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1.
Sedimentology of a Devonian fault-bounded braidplain and lacustrine fill in the lower part of the Skrinkle Sandstones, Dyfed, Wales 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John D. Marshall 《Sedimentology》2000,47(2):325-342
The Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Skrinkle Sandstones of the Pembroke Peninsula are predominantly continental deposits from the post-Caledonian synrift succession at the southern margin of the Upper Palaeozoic Welsh Landmass. The lower part of the Sandstones record deposition in the 30 × 10 km Tenby–Angle fault block, from which a 6- to 68-m-thick interval is described and interpreted as a lacustrine deposit succeeded by a high-energy sandy braidplain succession. The lacustrine deposit is dominated by red mudstones and ripple cross-laminated sandstones. Interbedded quartzose sandstones form a coarsening-upward sequence from the red mudstones in the basin centre, suggesting a deltaic origin, and a smooth-fronted braidplain delta model is proposed. The sequence introduces the braidplain succession, composed of groups of horizontal/low-angle laminated and trough cross-bedded sandstones. These are compared with recent ephemeral stream and sheetflood sediments and their characteristics used to depict a system of mutually erosive sheetflood and channel bodies, the latter produced during the rising and falling stages of flood events, which alternate to produce a thick multistorey sandstone. Palaeocurrent data indicate an axial drainage system from the north-west, running parallel to the main faults of the area. This is supported by the maturity and sandy nature of the sediments. Basin closure towards the south and the postulated Bristol Channel Landmass is inferred. 相似文献
2.
西藏北部改则——班戈地区的下白垩统多巴组中所发育的Ⅴ级旋回表现出3种垂向沉积序列:潮坪相碎屑岩沉积序列(Ⅰ)、浅海相碳酸盐岩沉积序列(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐岩、陆源碎屑岩混合沉积序列(Ⅱ)。其中序列Ⅰ-1和Ⅲ是正常的沉积水体向上变浅的沉积序列,而序列Ⅱ具有明显的陆源碎屑先进积后退积的特征,可进一步分成3个亚类:Ⅱ-1、Ⅱ-2和Ⅱ-3。横向上从南部物源区向北呈Ⅰ→Ⅱ-1→Ⅱ-2→Ⅱ-3→Ⅲ的变化过程。结合盆地构造背景和沉积特征,本文提出多巴组高频旋回的形成与弧背盆地南部冲断带的冲断作用相对应。冲断作用期,物源区粗碎屑物质大量进积,大于盆地基底沉降速率,沉积水体逐渐变浅;冲断间歇期,物源区碎屑物质的供应迅速减少,基底沉降速率逐渐大于碎屑物质的进积速率,沉积水体又有所加深。 相似文献
3.
Combined tide and wave influence on sedimentation patterns in the Upper Jurassic Swift Formation, south-eastern Alberta 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In south‐eastern Alberta, the Oxfordian Swift Formation comprises two unconformity‐bounded sequences. Sequence 1 consists of the shale member. It unconformably overlies Bathonian calcareous shale of the Rierdon Formation and consists dominantly of shale with uncommon hum‐ mocky cross‐stratified siltstone. The shale member comprises up to four parasequences that show a subtle upward‐fining stacking pattern, suggesting overall deepening in a storm‐dominated fully marine basin. Deposition of the shale member was terminated by a fall in relative sea‐level, which in turn initiated sequence 2. During lowstand, a network of north‐east‐ to south‐west‐trending meandering channels incised the top of sequence 1. Despite the preserved morphology of these channels, observations in core suggest that lowstand deposits are absent. These strata were most likely thoroughly reworked by ravinement processes associated with the ensuing transgression and are recorded only by a thin chert pebble lag. Also associated with transgression were significant changes in the physical and ecological conditions in the local Swift basin. These changes were related to modifications in basin configuration and the development of a low‐energy strait, which probably formed as a result of uplift of the Sweetgrass Arch. Within this newly configured basin, brackish‐water conditions prevailed, and sedimentation was dominated by suspension deposition of mud. Bed‐load sediment, composed mostly of very fine and fine sand, made up only a small part of the total sediment flux into the area and was transported principally by low‐energy combined flows with variable‐speed microtidal currents and a low‐energy oscillatory component related to storm waves. Sand was generally deposited in the form of small, discontinuous sand ridges that developed locally throughout the study area – it is these features that form the principal hydrocarbon reservoir bodies in the Swift Formation in the study area. After initiation, ridges built upwards and migrated laterally in response to transport and preferential local deposition of bed‐load sediment. Although common near the unconformity along the top of sequence 1, sand ridges also occur at several higher stratigraphic levels in sequence 2. These latter ridges, however, are not associated with regionally correlatable discontinuities but, instead, were initiated by local bed irregularities, possibly related to breaking internal waves, and were supplied with new sediment transported into the study area. The origin of these sand ridges is therefore not related to changes in relative sea‐level but, instead, to intrabasinal processes in a low‐energy strait. 相似文献
4.
