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1.
巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
巴尔哲矿床中的矿化和非矿化碱性花岗岩主要造岩矿物均为微斜长石、石英、钠闪石和钠长石,但其相对含量及颗粒大小明显不同,且两类岩石中包裹体的组成特征及锆石的结晶习性也有显著差异.主量元素分析显示,矿化与非矿化碱性花岗岩均以富硅、富碱、贫镁和钙为特征,为较典型的非造山A型花岗岩.尽管矿化碱性花岗岩中K_2O和Na_2O的含量均没有明显的增加,但其Na+K/Al、Na_2O+K_2O/CaO、FeO~*/MgO及K_2O/MgO等岩石化学参数与非矿化碱性花岗岩明显不同.在矿化碱性花岗岩中除了矿化的稀土元素及Nb、Zr强烈富集外,U、Th及Y也明显富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti表现为强烈的亏损.在非矿化碱性花岗岩中除了大离子亲石元素Rb略有富集外,稀土元素、Nb、Zr、U、Th、Ta及Y并无明显富集,虽然Sr、P、Eu和Ti也表现为亏损,但与矿化碱性花岗岩相比其亏损程度明显降低.岩相学、岩石化学及微量元素地球化学特征显示,矿化碱性花岗岩不可能是非矿化碱性花岗岩硅化和钠长石化作用的产物,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段熔体固结的产物.K/Rb、Rb/Sr及δEu等地球化学参数显示,矿化碱性花岗岩是高演化A型花岗质熔体固结的产物;而岩石学、包裹体及地球化学特征则显示,这种高演化的A型花岗质熔体已经进入了岩浆一热液过渡阶段.巴尔哲矿床稀有稀土元素的超常富集和成矿与A型花岗岩的高演化过程密切相关. 相似文献
2.
近年来国内外铝土矿中伴生三稀元素的研究表明,众多铝土矿及赤泥中的三稀元素具有巨大的综合利用潜力,部分矿床甚至已到达了工业生产的要求.三稀元素通常以类质同相形式进入矿物晶格和离子态吸附于矿物表面两种形式产出,但在很多铝土矿中均发现有少量稀土独立矿物的存在.影响铝土矿床中三稀元素富集因素复杂,包括成矿原岩、pH值、氧化还原环境和赋存矿物等.目前,电解铝的尾矿-赤泥中三稀元素的回收工艺也日渐成熟,酸浸-萃取(离子交换)是主要提取方法.由于铝土矿中矿物组成细小且复杂,其中三稀元素种类众多,含量相对较低,因此,未来分辨率和精度更高的显微测试技术的应用将推动三稀元素在铝土矿分布、赋存形式和富集机理研究深入. 相似文献
3.
离子型稀土矿中离子稀土的ICP-AES测定方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
稀土作为一种不可再生的国家重要战略资源,具有优异的磁、光、电性能。离子吸附型稀土矿,是我国特有的新型稀土矿物,以风化淋积型稀土矿床形式存在,一般直接就地采用电解质溶液溶浸即可获得混合稀土氧化物,文中选取了稀土含量呈高中低分布的三个样品考察了浸提时间、浸提剂浓度、以及液固比对浸提效果的影响,确定了最佳的浸提方法,应用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪上机测定,通过加标回收检验方法准确度,其回收率在90-110%之间。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高(检出限为0.10~0.4μg/g),可用于大批量离子型稀土矿中浸出型稀土含量的测定。 相似文献
4.
We studied the states of rare earth elements in ore of the Xianglushan rare earth deposit. Rare earth ore samples were tested and examined by scanning electron microscope, electron probe, and chemical leaching. No independent rare earth minerals were detected by scanning electron microscope. Elements detected by the electronic probe for the in situ micro-zone of the sample included: O, Al, Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ti, K, Na, S, Cl, C, Cu, Cr, V, and Pt. Rare earth elements were not detected by electron probe. (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)Cl, NaCl, and H2SO4 were used as reagents in chemical leaching experiments that easily leached out rare earth elements under the action of 10% reagent, indicating that the rare earth elements in ore are mainly in the ionic state rather than present as rare earth minerals. 相似文献
5.
