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《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1365-1376
Syngenetic hydrocarbon potentials of sediments, in different stages of their progressive catagenesis, are indicated by a) structural-textural and b) mineralogical alterations, c) changes in physical properties of clays, and d) transformations of organic substance. The progressive orderly sequence of catagenetic stages and substages is shown in relation to pressure and temperature at increasing depth (table 2). The relative meaningfulness of the indications of gas, oil, gas condensate, and ranks of coal, here categorized, is shown to depend upon the stage of the catagenesis (fig. 4). —V.P. Sokoloff. 相似文献
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砂岩铀矿成矿过程中有机质作用的实验研究--以吐鲁番-哈密盆地十红滩铀矿床为例 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
本文利用采自吐鲁番-哈密盆地西南部的样品,有针对性地做了一系列有机质抽提及分离实验,即①利用氯仿抽提岩石中有机质实验;②利用CS2-NmP(二硫化碳-N-甲基-2吡咯烷酮)抽提岩石中有机质实验;③腐殖质提取及分离实验。以上有机质抽提物及分离物分别做铀含量测试。通过实验发现,按以上实验顺序．岩石有机质提取物或分离物中铀含量依次有不同程度的提高,其中以腐殖质中分离出的黄腐酸(Fulvic acids)中铀含量最高,说明在吐哈盆地西南部砂岩铀矿的形成过程中有机质(主要是腐殖质和沥青质)的吸附作用起到部分作用．起最主要作用的是黄腐酸,而且与铀酰离子是以络合(或螯合)形式进行迁移。通过实验和分析,作者认为腐殖质(Humic substances)的络合作用和吸附作用在铀的迁移过程中是紧密相联的,而不是互相孤立的两种作用。在铀的迁移和沉淀富集过程中,黄腐酸(Fulvic acids)和腐殖酸(Humic acids)分别起到不同作用。 相似文献
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An understanding of the processes that lead to long-term stabilization of organic matter in soils is essential to the effective implementation of strategies designed to mitigate CO2 loss from the soil carbon reservoir in temperate climatic zones. Decomposition studies indicate that montmorillonite, a smectite that often forms with interlayers rich in Ca2+, greatly retards the microbial mineralization of soil organic matter. We performed a series of atomistic simulations designed to identify favorable molecular-scale organo-mineral interactions within nanoscale, hydrated complexes consisting of a humic substance and Ca-montmorillonite. Both protonated and Ca-saturated forms of the model humic molecule, representing acidic and circumneutral solution conditions, respectively, were studied within the hydrated interlayer region of a rigid-atom model of Ca-montmorillonite. The protonated humic substance formed direct hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions with the clay mineral. A few polar organic groups adsorbed via water bridging interactions. The Ca-saturated humic substance adsorbed via numerous cation bridges, less numerous water bridges, and indirect H-bonding interactions mediated by water molecules. Application of molecular modeling techniques to this complex organo-mineral system thus allowed identification of interactions favorable to carbon sequestration under both acidic and circumneutral conditions. 相似文献
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有机沉积区中由微生物导致的物质与能量转化 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
从有机质转化为石油及煤的过程,实质上是含碳化合物的转化、能量的转换与贮集以及两者之间相互作用的过程。世界上的有机物是由生物建造的。有机物中的能量渊源于太阳能及地球内部贮能。植物及自养菌从光和还原性无机物中获得能量,用以还原CO2为有机物,贮能于其中,它们是有机物的生产者。 相似文献
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Thermographic expression of the level of metamorphism of carbonaceous rocks,as in western Uzbekistan
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1722-1725
The temperature at which organic substance begins to burn, i.e., the exothermal effect in the thermograms, is found to represent directly the degree of recrystallization of organic substance of the rock, which in turn represents the degree of regional metamorphism, namely: epigenesis, 360-400°C; slate-schist, 440°C; beginnings of progressive zonal regional metamorphism: in muscovite-chlorite rocks, 440-550°C; in biotite-chlorite zone, up to 650°C; in andalusite-staurolite zone, up to 700-740°C. 相似文献
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珠江马口站,河口站断面水体有机碳含量的季节变化 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
１９９７年７月份和１１月份对北河口站和西江马口站水体有机碳含量进行了两次采样分析。结果表明;两江水体的颗粒有机碳含量在不同 均高于溶解有机碳含量,这与全球河流以溶解有机碳为主的平均格局显著不同。溶解有机碳,颗粒有机碳含量以及总有机碳含量均不文季节的变化而变化,汛期含量高于平水期。悬浮物中有机碳的含量的随悬浮物含量的增加,也即流域土壤机械侵蚀强度的加强而降低,这种现象与全球河流的总体趋势一致。汛期水 相似文献
8.
