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1.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):1932-1944
Nephrite in the Fengtien area of the eastern part of the Central Mountain Range, Taiwan, is associated with antigorite-serpentinite within the Yuli belt, a late Cenozoic subduction–accretionary complex related to the eastward subduction of the South China Sea plate forming the Luzon arc. Diopsidite and clinozoisite rock are two other metasomatic components accompanying nephrite between serpentinites and the greenschist-facies country rock (carbonaceous material-)quartz-mica schist. Detrital zircons were separated from one clinozoisite rock sample, formed through metasomatic replacement after mica-quartz schist at temperatures of 320–420°C or slightly lower, which is lower than the metamorphic temperature conditions of the Yuli belt. Most of the detrital zircons have thin zircon rims less than 15–20 μm wide. These zircon rims, considered as newly formed during metasomatism leading to nephrite/diopsidite/clinozoisite rock formation, were dated by a high lateral resolution secondary ion mass spectrometer (CAMECA NanoSIMS NS50). The resulting 238U/206Pb-204Pb/206Pb inverse isochron gave an age of 3.3 ± 1.7 Ma. The collision of the Eurasian continental margin with the Luzon arc has been suggested to have begun at ca. 6.5 Ma in the Taiwan area. The nephrite formation processes therefore clearly post-dated South China Sea plate subduction. The present date, substantiated by the metamorphic and metasomatic temperature information, demonstrates that the fluid–rock interaction forming Fengtien nephrite would have taken place during a Barrovian-type metamorphic overprint resulting from arc-continent collision, leading to the exhumation of the Yuli belt. This conclusion on nephrite formation with regard to regional tectonics can serve as a working model for future studies on other nephrite deposits with similar occurrences, mostly embedded within Mesozoic or older subduction-accretionary complexes. The Fengtien nephrite deposit is therefore the youngest one of its kind exposed on Earth’s surface. 相似文献
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G. Neef 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1):15-29
K‐Ar age measurements using the 40Ar/39Ar total fusion technique on nephrite from two occurrences in the Great Serpentine Belt southeast of Tamworth yielded ages of 273 ± 5.8 and 280 ± 5.6 m.y. The K‐Ar ages indicate that tectonic emplacement, during which the nephrite was produced as a reaction product between ultra‐mafic rock and country rock, occurred early in the Permian about 275–280 m.y. ago. 相似文献
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Ruslan I. Kostov Christo Protochristov Chavdar Stoyanov Lszl Csedreki Alíz Simon Zita Szikszai Imre Uzonyi Bisserka Gaydarska John Chapman 《Geoarchaeology》2012,27(5):457-469
Neolithic artifacts made of nephrite, □Ca2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2, are found at prehistoric settlements in Bulgaria. This study investigates these objects based on particle induced X‐ray emission using a scanning nuclear microprobe (micro‐PIXE technique). Seven nephrite artifacts from the Neolithic sites of Kovachevo, Bulgarchevo and Galabnik in southwest Bulgaria were analyzed to quantify their composition and to establish if a correlation exists between the distribution of major and trace elements, color, impurities, and texture. The nephrite artifacts are tremolite in composition, with a proposed ultrabasic origin. Based on the geochemical data obtained by micro‐PIXE, we divide the artifacts into Group 1 objects from the Kovachevo site and Group 2 objects from the Galabnik and Bulgarchevo sites. The analytical data and microprobe analyses are compared with geochemical data of nephrite from across the globe. The results are in a good agreement with previous electron microprobe and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy data. Our study provides a better understanding of the mineralogy and geochemistry of nephrite artifacts and helps to address questions regarding origin and the distribution of such materials in Bulgaria and other Balkan countries. 相似文献