In order to ascertain the forms in which uranium is present in ores of the Melovoe rare metal sedimentary deposit of uranium
and rare earth minerals (South Mangyshlak), we investigated a series of typical ore samples that were collected earlier; both
the uranium content and the total content of rare earth metals in them lay within 0.1–0.3%. The study was carried out by analytical
electron microscopy using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, electron microdiffraction, and
microprobing. It was ascertained that both uranium and rare earth elements are present in ore mostly associated with biogenic
phosphate in the form of natural minerals, such as uraninite, ningyoite, coffinite, autenite, and churchite. Iron hydroxides
and graphitized organic matter are present in some samples. It is assumed that the co-occurrence of uranium and rare earth
elements, which is nontypical for the sedimentary process, resulted from secondary epigenetic processes and alternation of
reducing and oxidizing environmental conditions. 相似文献
6.
河北省奥陶纪马家沟组与晚石炭世本溪组之间发育一套古风化壳层,岩性主要为铁质黏土岩、铝质黏土岩和铝土岩,剖面从顶到底具典型的“煤-铝-铁”结构。地球化学分析结果显示,冀东石岭和冀南同义岭古风化壳样品的轻稀土元素氧化物总质量分数分别达0.0893%和0.0717%,均超过了古风化壳型轻稀土矿边界品位,冀北煤窑山古风化壳样品的轻稀土元素总质量分数为0.0504%,也具明显富集特征。古风化壳中部分样品稀有元素Li含量也超过了伴生边界品位。通过元素逐级分离试验定量分析出古风化壳中的三稀元素主要以矿物相存在,再通过X射线衍射分析、电子探针分析进一步确定三稀元素主要以类质同象赋存于伊利石、高岭石等黏土矿物中,少量以化合态存在于独立的稀土矿物中。综合分析认为,古风化壳中三稀元素的矿化富集依次经历了风化壳形成阶段、铝质岩系形成阶段及沉积压实阶段的多阶段演化。 相似文献
7.
帕米尔构造结位于青藏高原北缘,记录了自新元古代晚期以来到新生代完整的特提斯构造演化过程。在长期的构造-岩浆演化过程中,发育了不同时代、不同类型的成矿事件。野外调查表明,在帕米尔北东段,发育了含绿柱石的伟晶岩及含氟碳铈矿的碳酸岩（碳酸岩-伟晶岩组合）。通过独居石及锆石U-Pb定年,识别出该区两期伟晶岩带（包括碳酸岩）,分别是新生代和中生代（19~18 Ma和200 Ma）,其中早期含绿柱石伟晶岩形成于古特提斯洋关闭后的伸展阶段,而新生代含氟碳铈矿碳酸岩-伟晶岩组合,与新生代陆内走滑伸展事件相关,表明帕米尔构造结伸展走滑启动的时间可能在19 Ma。结合区域地球化学异常特征,表明在帕米尔地区有望在稀有、轻稀土找矿上获得突破。 相似文献
8.
帕米尔构造结位于青藏高原北缘,记录了自新元古代晚期以来到新生代完整的特提斯构造演化过程。在长期的构造—岩浆演化过程中,发育了不同时代、不同类型的成矿事件。野外调查表明,在帕米尔北东段,发育了含绿柱石的伟晶岩及含氟碳铈矿的碳酸岩(碳酸岩—伟晶岩组合)。通过独居石及锆石U-Pb定年,识别出该区两期伟晶岩带(包括碳酸岩),分别是新生代和中生代(19～18 Ma和200 Ma),其中早期含绿柱石伟晶岩形成于古特提斯洋关闭后的伸展阶段,而新生代含氟碳铈矿碳酸岩—伟晶岩组合,与新生代陆内走滑伸展事件相关,表明帕米尔构造结伸展走滑启动的时间可能在19 Ma。结合区域地球化学异常特征,表明在帕米尔地区有望在稀有、轻稀土找矿上获得突破。 相似文献
9.