吐鲁番-哈密盆地从晚二叠世到晚第三纪经历了复杂的,多旋回的沉积构造演化历史,造成主要地层间均以不整合为界。盆地内沉积相类型丰富,沉积环境随时间的推移而发生改变。在晚石炭世,盆地北部为浅海环境;到晚二叠世,沉积环境由海相转变为陆相,并在上二叠统下部形成大量冲积相或河流相粗碎屑沉积;在三叠纪,沉积物主要形成于冲积相或河流-湖泊环境中,古气候则由干旱转为温暖湿润。早、中侏罗世,沉积环境以湖泊-沼泽相为主;到晚侏罗世,则以辫状河流相为主及干旱气候为特征。在白垩纪,盆地的沉积范围大为缩小,以湖泊环境为主;第三纪,沉积范围则扩大到整个盆地,沉积相以辫状河流及冲积相为特征,沉积气候干旱,局部地区接受了盐类沉积。古流向分析显示,吐-哈盆地具有复杂的沉积搬运体系。在盆地南侧,沉积物搬运方向总是由南向北,表明觉罗塔格山是盆地的主要物源区;而在盆地北侧,博格达山自晚侏罗世开始隆起,构成盆地的另一新的物源区,沉积物搬运方向由北向南。在白垩及第三纪,博格达山成为盆地的主要物源区。 相似文献
5.
对野外露头、钻井剖面进行了层序界面识别和层序地层分析,重新厘定了研究区二叠系—中三叠统不同相区的地层划分对比方案,将研究区二叠系—中三叠统划分出2个超层序和19个三级层序;以超层序体系域为编图单元,编制了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世层序岩相古地理图,系统揭示了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世各超层序的不同体系域的相带发育规律;分析了研究区二叠纪—中三叠世3个盆地演化阶段(被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段、弧后裂谷盆地阶段、前陆盆地阶段)的盆地充填特征,并建立了相对海平面升降过程中的沉积充填过程及动态演化模式,提出了研究区被动陆缘裂谷盆地阶段和弧后裂谷盆地阶段的低位期为盆-隆相间期,海侵期为台-盆相间的建设期,高位期为台-盆相间格局定型期,中三叠世的受印支运动破坏了台-盆相间格局,转化为前陆盆地的浊积岩沉积。 相似文献
6.