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We present the whole rock and the mineral chemical data for upper mantle peridotites from the San-Jiang region in Yunnan, SW China. These peridotites are a part of a Paleo-Tethyan ophiolite belt occurring along the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang suture zones. All samples of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang ultramafic rocks are completely serpentinized. The Jinshajiang serpentinites are characterized by no relict of olivine and pyroxene, and the Cr# content of spinels is 0.32–0.49. The Lancangjiang serpentinites were collected from two different locations; the northern location which has some relict of Opx(Al2O3 is 0.13–2.2 wt%, TiO 2 is 0.004–0.057 wt% and Mg# content is 0.895–0.933) and the Cr# content of spinel is 0.26-0.55; the southern location, which has some relict of Olivine(Fo = 90–92.5 and NiO = 0.12–0.26 wt%), and spinel Cr# ranging from 0.41 to 0.57. The whole rock geochemical and the mineral chemistry data imply that the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites represent abyssal peridotites residues after ~15–20% partial melting for the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang serpentinites(south location), and ~11–19% partial melting for the Lancangjiang serpentinites(north location). In addition, the compositional trends of the spinel analyses of the Lancangjiang serpentinites imply that the MORB melt-peridotite interaction process played a significant role during their evolution. These processes are evidenced by an increase in Cr# with an increase in TiO 2, whereas the spinel analyses of the Jinshajiang serpentinites display an increase in Cr# with a decrease in Ti O2, indicating that the Jinshajiang serpentinites were subjected to a simple partial melting process. 相似文献
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青海软玉的岩石矿物学特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对采自青海东昆仑三岔口软玉矿区的样品进行了显微硬度、扫描电镜、X射线粉晶衍射物相定性和结晶度等分析,并将分析结果与新疆和田软玉进行了对比研究,发现青海软玉普遍显示出硬度较高、透闪石含量稍低、结晶度偏高的特点;透闪石主要呈毛毡状交织结构、显微纤维结构和显微片状结构,定向性普遍较好。对比两地软玉矿区的矿床地质特征,发现青海软玉成矿母岩相对贫Mg、Si而富Ca,动力改造相对较弱,成矿温度较高,这是造成两地所产软玉在上述岩石矿物学特征上巨大差异的根本原因;也是造成青海软玉透明度偏高、油润度不足的根本原因。 相似文献
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继贵州罗甸、广西大化发现多个新型透闪石玉矿床之后,在同属黔桂地区的广西巴马亦发现了透闪石玉矿。通过偏光显微镜镜下观察、X射线衍射仪、电子探针及重砂分析等测试手段对广西巴马玉的宝玉石矿物学特征进行了研究,发现巴马玉主要由微晶透闪石组成,具毛毡状结构和束状结构,多见水草花结构,其主要矿物成分为微晶透闪石集合体,并含有滑石、褐铁矿、高岭石等次要矿物,Mg~(2+)/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+))-Si投点显示数个巴马玉样品分别属于透闪石和阳起石,定名为闪石玉。巴马透闪石玉的密度为2.81～3.00 g/cm3,折射率为1.61,硬度为5.19～5.32,次要矿物滑石是导致其硬度低的原因。根据电子探针数据计算出巴马玉相关化学式并对比分析,发现巴马玉样品中C位Fe~(2+)的数量为0.08～0.67 a.p.f.u,随着样品颜色从淡紫到青灰到深青灰变化,C位Fe~(2+)的数量也相继增加,说明颜色的变青加深与巴马玉Fe元素的含量增加有关。X射线衍射分析结果显示水草花的矿物成分中有针铁矿的存在,说明巴马玉水草花为地表次生结构。通过野外观察,对其主要化学元素、稀有元素以及稀土元素等特征进行综合分析并与其它矿点的相关特征进行横向对比,基本确定了巴马玉矿床为辉绿岩侵入碳酸盐岩经过岩浆热液接触交代作用而形成的层控性接触交代型岩浆热液矿床,与之前发现的位于黔桂地区的贵州罗甸、广西大化闪石矿的成因一致,它们应属于同一矿带。 相似文献
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青海软玉产出的地质特征及物质成分特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青海软玉自20世纪90年代初被开采利用以来逐渐被人们认识和喜爱,尤其被选定用来制作2008年北京奥运会的金、银、铜奖牌（金镶玉）后,更是引发了人们对它的极大兴趣,现已成为我国软玉玉料的主要来源之一。首先介绍了青海软玉产出的地质特征,并利用偏光显微镜观察、X荧光光谱分析、红外光谱分析、X射线粉末衍射分析等测试手段对各个颜色品种及不同成因品种的青海软玉样品进行了较系统的研究,结果显示,青海软玉的物质成分特征为：青海软玉的主要化学成分为SiO2,MgO,CaO,其质量分数较为稳定,变化范围不大;主要矿物组成是透闪石,其质量分数多数大于99%。 相似文献
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采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）系统对产自新疆和田的软玉样品的主要矿物组成、化学成分、显微结构等进行了较详细的研究,并与产自中国青海、辽宁、河南及韩国的软玉样品进行了比较。结果表明,各产地软玉样品的矿物组成、化学成分和显微结构有一定的差异。和田软玉样品中含有镁质绿泥石,而辽宁软玉样品中含有较多的闪锌矿,青海软玉样品中有含Zr元素矿物的颗粒,河南软玉样品中有含La与Ce元素较高矿物的颗粒;对纯度较高的软玉样品,仅依靠主成分很难区分其产地,但依靠其微量元素成分却能起到较好的鉴别作用;和田软玉样品中透闪石的显微结构较致密,纤维尺寸要小于其它产地软玉样品的。以上信息对确定软玉的产地具有较好的参考意义。 相似文献
10.