中国三稀矿产资源战略调查研究进展综述 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：31
三稀资源是稀土、稀有和稀散资源的统称。"三稀矿产资源战略调查研究"项目启动以来,研究了全球三稀资源的分布、产出特征及其开发现状、选冶技术与市场供需状况;发现中国重稀土资源消耗过快,关键性稀散金属的利用水平有待提高,部分稀有金属亟待发现新的矿产地;同时,中国三稀资源利用的质量不高,高附加值产品少,采选回收率低;现场实地调研也表明中国离子吸附型稀土矿区还存在证外采矿和环境污染问题。在地质理论研究方面,通过成矿规律研究发现离子吸附型稀土矿的母岩体可以扩展到燕山晚期花岗岩以外的地区,内生稀有稀土资源的形成具有时空分离的趋势。在技术方面,项目组把高分辨率遥感技术应用到三稀资源的监管工作,并全面更新了三稀元素的分析测试技术,取得了显著成效。此外,所提出的分单矿种评价、管理稀土资源、修改三稀资源勘查规范、设立复合型三稀资源矿种以及水化学技术调查监测三稀矿山的生产状况和环境污染等建议和新思路,都具有现实意义。在找矿部署方面,项目组根据三稀资源的综合特点,认为应建立稀有资源的整装勘查区、稀土资源的规划区、稀散资源的综合利用示范区,甘肃、四川、福建等地已取得初步找矿进展。 相似文献
10.
Geochemistry of rare earth elements in oceanic phillipsites 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A. V. Dubinin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2000,35(2):101-108
The behavior of rare earth elements (REE) was examined in oceanic phillipsites collected from four horizons of eupelagic clay
in the Southern Basin of the Pacific. The REE concentrations were determined in the >50-μm-fraction phillipsite samples by
the ICP-MS method. The composition of separate phillipsite accretions was studied using the electron microprobe and secondary
ion mass-spectrometry. Rare earth elements in phillipsite-only samples are related to the admixture of ferrocalcium hydroxophosphates.
The analysis of separate phillipsite accretions reveals low (<0.1–18.1 ppm) REE (III) concentrations. The Ce concentration
varies between 2.7 and 140 ppm. The correlation analysis shows that REE (III) are present as an admixture of iron oxyhydroxides
in separate phillipsite accretions. Based on the REE (III) concentration in iron oxyhydroxides, we can identify two generations
of phillipsite accretions. Massive rounded accretions (phillipsite I) are depleted in REE, while pseudorhombic (phillipsite
II) accretions are enriched in REE and marked by a positive Ce anomaly. Oceanic phillipsites do not accumulate REE or inherit
the REE signature of the volcaniclastic material and oceanic deep water. Hence, the REE distribution in phillipsites does
not depend on the sedimentation rate and host sediment composition. 相似文献
11.
12.
Granitic rocks of various ages and composition are found in the Schwarzwald region of West Germany. These granites range in age from Upper Devonian to Upper Carboniferous (370-280 m.y.) and in composition from granodiorites to alkali feldspar granites. 14 representative samples of twelve different types were analysed for their La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu by instrumental neutron activation. The studies reveal that there are characteristic differences between the different types of granitic rocks both as regards to their total REE content as well as the distribution pattern of these elements. These differences can not be directly related to the variations in the major element chemistry or the mineralogy of the granites. On the other hand, a relationship is found between the age of the granitic rocks and the total REE as well as their distribution pattern. In general the ΣREE varies from 22 to 215 ppm in different types. The ΣLa-Lu increases gradually in the direction Upper Devonian→Lower Carboniferous, however, in the granitic rocks of the Upper Carboniferous this trend is reversed and there is again a marked depletion in the content of REE. The chondrite normalised patterns of all the older types give a smooth concave curve with decrease of concentration from La to Lu. All the Upper Carboniferous granites on the other hand are characterised by a progressive pronounced negative Eu anomaly. The gradual increase of the ΣREE in the older granites is related to their evolution by progressive anatexis, whereas, the decrease in the total REE content in case of the younger Upper Carboniferous granites is due to processes of magmatic differentiation. The depletion of Eu in these K-feldspar rich types of granite is probably related to the breakdown of biotite in the anatectic starting material. 相似文献
13.
《地学前缘》2017,(5):172-181
选择赣南典型稀土矿区,即寻乌(以轻稀土为代表)、安远(以中稀土为代表)和龙南(以重稀土为代表)为研究区域,于生产期和停产期(停产后半年)分别采集了矿区上游、矿区淋滤废水、矿区山泉水、生活用井水、近矿支流、矿区下游等地表水共90件,分析了溶解态稀土元素在离子吸附型稀土矿区周边地表水中的含量、空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:稀土矿的开采对矿区周边地表水中DREE含量影响较大。此外,水粒作用、区域地质背景与风化作用、水化学因素都是影响离子吸附型稀土矿区周边水体DREE行为的主要因素。矿区周边地表水中稀土含量高是我国离子吸附型稀土矿山开采引发的特殊问题。 相似文献
14.