PATRICIA A. McCRORY 《Sedimentology》1995,42(2):223-247
The Neogene Humboldt (Eel River) Basin is located along the north-eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean within the Cascadia subduction zone. This sedimentary basin originated near the base of the accretionary prism in post-Eocene time. Subduction processes since that time have elevated strata in the south-eastern portion of the basin above sea level. High-resolution chronostratigraphic data from the onshore portion of the Humboldt Basin enable correlation of time-equivalent lithofacies across the palaeomargin, reconstruction of slope-basin evolution, and preliminary delineation of climatic and tectonic influence on lithological variation. Emergent basin fill is divided into five lithofacies which clearly document shoaling of the inner trench slope from deep-water environments in early Miocene time to paralic environments in Pleistocene time. The oldest strata consist of hemipelagic mudstones and minor debris-flow breccias deposited in a deep-water setting during elevated sea level. These strata are overlain by glauconite-rich, fine-grained turbidites which heralded an increasing influx of terrigenous detritus. Water depths shoaled earlier in the eastern basin area as the palaeoshoreline prograded seaward. Turbidite deposition ceased in the eastern basin area at about 2-2 Ma, whereas 22 km to the west, turbidite deposition continued until about 1-8 Ma. Lithofacies at the western study site change abruptly across a middle Pleistocene unconformity from outer shelf to paralic deposits. In the east, a more complete Pleistocene section records transition from outer to inner shelf, beach and fluvial environments. The Humboldt Basin lithofacies sequence is overprinted by eustatic control of sediment source. Comparison of sediment character with palaeoceanographic conditions indicates dominance of hemipelagic facies during periods of elevated sea level in the middle Miocene and early Pliocene when depocentres were isolated from terrigenous sediment. Glauconite-rich facies were mobilized from an upper slope setting following these periods of elevated sea level and redeposited in a deep-marine environment. Pleistocene shoreline lithofacies display glacio-esutatic control of depositional environment by recording several cycles of nearshore to fluvial progressions. General models of accretionary prism behaviour and trench-slope basin evolution are compatible with the overall coarsening-upward lithofacies sequence filling the Humboldt Basin. Early structural barriers precluded deposition of terrigenous material except from locally derived debris flows; subsequent shoaling and burial of deactivated thrust-folds enabled turbidity flows to reach the basin floor. However, late-stage tectonism apparently controlled the onset of coarse-grained deposition in this sequence. Significant sand-rich turbidite deposition began in the middle Pliocene, synchronous with tectonic uplift of the southern basin margin. Conversely, cessation of turbidite deposition in the eastern basin area in latest Pliocene time was synchronous with growth of anticlinal structures which again blocked widespread dispersal of turbidity flows. This middle Pliocene to Holocene period of crustal shortening is synchronous with continued reduction in spreading rate along the southern Juan de Fuca ridge, and probably reflects partial coupling between the subducting lithosphere and the overlying accretionary prism. 相似文献
7.
Alluvial sedimentation patterns in the Munster Basin, Ireland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. A. J. MACCARTHY 《Sedimentology》1990,37(4):685-712
Post-Caledonian southern Ireland witnessed the development of a NE-SW orientated half-graben known as the Munster Basin. More than 7 km of non-marine sediments accumulated in the basin during the late Middle and Late Devonian. Marine conditions became established in the southern part of the basin at the end of the Devonian. In this paper, a model for the evolving style of sedimentation in the basin and its periphery is constructed with the aim of identifying the major factors which controlled sedimentation patterns and the architecture of the basin fill. The depositional history of the basin is considered in terms of four successive episodes. During Episode I, gravelly alluvial fans flanked upland areas around the northeastern and northern basin perimeter. These graded southwestwards to a floodplain dominated by sheet-floods. In the western part of the basin, the first of three major fluvial influxes into the basin commenced. During Episode II, the first influx developed into a large sandy braided complex. The sediment was derived from a distant source area located to the north and west of the basin and was transported diagonally across the basin towards the southeast. Episode III witnessed a second influx which drained into the basin from the northeast and north. River channels were of low sinuosity and graded distally to an ephemeral playa lake. Episode IV was marked by a third fluvial influx from the west and northwest. This was confined to the southern half of the basin and drainage was directed towards the east. The fluvial distributaries were flanked by permanently flooded overbank areas. This influx coincided with the first marine transgression which advanced westwards. The end of Episode IV coincided with the beginning of the Carboniferous and was marked by a major marine transgression. Sediment input to the basin was influenced by stable areas occupied by granitic plutons on either side of the basin and a southward downthrowing fault along its northern margin. The drainage direction was principally controlled by E-W trending within-basin faults and an E-W trending stable area located to the south. The basin was fundamentally of the axial transport type, the main drainage having been directed towards the east though there was also a strong lateral influx from the north, northwest and northeast. Stable areas around the, basin periphery resulted in either no sediment preservation or sequences of multistorey channel deposits while thick sequences dominated by fine-grained floodplain or overbank deposits characterized areas of higher subsidence rate within the basin. Movement on the northern basin-margin fault was probably the major cause of the first fluvial influx, while regional subsidence of the basin and its northern periphery resulted in the second influx. The third influx was a response to local subsidence in the southern part of the Munster Basin. This also contributed to the simultaneous westward marine transgression in this area towards the end of the Devonian. Source area denudation and retreat in association with a sea-level rise were ultimately responsible for terminating the alluvial regime in the Munster Basin. 相似文献
8.
