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1.
Summary This paper is to promote a further understanding of the interdecadal mode of the South Pacific. With this focus, we will specifically aim at better understanding the difference between interannual and interdecadal SSTA modes over South Pacific. We define the difference of the normalization area-averaged SSTA in the southern extratropical Pacific (160° W–110° W, 40° S–25° S) and the south subpolar Pacific (150° W–110° W, 60° S–45° S) as the South Pacific interdecadal index (I spd). It is found that the interannual mode is more coherent than the interdecadal mode in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and the interdecadal mode is significant only during boreal winter (DJF). The interdecadal variation of SSTA firstly occurring in the extratropic South Pacific propagates to the western boundary of the South Pacific, then moves northeast to cross the equator, and finally reaches the central tropic Pacific. It takes about 8 years to propagate from southeast subtropical Pacific to the north hemisphere. The previous studies have suggested the mechanism of waves in the subsurface in the South Pacific. Our study also highlights the Rossby waves play important roles in linkage between the extratropics-tropics South Pacific SSTA on interdecadal time scales. Moreover, the paper shows that the interdecadal variability originated in the extrotropic southeast Pacific is mainly induced by interannual variability in the tropic Pacific.  相似文献   

2.
副热带东南太平洋海温对东北夏季降水的影响及可能机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高晶  高辉 《大气科学》2015,39(5):967-977
诊断分析表明,前期副热带东南太平洋海温尤其是前春海温与东北夏季降水存在持续稳定的负相关关系。无论是在年际时间尺度还是年代际尺度上,冬、春、夏季海温演变趋势与降水均呈反位相。尺度分离结果显示,关键区海温与降水的显著负相关主要依赖于其年代际分量,但年际分量也起到较重要贡献。相关分析和合成分析结果都发现,当副热带东南太平洋海温偏低时,其上空可激发出反气旋式距平风场,而在关键区海域西北部激发出气旋式距平环流。同时在所罗门群岛和菲律宾南部分别出现反气旋式和气旋式距平环流。西太平洋副热带高压(副高)位置较常年偏西,副高区为反气旋式距平环流。在东北地区西侧则为气旋式距平环流。在这样的环流背景下,副高西侧的南风加强了源自南海和西太平洋的暖湿气流和北方冷空气在东北地区的交汇,从而使东北夏季多雨。反之,当东南太平洋海温偏高时,其激发的气旋及反气旋距平中心和偏低年刚好相反,副高位置偏东,其西侧的南方水汽输送偏弱,同时东北冷涡也偏弱,冷暖空气汇合形成的低空辐合弱,东北降水因此偏少。这表明,副热带东南太平洋海温异常时确实能激发出一个从关键海区到东北地区的跨越南北半球的气旋-反气旋交替波列,引发北半球中高纬度大气环流异常,从而影响东北夏季降水。  相似文献   

3.
张海燕  陶丽  徐川 《大气科学》2022,46(4):859-872
本文利用1958~2018年期间海表面温度(SST)异常和湍流热通量异常变化的关系,探讨了其与北太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)相关的年际和年代际时间尺度上在不同海域的海气相互作用特征。结果表明:在年际尺度上,黑潮—亲潮延伸区(KOE)表现为显著大气强迫海洋,赤道中东太平洋表现为显著海洋强迫大气;在年代际尺度上,PDO北中心表现为大气强迫海洋,加利福尼亚附近则表现为显著海洋强迫大气。进一步分析表明:加利福尼亚附近区域是北太平洋准12年振荡的关键区域之一,与PDO准十年的周期类似,加利福尼亚附近的冷(暖)海温对应其上有反气旋(气旋)型环流,赤道中太平洋海水上翻和北太平洋东部副热带区域经向风应力的变化是北太平洋准12年振荡的另外两个重要环节。  相似文献   

4.
主要讨论了西太平洋暖池热力状况年际变化相联系的10-25天季内振荡的特征。在西太平洋暖池处于“暖”夏季和“冷”夏季两种状态时,10-25天季内振荡呈现出明显差异,在所讨论的亚洲-太平洋大部分区域,“暖”夏季时对流活动的10-25天季内变化和“冷”夏季时对流活动的10-25天季内变化表现出显的反相关关系,表明对流活动的年际变化与季内变化的相互作用。当西太平洋暖池上空对流活动的10-25天季内振荡处于最强和最弱阶段时,低层大气表现为Gill型环流响应,即气旋式(反气旋式)环流出现在最强(最弱)对流活动的西北,这种对流和环流关系在西太平洋暖池出于“暖”夏季和“冷”夏季两种状态时均成立。而当西太平洋暖池上空对流活动的10-25天季内振荡处于除此以外其他阶段时,就看不到Gill型环流响应。  相似文献   