漳平永福稀土矿区位于闽西南坳陷带西南部广坪—龙岩复向斜东翼,政和—大埔大断裂西侧。区内成矿母岩为燕山早期第三阶段第三次侵入似斑状中粒黑云母花岗岩(永福岩体)。花岗岩岩体风化壳较发育,分布广,具有离子吸附型稀土矿的矿床地质特征、成矿条件以及稀土矿富集、成矿规律。 相似文献
15.
Abderrahmane Iqdari Bruce Velde Noureddine Benalioulhaj Saint-Clair Dujon Nacer El Yamine 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(4):381-390
Diffusion experiments were carried out on natural apatite crystals that were immersed in molten light rare earth element (REE) chloride salt at temperatures between 900 and 1150 °C for periods up to 35 days. Electron microprobe analysis of the crystals showed that light REEs replaced Ca according to electronic balance, i.e. for . These diffusion profiles indicate that a maximum amount of substitution in the structure occurs when two of the ten Ca ions in apatite are replaced by the REE diffusing elements. Anisotropic diffusion is observed between a and c crystallographic directions. Comparison of maximum distance indicates that the larger ions move more easily in the apatite structure. We conclude that the light REEs diffuse within the channel structures of the mineral, and that this diffusion is controlled by the substitution type of elements in the calcium sites. To cite this article: A. Iqdari et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
Gautam Sen Andrew Macfarlane N. Srimal 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,122(4):415-427
Two types of melt pockets occur in Hawaiian mantle xenoliths: amphibole-bearing (AMP) and spinel-bearing (SMP). AMPs contain
amphibole (kaersutite), olivine (Fo92), clinopyroxene (with 7–11% Al2O3), vesicles and glass. SMPs contain olivine, clinopyroxene, spinel, glass, and vesicles. The glasses in SMPs (SiO2=44–45%, 11–12% alkalis, La=90–110 ppm) and AMPs (SiO2=49–54%, 6–8.5% alkalis, La=8–14 ppm) are distinct in color and composition. Both glasses are generally characterized by LREE-enriched
(chondrite-normalized) patterns. Amphibole and clinopyroxene have gently convex upward-to-moderately LREE-enriched patterns.
Mineral/glass trace element abundance ratio plots show a strong negative Ti anomaly and a gentle negative Zr anomaly for clinopyroxene/glass;
whereas amphibole/glass patterns show a distinctive positive Ti spike. The amphibole/glass trace element ratios are similar
to published megacryst/lava values. An earlier study showed that the Hawaiian spinel lherzolites (lithosphere) have largely
been metasomatized during post-erosional Honolulu magmatic activity. REE abundances of SMP glasses (melts) overlap the REE
abundances calculated for such metasomes. The occurrence of hydrous, alkaline, mafic melt pockets in Hawaiian upper mantle
xenoliths implies that (1) such hydrous liquids are generated in the upper mantle, and (2) water plays a role in magmatic
activity associated with the Hawaiian plume. Although we are uncertain about the source (plume, lithosphere, or asthenosphere)
of this water, we speculate that such melts and other alkalic lavas erupted on Oahu and on the sea-floor over the Hawaiian
arch were generated from a broad „wet“ rim of a radially layered Hawaiian plume, whose hot and „dry“ core supplied the shield-forming
magmas.
Received: 6 February 1995 / Accepted: 28 August 1995 相似文献
17.
Summary ?The occurrence of divalent rare earth elements (Sm2+, Yb2+, Tm2+, and Ho2+) in natural fluorite is evaluated using a suite of 37 samples deriving mainly from Sn–W deposits in the Erzgebirge (Germany),
Central Kazakhstan, and the Mongolian Altai. Trace element composition was determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The defect structure
of the samples was studied by cathodoluminescence (CL), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and optical absorption spectroscopy.
Reduction of cubic Sm3+, Yb3+, Tm3+, and Ho3+ under radioactive irradiation produces the corresponding divalent centres. Our data suggest a preferable formation of Sm2+ and Yb2+ under thorium and of Tm2+ and Ho2+ under uranium irradiation. Irradiation (indicated by intense brownish (thorium) and deep purple (uranium) coloration of fluorite)
gives rise to a population of divalent centres in equilibrium with their decay. However, sporadic radioactive irradiation
and stabilisation of the divalent state of the REE by other electron defects were found in most cases.