ANNE E. MATHER 《Sedimentology》1993,40(6):1069-1089
ABSTRACT Sedimentary basins developed in tectonically active areas commonly display dramatic changes in sedimentation rates, styles and spatial organization of alluvial facies. When deformation rates are relatively high these changes are frequently attributed to deflection and/or ponding of the fluvial systems. This paper examines the indirect modifications that less intense, epeirogenic uplift may instigate, during the latter stages of basin inversion, in the context of a fluvial system adjusting to the deformation. Field evidence is taken from the Sorbas Basin of south-east Spain and data are employed from both the current drainage pattern and ancient (Plio-Quaternary) sedimentary sequence. Major provenance and sedimentation changes in the ancient record (in terms of both rates and styles) are attributed to river capture. Intrinsic controls to the system (fan progradation and trenching) and the prevailing (semi-arid) climate provided the overall framework of fan development (general coarsening upwards sequence and change from sheetflood to braided conditions in the lower part of the sequence). This sedimentation trend was then substantially modified (a change to small meandering channels and a change in provenance) by the capture of the fan feeder by an aggressive subsequent stream. This cut off the connection with the former source area and reduced sediment and water input into the system. Initially the sedimentation rates declined and minor incision was stimulated by the increase in the water to sediment ratio as a result of the reduction in easily erodible sand to the system that resulted from the source area change. This minor incision stimulated a rejuvenation of the streams sourcing the fan, temporarily increasing sediment supply and choking the small channels, leading to a return to unconfined flow conditions. The system rapidly exhausted the sediment from the reduced catchment area leading to a fining upwards and abandonment of the system. This was followed by incision of the modern drainage network stimulated by base level changes in the main Sorbas Basin drainage network, to which the study area was tributary. 相似文献
9.
Abdullah O. Bamousa Saleh S. Matar Mohamed Daoudi Mahmoud I. Al-Doaan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(8):3127-3132
Al-Madinah City is located in the western part of Saudi Arabia on the Arabian Shield. The area underwent several tectonic events that developed its structural and geomorphic features, such as the Infracambrian Najd strike-slip faults, development of the Cenozoic basaltic flows of Northern Harrat Rahat, and Cenozoic N–S and E–W transtensional faults, related to the Red Sea rifting. These successive events formed a deltaic-shaped basin of Al-Madinah. The Al-Madinah basin is part of a 400?×?150-km2 Wadi Qanah–Al-Hamd watershed, which exhibits mainly parallel drainage pattern. Sub-basins, within the main basin, exhibit trellised and radial drainage patterns. The trellised drainage pattern reflects control of the Cenozoic faults, whereas the radial drainage pattern reflects volcanic-related system. Rotation of the Arabian Plate after several extensional events that lead to the opening of the Red Sea influenced the drainage flow to be going from east to west. This geological history that include eruption, normal faulting, and erosion prior to and during the Red Sea rifting formed relief inversion geomorphology of Tertiary basalts that cap Precambrian rocks of the Ayr and Jammah Mountains in western Al-Madinah. The groundwater in the central area is part of the northern Harrat Rahat basaltic aquifer in which the groundwater level rises up in the central area due to the blocking of groundwater flow by constructions below the central area and due to reduced groundwater abstraction. Building a dam 60 km northwest of Al-Madinah would preserve more surface water than the Al-Bayda dam, in which all main valleys join in at the suggested location. 相似文献
10.