5.
中国南方夏季降水的年代际变率主模态特征及机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在气候变暖背景下,中国南方夏季降水存在明显的年代际变化特征。本文利用1920~2014年的逐月降水,以分析南方夏季降水年代际变率主模态为切入点,以研究南方夏季降水年代际变率空间分布型的年代际变化特征为重点,进一步研究了印度洋、北太平洋及北大西洋海温的年代际变率对南方夏季降水主模态年代际变率的可能影响机制。得到的主要结论包括:(1)指出中国南方夏季降水年代际变率的两个主模态为全区一致型和东西反相型降水模态。两个主导模态在1971/1972年发生了显著的年代际转变,在1925~1971年的第一主模态为东西反相型降水;在1972~2009年的第一主模态为一致型降水。不同主模态对应的海温异常关键区也在1971/1972年发生了相应的年代际变化。(2)揭示了全区一致型和东西反相型降水模态对应的环流场异常特征。一致多(少)型降水对应着中国南海及西北太平洋低空的反气旋(气旋)性异常,有(不)利于水汽自南海向南方地区输送。而贝加尔湖东侧低空的反气旋(气旋)性异常,有(不)利于冷空气向南方输送,并与来自南海地区的水汽在南方地区辐合,有利于南方地区降水一致偏多(少)。东多西少(西多东少)型降水对应着中国东南地区高空的正(负)异常中心,有利于高空辐散(辐合)及异常的上升(下沉)运动,其与南方地区东部低空的气旋(反气旋)性异常共同作用,有利于东部降水偏多(偏少)。与此同时,低空中南半岛反气旋(气旋)性异常及菲律宾地区反气旋(气旋)性异常,不(有)利于水汽自孟加拉湾及南海地区输送向南方地区西部,有利于形成东多西少(西多东少)的降水型。(3)揭示了印度洋海温、北太平洋海温和北大西洋海温协同影响南方地区东西反相型降水和一致型降水的机制。  相似文献   

6.
南半球10 hPa极地涡旋的多尺度变化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用NCEP/NCAR 10 hPa月平均高度场资料, 计算了1948\_2007年南半球10 hPa极地涡旋的强度指数P、 面积指数S和中心位置指数(λc, φc)。用它们分析了南半球10 hPa极地涡旋的季节变化、 年际异常及其可能成因, 分析了10 hPa极地涡旋强度与南极涛动的关系。结果表明: (1) 南半球10 hPa极区12月~1月受反气旋控制, 3~10月受气旋控制, 2月、 11月为环流转换季节。(2) 1(7)月反气旋(气旋)指数P\, S均在1970年代后期发生了显著的跃变; 跃变前反气旋(气旋)由极弱(极强)振荡地增强(减弱)至接近气候均值, 跃变后反气旋由极强振荡趋于气候均值, 气旋在偏弱的状态下振荡。(3) 1月反气旋中心位置存在显著的年代际变化, 而7月气旋中心位置的年际变化明显。(4) 臭氧异常可引起南半球10 hPa 1月极地反气旋年际异常(正相关), 但与7月极地气旋异常无关。(5) 1月、 7月极地涡旋强度指数P与南极涛动指数(AAOI)呈显著的负相关, 可由P来表征AAOI。  相似文献   

7.
杨秋明 《大气科学》2006,30(1):131-145
用近51年(1951~2001年)观测资料,研究太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中国降水量准2年主振荡型传播特征的差异,并讨论对应的全球500 hPa环流低频波列传播途径的变化及可能原因.同时提出年际振荡强度不稳定指数,讨论了中国降水和全球500 hPa高度准2年周期振荡(QBO)强度时间不稳定的空间分布.通过主振荡型分析(POP)发现,在PDO冷位相(1951~1976年),准2年时间尺度的中国降水POP1的主要活动区域在长江中游地区,对应的500 hPa低频场是大西洋欧亚波列(AEU)和西大西洋遥相关型(WA)以及南太平洋副热带波列(SSP);在PDO暖位相(1977~2001年),POP1的活动区域迅速北移并扩大到整个长江和淮河流域,对应的500 hPa低频场变为欧亚太平洋-南印度洋-南北大西洋波列(EUP-SI-SNA).因此,PDO冷暖位相中影响中国降水准2年主振荡模态的低频波列的传播途径和强度存在显著差异,PDO对中国降水量准2年主振荡型主要模态(POP1)及其伴随的全球500 hPa环流低频波列活动区域的时间变化有重要调制作用,与两个半球中纬度西风气流强度的年代际变化密切相关.由振荡强度时间变化指数分析表明,中国降水QBO强度不稳定区域位于长江中游、长江下游、浙江东部、广东东部、华北地区和青藏高原东北侧附近地区,这些地区降水QBO的强度随PDO位相转变而发生显著的年代际突变.对于全球500 hPa高度,其QBO强度不稳定区域在南太平洋中高纬度、副热带南北大西洋地区和亚洲、北太平洋、北美大陆中高纬度地区、北半球副热带西太平洋地区以及南北半球热带和副热带东太平洋地区,表现为对于赤道的非对称空间分布,特别是南北太平洋热带和副热带地区500hPa环流QBO强度在年代际时间尺度上呈现正负反向变化的空间结构,而且南北极附近地区的QBO强度在PDO暖位相显著增强,反映了全球大气环流QBO强度与PDO相互作用的空间特征.  相似文献   