Three models of stabilisation of Sm2+, Yb2+, Tm2+, and Ho2+ are discussed. The most effective mechanism for Sm, Yb, Tm, and Ho is coupling with Fe3+ centres (REE3++Fe2+ → REE2++Fe3+). Accordingly, the occurrence of Fe3+ centres in natural fluorite is regarded to indicate not an oxidising, but rather a reducing environment during fluorite precipitation.
Originally incorporated in the divalent form, Fe2+ was converted to Fe3+ by radioactive irradiation. Such a conclusion is in agreement with the finding of high contents of interstitial fluorine
providing tetragonal local compensation of trivalent REE centres in crystals with high Fe3+. If Fe is not present, compensation of divalent Sm, Yb, and Tm is achieved by radiogenic oxidation of Ce(Pr, Tb)3+ accompanied by charge transfer (REE3++Ce(Pr, Tb)3+ → REE2++ Ce(Pr, Tb)4+). Ho2+ is sometimes stabilised by a hole trapped by an electron localised on a F vacancy (Ho3++e− on □F → REE2++ self-trapped exciton). Because Sm2+ is optically active, the stabilisation by Fe3+ (stable up to temperatures above 350 °C) or Ce(Pr, Tb)4+ (unstable even under visible light) in samples may be determined by careful observations in the field.
Institut für Geotechnik, ETH Zürich, ETH-H?nggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
Received January 8, 2002; revised version accepted June 10, 2002 相似文献
18.
19.
《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2005,77(4):187-198
Zeta-potential measurements were made to determine the electric state of phosphor materials on the basis of which a feasibility study could be performed for the use of flotation in the recovery of fine (d50 < 13 μm) rare earth phosphors from waste fluorescent lamps. Tests were carried out with pure specimens of white (calcium halo-phosphate), red, green and blue (rare earth) phosphors, with a 17 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio of their mixture, and with actual waste phosphor materials. The effects of a cationic (dodecyl ammonium acetate, DAA) and two anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium oleate (NaOl)) collectors on the floatability of materials, as well as that of Na2SiO3 dispersant on the separation characteristics, were investigated at different pH ranges. The process, applied to actual discarded waste phosphors gave, in a two-stage separation scheme, sink products assaying 17.7–23.8% and 21.5–25.9% rare earth phosphors for DAA and SDS flotation, respectively. The recovery and Newton's efficiency were about 70–90% and 0.26–0.37, 66–82% and 0.18–0.20, respectively for DAA and SDS flotation. 相似文献
20.
甲基卡式稀有金属矿床的地质特征与成矿规律 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
甲基卡是中国硬岩型锂矿最集中的产地之一,近年来又发现了X03号(新三号脉)超大型矿脉,使得甲基卡矿田锂的储量有可能超过澳大利亚格林布什而位居世界前列。文章通过对甲基卡矿床的地质特征、成矿期次、矿石组构、矿石成分等资料的总结,对其典型矿脉、典型钻孔的系统研究,以及与典型硬岩型锂多金属矿床的对比研究,总结出甲基卡的矿床式特点。甲基卡式矿床以形成于印支晚期—燕山早期、定位于欧亚大陆与印度板块之间的穹窿构造隆起区、围绕成矿母岩发育区域性分带,但单一矿脉的分带性较差、含矿伟晶岩既可以顺层产出也可以近垂直切层产出(类似于"五层楼+地下室")、锂辉石等稀有金属矿物既有伟晶状又有细粒状产出的特点,是中国乃至于世界上最重要的固体锂矿床类型之一,具有极大的找矿潜力,无论是新三号脉本身还是甲基卡外围其他地区都是值得工作的区域。甲基卡矿床式稀有金属矿床的成矿规律可指导热穹隆伟晶岩田的矿产勘查工作,川西地区除了甲基卡矿田之外,也适用于石渠、马尔康、九龙等地的伟晶岩田,同时,对于整个青藏高原的东部及北缘印支运动后期与燕山期之初岩浆-构造-热穹隆发育地区寻找伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床具有参考意义。 相似文献