作为一类天然色素,类胡萝卜素在自然界中广泛分布。在沉积记录中,类胡萝卜素多以结构稳定的衍生物形式赋存。部分具有芳香基的结构的组分与光合硫细菌的活动有关,因而这些特定生物来源的组分为恢复古水体环境提供了一个重要的依据。通常光合硫细菌多生存在缺氧且富硫的透光层,地质记录中的芳香基类胡萝卜素往往反映了古水体中发育硫化透光带。类胡萝卜素衍生物的组合差异与硫细菌群落的相关性为古水深、微生物优势群落以及营养元素利用与循环等方面的研究提供了线索和证据。因此,类胡萝卜素衍生物在油源对比、生命起源、生物灭绝事件以及大洋缺氧事件等诸多地质过程的研究中起到至关重要的指示作用。本文主要通过探讨准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河组有机质中的类胡萝卜素的结构,分析其成因类型和特定来源,阐释古环境与古气候演化,进而恢复与重建渐新世时期准噶尔盆地南缘古湖泊的水体条件与微生物群落。从结果来看,准噶尔盆地安集海组中发育绿硫细菌来源的绿硫菌烷、异海绵烷等芳香基类胡萝卜素,可以推测这一时期湖泊水体存在硫化透光带现象;同时以叶黄素为来源的叶黄烷指示了蓝细菌是古湖泊中生物群落的重要组成部分。古湖泊发育硫化透光带往往与水体分层有关,而准噶尔盆地渐新世晚期的古气候由湿润转变为干旱似乎对湖泊盐度分层提供有利条件。与此同时,绿硫细菌中出现较高含量的棕色绿硫细菌菌株反映了安集海河组古湖泊的水深较深,且分布范围广阔。通过对安集海河组类胡萝卜素研究,认为渐新世时期准噶尔盆地南缘原始湖泊分布范围向南延伸较广,与构造研究结果吻合。 相似文献
11.
内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区石炭系—二叠系的储集条件——石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件研究之二 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对额济纳旗及其邻区石炭纪—二叠纪盆地基底结构构造和石炭系—二叠系岩石地层特征、沉积演化、沉积相平面展布特征的研究,认为该区石炭纪—二叠纪为统一的裂谷盆地。盆地早石炭世—早二叠世早期为由北向南的上超沉积,早二叠世中期—晚二叠世为由南向北的下超沉积,晚石炭世—早二叠世阿木山期为盆地演化的鼎盛时期,以浅海陆棚相沉积为主;在烃源岩分布、有机质丰度、干酪根类型和烃源岩演化特征研究的基础上,指出广泛发育的浅海陆棚相泥页岩具有良好的生烃条件,发育多套厚度较大、有机碳（TOC）含量中等—较高、以Ⅱ类干酪根为主的烃源岩。烃源岩演化主要受埋藏史的影响,以成熟—高成熟为主。局部地区受华力西末期—燕山期侵入岩热接触的影响,或构造改造强烈的区带受构造动力变质作用的影响,烃源岩演化达到过成熟。 相似文献
12.