分析了金顶铅锌矿床同位素及生物标志化合物特征,探讨了矿床成矿物质来源及有机成矿作用。结果表明,矿石铅主要来自上地幔,成矿流体主要为地幔流体和盆地卤水。矿区有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,同时伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分的输入,有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。有机质在成矿作用中可能起到的作用有：还原硫酸盐提供成矿所需的硫源;形成有机一金属络合物,活化运移成矿金属元素;改变成矿物理化学环境对成矿物质的还原沉淀作用。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Coal Geology》1988,10(4):399-410
There is a positive correlation between sulphur concentration and the vitrinite maceral group content in Permian Vryheid Formation coals in South Africa; the reverse is true for the inertinite maceral family. This relationship is evident at intraseam, interseam and intercoalfied levels. Vitrinite precursors formed where the water table in peat-forming environments was high and Eh low. These conditions favoured bacterial sulphate reduction and resulting H2S reacted with Fe2+ and organic peat compounds to form pyrite and organic sulphur components. Inertinite precursors formed when the water table was low and Eh high; aerobic respiration prevailed and little H2S was produced. Organic sulphur derived from peat-forming plant tissue is dominant in intertinite-rich low-sulphur coal; pyritic sulphur exceeds organic sulphur in high-sulphur coals dur to preferential reaction of H2S with Fe2+. 相似文献
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Aleksandra Šajnović Ksenija Stojanović Branimir Jovančićević Anatoly Golovko 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1629-1641
Sediments from the Valjevo-Mionica Basin of Neogene age were investigated in this study using different geochemical methods.
The results of the inorganic part analyses suggest that during genesis of the sediments, the contents of Na2O, B and As changed the most, which indicates that genesis of the investigated sediments was followed by climate changes and
volcanic activity. The quantity of other macro- and microelements did not vary significantly. Investigations of the organic
substance showed that it is native organic matter, which has been preserved to a significant extent, formed predominantly
of algal precursor organisms, which provided good quality, deposited under reducing conditions and that it is at a low maturity
level. As it has been established that genesis of the investigated sediments was mostly affected by an arid climate with more
intensive salinity, the aim of this study, was also to identify the processes which were the most affected by the change in
salinity, as well as biomarkers which are the most sensitive to this change. The results led to the conclusion that the salinity
increase in the depositional environment had a primary effect on the preservation of the organic substance and the formation
of the mineral searlesite. In addition, it was noticed that besides the Sq/nC26 ratio, the parameters nC17/nC27, CPI and Ph/nC18, are also significantly sensitive to salinity change in a depositional environment in case of immature organic substance
deposited under reducing conditions. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):59-62
New data and the newest aspects of the theory of sedimentary ore formation suggest that the cupriferous sandstones of these two districts owe their copper, to the Ural's diabases and gabbros whence copper had migrated, as complex ions, along the still recognizable migration paths. Precipitation and accumulation of Cu also in aleurolites, argillites (even in limestones) is seen as unrelated to the organic substance they contain. The common phytomorphism of Cu in such ores, as well as in some sandstones, represents merely a re-grouping of the ore substance. — IGR Staff. 相似文献
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Yu. P. Khrustalev V. I. Denisov S. Ya. Chernousov I. V. Svistunova 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2001,36(5):467-474
The influence of Black Sea mussels on sedimentary processes in the near-shore zone is considered. Using sedimentation traps, quantitative aspects of substance flux transformation by mollusks during the biogenic sedimentation of lithogenic material is studied. Mollusks increase ten to twenty times the vertical sedimentation rate of substance from suspension and change the flow direction from horizontal to vertical one. The substance flux produced during the filtration of Black Sea shelf waters by benthic organisms is two to five times higher than that provided by rivers of the entire discharge basin. The filtration of water by mollusks results in an intense geochemical transformation of substance in the suspension–sediment system. This is expressed in the removal of organic matter, calcium carbonate, and practically all microelements from suspension. Major components of the suspension, such as SiO2, TiO2, and Al2O3, as well as some microelements (Sr, Rb), are concentrated by mussels during the digestion process. 相似文献
13.