近期,中国贵州省罗甸县发现了一种新的软玉矿。为了验证贵州罗甸软玉的矿物组成,采用ICP-MS,XRD及FTIR等测试仪器对该软玉样品进行了测试与研究。结果表明,贵州罗甸软玉主要由透闪石组成,含少量的方解石细脉及燧石团块;其折射率、密度与标准的透闪石接近,但普遍略低于新疆和田玉的。为了进一步评估贵州罗甸软玉的质地,运用SEM观测其显微结构,揭示其透闪石主要呈纤维状、柱状和片状变晶结构,晶粒（片）粒度小,结构细腻,具有较好的加工性能。XRD慢速扫描结果显示,贵州罗甸软玉中透闪石矿物的结晶度相对较高,推测可能与其相对稳定的结晶环境有关。 相似文献
11.
The Zermatt‐Saas serpentinite complex is an integral member of the Penninic ophiolites of the Central Alps and represents the mantle part of the oceanic lithosphere of the Tethys. Metamorphic textures of the serpentinite preserve the complex mineralogical evolution from primary abyssal peridotite through ocean‐floor hydration, subduction‐related high‐pressure overprint, meso‐Alpine greenschist facies metamorphism, and late‐stage hydrothermal alteration. The early ocean floor hydration of the spinel harzburgites is still visible in relic pseudomorphic bastite and locally preserved mesh textures. The primary serpentine minerals were completely replaced by antigorite. The stable assemblage in subduction‐related mylonitic serpentinites is antigorite–olivine–magnetite ± diopside. The mid‐Tertiary greenschist facies overprint is characterized by minor antigorite recrystallization. Textural and mineral composition data of this study prove that the hydrated mineral assemblages remained stable during high‐pressure metamorphism of up to 2.5 GPa and 650 °C. The Zermatt‐Saas serpentinites thus provide a well documented example for the lack of dehydration of a mantle fragment during subduction to 75 km depth. 相似文献
12.
不同颜色青海软玉微观形貌和矿物组成特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青海软玉颜色丰富,近年来对青海软玉矿物学的研究不少,但针对不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征的研究还存在欠缺。本文利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针及粉晶X射线衍射仪器,从透闪石微形貌特征、微观结构、矿物组成及结晶度四个方面,研究了青海软玉颜色与矿物学特征的对应关系。结果表明:白玉、烟青玉、糖玉中透闪石主要为纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构,结晶度为96. 12%～96. 88%;青白玉和翠青玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片变晶结构,结晶度为97. 35%,97. 32%;青玉和碧玉中透闪石主要为叶片状,显微叶片-隐晶质变晶结构,结晶度为95. 48%,95. 29%;黄玉中透闪石主要为柱状,显微柱状变晶结构,结晶度为97. 84%。青海软玉主要组成矿物均为透闪石,含量在95%以上,部分次要矿物如翠青玉中的榍石、黄玉中的钙长石、青玉中的菱镁矿、碧玉中的铬铁矿、糖玉中的斜黝帘石只出现在特定颜色的青海软玉样品中。研究认为不同颜色青海软玉矿物学特征确实存在差异,这些特征为研究不同颜色青海软玉成矿环境及成矿条件提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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小灶火软玉矿床位于东昆仑造山带西段,同新疆和田玉处于昆仑山脉同一条成矿带上。该矿床软玉种类主要为青玉,其中透闪石含量达99%以上,为特殊的镁矽卡岩矿床。对该矿区青玉及其相关的黑云二长花岗岩进行了系统的LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石微量元素、U-Pb及Lu-Hf同位素研究。结果显示,黑云二长花岗岩中均为具典型韵律振荡环带的岩浆成因锆石,锆石U-Pb定年得到其成岩年龄为415.8±1.7 Ma;锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值为1.5~6.6,亏损地幔Hf模式年龄(tDM)为779~965 Ma,指示黑云二长花岗岩为东昆仑原特提斯造山带后碰撞阶段新生的新元古代地壳物质熔融的产物。青玉中的锆石可分为两类,其中主要锆石群——I类锆石呈补丁状环带、面状环带或无环带,且具有与黑云二长花岗岩中的岩浆锆石明显不同的稀土元素及Hf同位素特征,显示典型的热液锆石特点,其U-Pb年龄416.4±1.5 Ma代表了青玉的形成时间;II类锆石(416 Ma、471 Ma、818 Ma)呈韵律振荡环带,为热液流体从围岩中捕获的继承锆石。小灶火地区成岩-成矿作用的同时性(~416 Ma)表明岩浆岩侵入是软玉矿床形成的岩浆岩条件,软玉成矿作用方式为热液交代和充填作用。值得注意的是,用热液锆石的Hf同位素来示踪软玉成矿流体性质时应十分谨慎,因为成矿热液中的Hf元素在同时结晶的两种不同矿物(热液锆石和透闪石)间发生了重新分配。 相似文献
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Rodolfo A. TAMAYO Jr Graciano P. YUMUL Jr René C. MAURY Mireille POLVÉ Joseph COTTEN Marcel BOHN 《Resource Geology》2001,51(2):145-164