在甘肃省石羊河流域历史水资源开发利用情况简述基础上,结合城镇化进程,提出目前武威市的农业用水来源于祁连山山前水库拦蓄地表水,景电二期延伸工程向民勤所调黄河水及部分地方开采地下水;工业、生活用水均取自地下水,水量供给与天然补给上已处于严重失调状态。就城市地下水源地保护区划分而言,以传统的地下水开采影响半径为基本依据所进行的现代地下水源地保护区划分是不合理、不够科学的,应当在地下水补给、径流、排泄条件分析基础上,将水源地上游整个流域划定为保护区,以永久性解决城市地下水供水中存在的水源地安全问题。另外,针对石羊河流域重点治理规划中的调水方案,比较科学、合理的做法是：应从石羊河流域地下水文地质条件出发,遵循第四世地质历史时期形成的地下水补给、径流、排泄通道,在全流域实施压减灌溉面积、减少地下水开采量的同时,将景电二期延伸工程所调黄河水与祁连山山前部分水库地表水部分地或全部地从石羊河上游———武威盆地上游区域通过灌溉或其它方式下渗,补给进入地下水系统中,最终达到六河水系及下游地下水位停止下降,石羊河下游民勤盆地地下水位持续回升的综合治理规划目标,而不是将水直接调入下游民勤盆地。 相似文献
13.
In an effort to gain a better understanding of the relationship between climate, sand supply and aeolian sand deposition, an investigation was undertaken in the Algodones dunefield of south-eastern California to determine: (1) the source of the sand and (2) the mode of sand supply to the Algodones dunefield. Textural, geochemical and mineralogical analyses show that the dune sands were mainly derived from Colorado River sands during episodes when the Colorado River drained west to the Salton Basin instead of south to the Gulf of California. A model is presented which relates episodic aeolian deposition in the Algodones dunefield to the growth of the resulting lake under a persistent, intense north-westerly wind regime and to subsequent desiccation of the lake following diversion of the Colorado River to the Gulf of California. Late Holocene radiocarbon ages for relict lake shoreline deposits correlate with documented episodes of extreme flooding and increased winter storminess across the south-western United States. These conditions are likely to have been the cause of intensified north-westerly winds which coincided with high stands of Lake Cahuilla. Although diversion of the Colorado River to the Salton Basin occurred at least three times during the late Holocene, it is evident that the river did not change its course in response to the majority of the floods. It appears that the critical control on diversion of the river was the difference in gradient between courses leading to the Salton Basin and Gulf of California, which in turn was influenced by fluvial deposition and tectonic activity. Flooding was able to cause diversion of the Colorado River to the Salton Basin only when the difference in gradient between the two courses was relatively small. 相似文献
14.
东昆仑阿拉克湖地区第四纪水系演化过程及其趋势 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据第四系沉积物的沉积时代、沉积类型及盆山耦合与迁移规律,将东昆仑阿拉克湖地区第四纪水系变迁划分了4个阶段：早更新世小型内陆盆地无序水系阶段;中更新世冰川水系与东流水系阶段;晚更新世柴达木盆地内陆水系向南溯源侵蚀阶段;全新世黄河外泄水系形成与发展阶段。根据研究区及相邻地区黄河水系和柴达木盆地内陆水系的溯源侵蚀发展历史及趋势分析,认为研究区未来水系发展趋势不一定是加鲁河袭夺鄂陵湖、扎陵湖两湖及黄河水系,而可能是黄河加快下蚀作用和溯源侵蚀,鄂陵湖和扎陵湖将逐渐消失成为河流,黄河水系最终将袭夺柴达木内陆盆地水系。 相似文献
15.
