi-commodity in nature with a strong focus on gold, copper and coal. A number of deposits outlined during earlier phases will be developed.The unprecedented high level of mineral exploration activity over the past 25 years can be attributed to Indonesia's mineral prospectivity and favourable investment climate. Given a continued competitive commercial environment and sustained commodity prices, the next 25 years should see further strong development of the country's mineral resources. 相似文献
15.
自2001年12月连续逐周在贵阳观风山附近对近地面空气210Pb-7Be浓度和沉降量的观测表明:区域性降水和气温制约近地面空气210Pb具高浓度"U"型年分布;降水量和平流层向下输送影响近地面空气7Be月均浓度的季节性变化;210Pb/7Be月均浓度比率受控于210Pb变化和富7Be气团下沉的影响.观风山与瓦里关山之间因纬度和海拔的关系,7Be比率急剧震荡,显示出海洋性贫7Be气团入侵对观风山地区的明显影响.2002-2008年间贵阳观风山近地面空气210Pb的年均浓度(2.8±0.6)mBq/m3,约为全球若干站点中最高平均浓度值的4倍;而7Be的年均浓度(4.8±0.6)mBq/m3,与全球高海拔站点长期观测的平均值相当,大约为北半球中纬度对流层顶部附近7Be浓度值(18.0 mBq/m3)的1/3.8,显示出低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平.2003年,瓦里关山和观风山近地面空气7Be的年均浓度比为3.8,与预期的大气输送和混合作用基本一致.7Be月均浓度的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数减少的变化关系,其影响底线大约为4 mBq/m3;7Be年均浓度波动的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数降低的可能影响.贵阳观风山降水中7Be和210Pb的体积加权浓度分别为0.72 Bq/L和0.27 Bq/L;年沉降通量分别为0.080 Bq/(cm2·a)和0.031 Bq/(cm2·a).数值模拟显示出全球空气210Pb高浓度区和高沉降通量环带分布,印证了洱海和红枫湖沉积物7Be和157Cs蓄积的模拟结果. 相似文献
16.
Using radio echo sounder, ice thickness of Keqikaer Glacier tongue was measured in 1981 and 2004. Data obtained by comparing
topographical maps, aerial and satellite photographs at different times, illustrates changes of the thickness and advance/retreat
of Keqikaer Glacier. Keqikaer Glacier has been in intensive retreat since the 1990s and become thinner since the 1980s. Measured
thickness of the ice tongue indicates reducing with a speed of 0.5–1.5 m a−1 since 1981. The shrinkage of the glacier terminus is less than 2% of the total length during the last 30 years; however,
the retreat of terminus position and the thinning of the ice thickness provides significant information that these glaciers
on the south slope of Mt. Tuomuer are in an intensively decreasing phase in recent time. 相似文献
17.
Benchmarks installed on the upper eastern flank of Mt. Etna in 1982 have subsided continually since then, with the rate of subsidence twice accelerating prior to eruptions. The first of these eruptions was in December 1985, and the second in September 1989. This pattern of accelerating downslope movement has also been observed prior to landslides, and recent work applying knowledge of the failure of materials has shown that analysis of the inverse rate of these movements can be used to predict the time of failure. Post-eruption analyses of geodetic or seismic data from volcanoes has shown that in several cases, this approach could have been used to forecast eruptions weeks in advance. Applying the same principles to the accelerating subsidence on Mt. Etna's eastern flank prior to the eruptions of 1985 and 1989 shows that rough estimates of eruption dates could have been obtained several months in advance. These observations also suggest a speculative eruption-triggering mechanism involving an interplay between slope creep deformation and extensional weakening over the zone of intrusion. 相似文献
18.
南迦巴瓦峰西北坡末次冰期以来的冰川变化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本区自晚更新世以来的冰川变化可分为距今25000—10000年的末次冰期、距今3500—1000年的新冰期和距今400—200年的小冰期,冰川面积逐次减小,雪线上升,与气候变化具同步性。 相似文献
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Giovanna Daniele 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(5):313-333
AbstractThis work deals with the Cretaceous-Tertiary Helminthoid flysch successions of the Emilian Apennines and related basal complexes (Mt. Caio, Val Baganza, Solignano, Mt. Venere-Monghidoro and Mt. Cassio Units): it is based on an integrated approach which included stratigraphic, petrographic and structural observations. Detailed stratigraphic sections measured in the various successions evidenced the specific features of the different flysch formations. The main framework composition analysis of the arenites pointed out a partly ‘oceanic’ alimentation for the Mt. Caio Flysch Fm; the Mt. Venere-Monghidoro, and Mt. Cassio Flysch Fms have been alimented exclusively by a terrigenous detritus mainly derived from continental basement source areas. The heavy mineral assemblage of the Mt. Caio Flysch Fm is characterized by picotite, that of the Mt. Venere-Monghidoro, Solignano and Mt. Cassio Flysch Fms commonly contains straurolite, garnet and chloritoid, generally considered to be typical products of the Adriatic continental margin. The calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy indicated that the flysch sedimentation started during the Late Campanian and ended between the Paleocene (Mt. Cassio Flysch Fm and Mt. Venere-Monghidoro Fms) and the Middle Eocene (Mt. Caio Flysch Fm). We propose a schematic paleogeographic restoration for the External Ligurian Domain which implies a more internal position for the Mt. Caio succession and a more external one for the Mt. Venere-Monghidoro and Mt. Cassio successions. The Helminthoid flyschs sedimented after and during deformation and subduction phases in perched and fore-arc basins partly overlying the marginal part of the Adriatic plate. The External Ligurian nappes’ stacking consists, in the study area, from the bottom, of the following units: Caio Unit, Val Baganza Ophiolitic Unit, Monghidoro Unit, Cassio Unit. This pile of thrust-nappes, sealed by the Epiligurian succession, has been already realized before Late Eocene. In our opinion it was generated by a frontal west-verging frontal accretion process (offscraping), which let the flysch successions remain, in this phase, quite undeformed. This westverging thrusting phase, starting from the Middle-Late Eocene, has been followed by an important folding event which generated striking hectometric and kilometric ‘Apenninic’ reverse folds, sometimes associated with NE-verging thrust surfaces. The Oligocene and post-Oligocene evolution is characterized by a block-translation of the Ligurian staking over the Subligurian, Tuscan and Umbrian Domains, associated with a new generation of minor thrusts and thrust related Apenninic folds. © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献