Abstract: The Antique ophiolite, located in Panay island (west‐central Philippines), corresponds to several tectonic slices within the suture zone between the Philippine Mobile Belt (PMB) and the North Palawan Block (NPB). It includes dismembered fragments of a basaltic sequence, dominantly pillow‐lavas with minor sheet flows, rare exposures of sheeted dikes, isotropic gabbros, subordinate layered mafic and ultramafic rock sequences and serpentinites. Most of the ophiolite units commonly occur as clasts and blocks within the serpentinites, which intrude the whole ophiolitic body, as well as, the basal conglomerate of the overlying Middle Miocene sedimentary formation. The volcanic rock sequence is characterized by chemical compositions ranging from transitional (T)‐MORB, normal (N)‐MORB and to chemistry intermediate between those of MORB and island arc basalt (IAB). The residual upper mantle sequence is harzburgitic and generally more depleted than the upper mantle underlying modern mid‐oceanic ridges. Calculations using whole‐rock and mineral compositions show that they can represent the residue of a fertile mantle source, which have undergone degrees of partial melting ranging from 9‐22.5 %. Some of the mantle samples display chondrite‐nor‐malized REE and extended multi‐element patterns suggesting enrichments in LREE, Rb, Sr and Zr, which are comparable to those found in fore‐arc peridotites from the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana (IBM) arc system. The Antique ultramafic rocks also record relatively oxidizing mantle conditions (Δlog fO2 (FMQ)=0.9‐3.5). As a whole, the ophiolite probably represents an agglomeration of oceanic ridge and fore‐arc crust fragments, which were juxtaposed during the Miocene collision of the PMB and the NPB. The intrusion of the serpentinites might be either coeval or subsequent to the accretion of the oceanic crust onto the fore‐arc. Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits occur either in or near the contact between the pillow basalts and the overlying sediments or interbedded with the sediments. The morphology of the deposits, type of metals, ore texture and the nature of the host rocks suggest that the formation of the VMS bodies was similar to the accumulation of metals around and in the subsurface of hydrothermal vents observed in modern mid‐oceanic ridge and back‐arc basin rift settings. The podiform chromitites occur as pods and subordinate layers within totally serpentinized dunite in the residual upper mantle sequence. No large coherent chromitite deposit was found since the host dunitic rocks often occur as blocks within the serpentinites. It is difficult to evaluate the original geodynamic setting of the mineralized bodies since the chemistry of the host rocks were considerably modified by alteration during their tectonic emplacement. A preliminary conclusion for Antique is that the VMS is apparently associated with a primitive tholeiitic intermediate MORB‐IAB volcanic suite, the chemistry of which is close to the calculated composition of the liquid that coexisted with the podiform chromitites. 相似文献
16.