Relics of a thick, widely spread, fluvial sequence of Early Miocene age are scattered throughout southern Israel, eastern Sinai, the Dead Sea Rift Valley and the western margins of the Jordanian Plateau. These relics are mainly preserved in structural lows, karstic systems, and abandoned stream valleys. The paleogeography of this fluvial system was reconstructed based on the relations between the sequence remnants and the main structural and morphological features of the southeastern Levant region.Three sedimentary associations were identified in the Miocene sequence: a lower part dominated by locally derived clastic sediments; a thicker middle part, composed mostly of far-field allochthonous clastic sediments; and an upper part composed of local as well as allochthonous sediments. The two lower parts are regionally distributed whereas the upper part is syn-tectonic and confined to the Dead Sea basin and the Karkom graben in the central Negev. The composition of the far-field allochthonous sediments points to a provenance of Precambrian crystalline rocks of the Arabo-Nubian massif that were exposed along the uplifted shoulders of the Red Sea Rift as the upper drainage basin of the fluvial system. The diverse mammal remains found in this fluvial sequence suggest a complex of savanna, forests and fluvial habitats similar to those of present East Africa, with monsoon-type rains, which were the dominant water source of the rivers.The thickness of the Miocene sequence in the central Negev is at least 1700 m, similar to that of the subsurface sequence encountered in the Dead Sea basin. This similarity suggests that both were parts of an extensive subsiding sedimentary basin that developed between the Neo-Tethys and the uplifted margins of the Red Sea.The relations between the reconstructed pre-depositional landscape of southern Israel during the Early Miocene and the overlying fluvial sequence indicate that the entire area was buried under several hundred meters of fluvial sediments, reflecting a subsidence of the northern margins of the African continent (Arabian plate) before its breakup and the splitting of the Sinai–Israel subplate by the Dead Sea Transform.During the early Middle Miocene the subsidence was inversed as the mountainous backbone of Israel was uplifted. The uplift triggered a large scale denudation that removed the thick Early Miocene fluvial sequence from the Negev and transported the eroded sediments northwestward toward the eastern Mediterranean basin. Additional uplift during the late-Middle Miocene was associated with entrenchment of the Be’er Sheva Valley between the Judea Mountains in the north and the Negev Highlands in the south. This valley was flooded by the sea during the Late Miocene.We suggest that the formation of the Early Miocene subsiding basin at the northern edge of the Arabian sub-plate predated the breakup of the Arabian plate by the DST. The inversion of the subsiding regime, which led to the establishment of the Negev Highlands seems to be intimately related to the detachment of the Sinai–Israel sub-plate from the Arabian plate during the Middle Miocene. 相似文献
16.
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
三叠纪延长期长7沉积期是鄂尔多斯盆地中生代湖盆发育的鼎盛时期,沉陷幅度大,湖盆范围广。通过研究明确了长7沉积期物源来自盆地周边五个方向,其中东北部、西南部为主要物源方向,西部、南部、西北部为次要物源方向;长7主要发育三角洲相和湖泊相,进一步划分出5种亚相10种微相,其中长73期湖盆面积最大,半深湖—深湖相浊积砂体不发育,暗色泥岩及高阻泥岩发育,为中生界主要优质烃源岩;长72期,半深湖—深湖相沉积面积明显减少,浊积砂体较发育;长71期,湖盆面积及半深湖-深湖相沉积面积继续减少,浊积砂体最为发育,是长7油藏的主力储层。 相似文献
17.
TADEUSZ MAREK PERYT 《Sedimentology》1994,41(1):83-113
The Lower Werra Anhydrite (Zechstein, Upper Permian) deposits of the teba area originated in a deep basin setting, in shallow to deep water conditions. Facies changes occur within small distances and suggest fluctuating boundaries between well defined basins and platforms. This pattern of local platforms and adjacent basins developed during deposition. In basinal areas, the sequence is clearly transgressive, whereas on platforms accumulation kept pace with subsidence after an initial transgression. Nodular anhydrite represents a polygenetic deposit which formed at different times with respect to deposition. Massive anhydrite with pseudomorphs after upright-growth gypsum crystals suggest rapid precipitation in a subaqueous environment and/or fluctuating, but generally high, salinity conditions. Massive clastic sulphate originated due to periodic high energy events and resedimentation, or due to brecciation possibly connected with salinity fluctuations and the dissolution of halite. Massive, textureless anhydrite is locally porous and passes upward into breccia, indicating a strongly saline environment. Bedded anhydrite is considered to form in shallow water environments and laminated anhydrite in deep water. Bedded anhydrites contain portions which are graded. Intercalations of sulphate turbidites and upright-growth gypsum suggest fluctuating water depths, with comparatively deep water during turbidite deposition, but shallower conditions during upright-growth gypsum deposition. The sequence observed in slope zones at platform-basin margins, detrital (parautochthonous) sulphate sand to graded beds to basinal laminites, indicates that redistribution processes were important. At the onset of the Lower Werra Anhydrite deposition bathymetric relief existed between the central part of the basin and its margins, where carbonate platforms remained subaerially exposed. Formation of local platforms and adjacent basins required a relatively high subsidence rate, as pre-existing relief cannot account for the total accumulated thickness of the Lower Werra Anhydrite deposits. One implication of this is that the main argument against ‘the shallow water - shallow basin’ evaporite basin model, i.e.,a very fast rate of subsidence, may not be valid for the Łeba Lower Werra Anhydrite basin. 相似文献
18.