有机化合物中各种常见官能团（羟基-OH,硫酸基-SH,醛根-COH,羰基-CO-,羧酸根-COOH,酯-COO-,酰基-COCl,-COBr,腈-CN,硝基-NO2;,胺基-NH2,=NH、≡N,卤取代基-F、-Cl、Br、-I以及苯、酚环等）的拓扑体积都近于常数。这些官能团之间及其本身在拓扑体积方面具有和谐而统一的可加和性。得到了一套普适的官能团拓扑体积数值表。 相似文献
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M. Ateia J. Ran M. Fujii C. Yoshimura 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(4):867-880
The quantity and quality of dissolved organic matters have been widely characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, yet the relationship between the fluorescence properties of dissolved organic matters and its molecular composition remains poorly described in the literature. Here, we measured the fluorescence excitation–emission matrix of 17 well-characterized humic substance standards to determine a range of fluorescence parameters, including classical fluorescence indices (e.g., fluorescence index, biological index and humification index) and parameters derived from parallel factor analysis (e.g., component contribution). Relationships between humic substance’s fluorescence and compositional parameters were then statistically examined using canonical correspondence and simple correlation analyses. The canonical correspondence analysis generally suggested that most fluorescence parameters determined here are highly associated with the amount of aliphatic and aromatic compounds in humic substances. However, the correlation analysis between single molecular and fluorescence parameters indicated that the fluorescence properties of humic substances including the parallel factor analysis component contribution also significantly correlate well with several aspects of the molecular composition of humic substances, such as elemental composition, carbon species, acidic functional group and iron complexation. Overall, our results suggest that measurement of humic substance’s fluorescence is beneficial in understanding the molecular composition and environmental functions of dissolved organic matters in natural and engineered waters. 相似文献
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城市垃圾填埋场有机物降解沉降模型的研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
研究城市垃圾填埋场的有机物降解沉降是非常重要的,有机物的降解沉降是填埋场的主要沉降,并且降解沉降将持续很长一段时间,较大的沉降能够导致防渗系统的渗漏并损坏覆盖系统。由于垃圾的非均匀性,其土工特性随地域及时间而改变,所以,计算垃圾填埋场的降解沉降是比较困难的。在试验及理论推导的基础上,提出了一种有机物的降解沉降模型,该模型参数较少,利用该模型预测了天子岭垃圾填埋场的库容及有机物的降解沉降。 相似文献
16.