软玉中的一种绿色斑点——钙铝榴石 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
近年来我国软玉市场上见到一种比较罕见的局部带有翠绿色矿物的软玉,其矿物组成及绿色斑点还没有相关研究报道.本文应用高倍率光学显微镜观察到绿色矿物的晶形较完整并呈斑点状分布,再利用拉曼光谱仪和能量色散荧光光谱仪对样品及其绿色矿物进行无损分析.结果表明,该软玉样品主要矿物成分为透闪石,呈斑点状分布的绿色矿物为钙铝榴石,钙铝榴石的主要致色元素为Cr元素,因此含Cr绿色钙铝榴石是使玉石局部呈现绿色的原因之一,与青海翠青玉、碧玉的绿色成因有一定差异.绿色石榴石多出现于碧玉中,在其他品种的软玉中一般没有见到,本文研究的玉石中出现一定数量并有一定晶体形态的绿色钙铝榴石对研究该类玉石的产地及矿床成因具有重要意义. 相似文献
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应用元素分析-电子顺磁共振能谱研究不同颜色青海软玉致色元素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
颜色是软玉价值的重要体现,青海软玉颜色丰富,而致色方面的研究较为滞后。近年来青海软玉致色研究多为翠青玉和烟青玉,认为Cr~(3+)和Mn~(2+)分别为翠青玉和烟青玉致色元素。青海软玉的颜色非单一色彩,如青白色、翠绿色、灰紫色等,因此青海软玉致色应包含多种致色元素。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)、化学滴定法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电子顺磁共振能谱(EPR)测试数据,根据分析数据与色调变化之间的关系揭示了8种颜色青海软玉的致色元素。结果表明:白玉致色元素为Fe~(3+);青白玉和碧玉致色元素为Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+);青玉致色元素为Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和高价态的Mn;翠青玉致色元素为Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+);黄玉和糖玉致色元素为Fe~(3+)和高价态的Mn;烟青玉致色元素为Fe~(3+)和Ti~(4+)。研究认为青海软玉中绿色调与Fe~(2+)有关,黄色调与Fe~(3+)和高价态的Mn有关,而蓝紫色调与Fe~(3+)和Ti~(4+)有关。本研究基本确定了不同颜色青海软玉的致色元素,为青海软玉致色机制的研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
18.
Yan Liu Jun Deng Guanghai Shi Taijin Lu Huaiyu He Yi-Nok Ng Chonghui Shen Liqiang Yang Qingfei Wang 《Resource Geology》2010,60(3):249-259
The Hetian deposit, located south of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China, is one of the world's largest dolomite-related nephrite deposits. In the Alamas orebody of the deposit, nephrite occurs as veins or lenses along faults or fissures of the adjacent dolomitic marble. Chemical analyses using electronic microscope probe analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscope were carried out on nephrite and dolomitic marble samples collected from a cross section in Alamas to investigate zonal structure of the orebody. The nephrite in Alamas is predominately composed of tremolite with minor calcite, titanite and phlogopite, and that dolomitic marble is relatively pure with a FeO content less than 0.20 wt. %. Contents of color-inducing elements, such as Fe, Mn, and Cr, increase gradually as color changes from white through white-green and then to green, resulting in the formation of color-distinctive zones. Tremolite grain size increases as color changes from white through white-green to green. The trend may be consistent with temperature changes from dolomitic marble to granodiorite, which, in turn, suggests that both change in color from white to green and variations of grain size with increasing temperature resulting in formation of the nephrite zonal structure. Both nephrite zonal structure and minor minerals, such as calcite, titanite and phlogopite found in the contact, indicate that this dolomite-related nephrite orebody is of a metasomatic origin under assumed pressure of 100–200 MPa and temperature <550°C. 相似文献
19.
“新型玻璃”是最近软玉批发市场上出现频繁的一种冒仿软玉的产品,其特点是外观很像软玉,而且其红外图谱谱形极像软玉的,个别峰位基本吻合,这给软玉的快速鉴定带来了一定的迷惑性和风险。选取一批典型的“新型玻璃”进行常规宝石学测试和红外光谱测试等一系列宝石学研究。测试结果表明,虽然“新型玻璃”的红外图谱谱形极像软玉的,但是两者之间的性质还是有着明显的差别,依据现行国家标准,其鉴定名称可直接命名为“玻璃”;同时,对“新型玻璃”的快速鉴定提出了一些参考建议。 相似文献
20.
溧阳软玉的岩石矿物学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对采自江苏溧阳小梅岭软玉矿区的软玉样品进行了化学成分、扫描电镜、X射线粉晶衍射物相定性和结晶度等分析,确定其主要为透闪石矿物集合体,并具有显微纤维、柱状及片状3种特征结构.将分析结果与新疆软玉进行对比,发现溧阳软玉普遍显示出透闪石含量稍低、透闪石纤维(片晶)定向性良好以及结晶度偏高的特点,这与溧阳软玉矿区动力改造相对较弱密切相关;溧阳软玉显示出ALK含量(>0.51)高于新疆等其他产地(普遍<0.46)的特点,这与其成矿母岩含碱量偏高关系密切.成矿地质条件的不同是造成溧阳与新疆两地所产软玉在上述岩石矿物学特征上巨大差异的根本原因,也是造成溧阳软玉透明度高、油润度不足、工艺加工性能不高的主要原因. 相似文献