The infill of a small Variscan basin shows a complex succession of lacustrine and alluvial sediments whose pattern of distribution through time appears to have changed in response to contemporaneous volcanism. Following initial deposition of pyroclastic breccias and extrusion of lavas, small lakes were established on the floor of the basin. Their infills were probably locally controlled by relief on top of the lavas but the pattern was disrupted by phases of mass movement from the basin margin which emplaced debris flows and a sedimentary mélange containing large blocks of limestone and led to extensive soft-sediment deformation. This complex sequence of events culminated in the emplacement of a widespread ash-flow bed. An alluvial plain, established during a period of rather uniform subsidence, was rapidly drowned to give an extensive lake whose progradational infill led to re-establishment of an alluvial plain. The deposition of a widespread airfall tuff coincided with the onset of differential subsidence during which major channel sandstones were stacked in association with poorly drained palaeosols in the east of the area, whilst a mudstone-dominated sequence characterized by well-drained palaeosols developed in the west. A return to more uniform subsidence appears to have coincided with the cessation of volcanic activity. 相似文献
19.
黄骅坳陷南部的古近系孔店组是渤海湾裂陷盆地古近纪最早的沉积地层。孔店组分布在相向倾斜的沧东断层与徐西断层构成的地堑之中。综合分析盆地剖面构造特征、残留地层厚度分布及层序结构、断层生长指数等,认为黄骅坳陷南部孔店组沉积时期经历了从伸展拗陷（或拗断）盆地向伸展断陷盆地的构造古地理演化。孔三段、孔二段沉积时期,黄骅坳陷南部发育大量规模小的正断层,断层分布均匀、活动强度较弱,且彼此间的差异性较小,同沉积期的活动断层基本上不影响沉积区的沉降-沉积作用,充填的沉积层总体上表现为平行、亚平行或凹叠状的层序结构,沧东断层和徐西断层上盘残留地层缺失边缘相。这些特征说明沧东断层和徐西断层可能并没有构成控制孔三段、孔二段沉积时期的边界,孔三段、孔二段沉积时期沉积区可能总体上表现为伸展“拗陷”或“拗断”的构造古地理面貌。孔一段沉积时期,正断层活动明显增强,且断层活动强度的差异性明显,地壳伸展变形主要集中在沉积区内部的几条规模较大的主干基底断层和沧东断层、徐西断层上,沧东断层、徐西断层成为对沉积区有约束的边界断层,充填的沉积层总体上表现为楔状层序结构,沉积区可能总体上表现为伸展“断陷”的构造古地理面貌,并破坏了孔三段、孔二段沉积时期的盆地原型。 相似文献
20.
东海盆地新生代沉积环境 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
东海盆地是新生界为主的沉积盆地,根据地震和钻井资料分析,可划分为四套沉积层序:白垩统-古新统、始新统、渐新统-中新统和上新统-第四系.沉积环境经历了浅海、海陆交替相→海湾相→河湖交潜相→平原河流相→浅海(开阔海)相的发育历程. 相似文献