福州市土壤硒形态分析及其迁移富集规律 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
通过对福州市土壤和岩石中Se形态的分析研究结果表明,表层土壤中强有机态Se、腐殖酸结合态Se约占全量的57.44%,残渣态Se占28.77%,残渣态Se是土壤Se的重要储备库源,三者均与表层土壤Se全量呈极显著的线性正相关关系。表层土壤Se含量随土壤酸性的加强而增加,随有机质含量加大而增加的幅度较小;深层土壤Se受pH值的影响不明显,但受有机质含量的影响很大,两者线性回归关系达到极显著水平;不同岩石类型对土壤含Se量没有明显的影响规律,各介质中Se含量表层土壤>深层土壤>岩石,并且差幅巨大。这些研究结果揭示了在岩石风化、土壤发育(熟化)过程中有机质和黏土矿物吸附Se,致使Se较其他元素流失比例少,从而造成从深部到表层土壤Se相对富集的结果。同时,提出了利用全量来推导Se形态值的方法,建立了土壤Se全量与形态间的关系模型以及决定土壤有效态Se的公式,建议在评价土壤Se时只要考虑有机结合态Se、残渣态Se、离子交换态Se和全量Se。 相似文献
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Olivier Pourret Gérard Gruau Aline Dia Mélanie Davranche Jérôme Molénat 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2010,16(1):31-59
A 7-year monitoring period of rare earth element (REE) concentrations and REE pattern shapes was carried out in well water samples from a 450 m long transect setup in the Kervidy/Coët-Dan experimental catchment, France. The new dataset confirms systematic, topography-related REE signatures and REE concentrations variability but challenges the validity of a groundwater mixing hypothesis. Most likely, this is due to REE preferential adsorption upon mixing. However, the coupled mixing–adsorption mechanism still fails to explain the strong spatial variation in negative Ce anomaly amplitude. A third mechanism—namely, the input into the aquifer of REE-rich, Ce anomaly free, organic colloids—is required to account for this variation. Ultrafiltration results and speciation calculations made using Model VI agree with this interpretation. Indeed, the data reveal that Ce anomaly amplitude downslope decrease corresponds to REE speciation change, downhill groundwaters REE being mainly bound to organic colloids. Water table depth monitoring shows that the colloid source is located in the uppermost, organic-rich soil horizons, and that the colloid input occurs mainly when water table rises in response to rainfall events. It appears that the colloids amount that reaches groundwater increases downhill as the distance between soil organic-rich horizons and water table decreases. Topography is, therefore, the ultimate key factor that controls Ce anomaly spatial variability in these shallow groundwaters. Finally, the <0.2 μm REE fraction ultimately comes from two solid sources in these groundwaters: one located in the deep basement schist; another located in the upper, organic-rich soil horizon. 相似文献
18.
本试验确立的聚三氟氯乙烯—磷酸三丁酯(1∶0.6)为固定相,反相萃取色层分离富集、石墨炉原子吸收法测定矿石中痕量金的分析方案,在选定的条件下,基本上无背景吸收和共存元素的影响。实测绝对灵敏度为8.9×10~(-12)克/1%吸收;检出限为1.1×10~(-4)克/吨、定量测定下限为2.2×10~(-4)克/吨; 相似文献
19.
The characters of organic matter in rocks and ores in the Fankou and Dabaoshan deposits are systematically studied with regard to their implications for mineralization.The results show that kerogens in this area faaa mainly into the plutonism field in Van Krevelen‘s diagram.Reflectivity of the organic substance was measured to be 3.06%(Fankou)and 1.67%(Dabaoshan),corresponding to the paleo-geotemperatures of 232℃ and 184℃ respectively.The same types of porphyrins and hydrocarbons were recognized in the rocks and ores and hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions are widespread in quartz and calcite,particularly in Dabaoshan,It is thought that the orgain matter must have played a critical role in diagenesis and metallization in these deposits and that the hydrothermal solution was most likely to be the type of water-oil hot brine. 相似文献
20.
祁连山区黑河上游俄博岭多年冻土区活动层碳储量研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了探索在全球气候变化背景下多年冻土区碳储量现状, 通过野外实地勘探和室内实验, 对黑河上游俄博岭多年冻土区地貌特征及不同海拔活动层内的碳储量进行考察和估算. 结果表明: 黑河上游俄博岭冰缘现象显著, 土壤季节冻融过程活跃, 且活动层中碳储量丰富. 在研究区约2.5×106 m2 的范围内, 活动层平均厚度约为1.1 m, 活动层土壤有机质平均含量约为72.1%, 碳储量估算约为1.57 Mt C. 活动层不同深度处有机质含量呈现不同的变化规律. 随着活动层深度增加, 土壤有机质的含量逐渐降低, 在多年冻土上限附近有机质含量较高. 另外, 活动层有机质含量随着海拔和土壤含水量的不同而变化, 同时多年冻土区微地形和地质条件也对有机质含量具有重要的影响. 相似文献