8.
Many coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) suffer from serious model bias in the zonal gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic. The bias of the equatorial Atlantic SST (EASST) may affect the interannual variability of the equatorial Atlantic, which in turn may influence the state of the tropical Pacific. In this paper we investigate the impact of the bias and the interannual variability of the EASST on the tropical Pacific in a CGCM. To determine the impact of the interannual variability of the EASST on the tropical Pacific, we compare a run in a fully coupled mode (CTL run) and a run in which the EASST is nudged toward the climatological monthly mean of the SST in the CTL run, but full air-sea coupling is allowed elsewhere (AT_m run). We find that, when the interannual variability of the EASST is excluded, the thermocline depth in the eastern equatorial Pacific is deepened, and the amplitude of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation is reduced by 30 % compared to the CTL run. The impact of the bias of the EASST on the tropical Pacific is investigated by comparing the AT_m run and a run in which the EASST is nudged toward the observed climatological monthly mean SST (AT_o run). It is found that, when the bias of the EASST is removed (i.e. AT_o run), the Gill–Matsuno type response to the warm SST anomalies in the western equatorial Atlantic induces low-level cyclonic anomalies in the eastern South Pacific, which leads to a deeper thermocline and colder SST in the South Pacific as compared to AT_m. The colder SST in the South Pacific reduces the precipitation along the South Pacific convergence zone. Our results of the model experiments demonstrate the importance of the EASST to the tropical Pacific climate.  相似文献   

9.
Atmospheric circulation patterns in southern Chile (42° 30′ S) were studied in order to determine and analyse the most characteristic synoptic types and their recent trends, as well as to gain an understanding of how they are associated with low-frequency variability patterns. According to the Jenkinson and Collison (J&C) classification method, a 16-point grid of sea-level pressure data was employed. The findings reveal that some synoptic types show statistically significant trends with a 95% confidence level, positively for anticyclonic westerly hybrids (AW) and advective types for third and fourth quadrant wind flows (W, NW, and N) and negatively for SW and cyclonic hybrids (CS and CSW). A model has been constructed of the linear regression of some weather types with teleconnections that most affect Chile: the undetermined types (U), AW were associated with El Niño or the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), whereas the cyclonic northerly and cyclonic northeasterly types (CN and CNE) were associated with La Niña or cool phase of the PDO. The weather types associated with Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in its positive phase are anticyclonic northerly and northeasterly and northerly advection types, while in its negative phase are cyclonic southwesterly and advection types.  相似文献   

10.
The oscillation characteristics of 1948 - 2003 South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon intensity (SCSSMI) is analyzed by wavelet transform and the relationship between SCSSMI filtered by Lanczos filter at different time scale and oceanic thermal conditions is studied. The results show that SCSSMI exhibits dominant interannual (about 4 a), decadal (about 9 a) and interdecadal (about 38 a) oscillation periods. The interannual variation is the strongest and the interdecadal variation the weakest. The region of significant correlation between SCS summer monsoon intensity and oceanic thermodynamic variables at different time scale is greatly different. Significant correlation area of interannual variation of SCSSMI is concentrated in near equatorial region. Corresponding correlation displays quasi-biannual variability. If positive anomalies of SST and the depth of thermocline happen in eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and western equatorial Pacific, and negative anomalies of SST and the depth of thermocline happen in western equatorial Indian Ocean and eastern equatorial Pacific in previous autumn and winter, the interannual variation of SCSSMI will enhance. If the condition is contrary, interannual variation of SCSSMI will weaken. The interannual variation of SCSSMI will influence SST. The region surrounding SCS and east of Australia shows significantly negative correlation in autumn, and significantly positive correlation exhibits in west equatorial Indian Ocean, eastern equatorial Pacific and equatorial Atlantic in winter. The decadal variation of SCSSMI is modulated by PDO. Interdecadal variation of SCSSMI is relevant to the global warming and PDO.  相似文献   

11.
A. P. Dimri 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(7-8):1793-1805
During the winter season (Dec., Jan., and Feb.; DJF) the western Himalaya (WH) receives one-third of its annual precipitation due to Indian winter monsoon (IWM). The IWM is characterized by eastward-moving synoptic weather systems called western disturbances. Seasonal interannual precipitation variability is positively correlated with monthly interannual variabilities. However, it was found that the monthly interannual variabilities differ. The interannual variability for Jan. is negatively correlated with that for Dec. and Feb. Because the entire seasonal interannual variability is in phase with the El Niño Southern Oscillation, it is interesting to investigate such contrasting behavior. Composite analysis based on extreme wet and dry seasons indicates that Dec. and Feb. precipitation variabilities have a high positive (low negative) correlation with eastern (western) equatorial Pacific warming (cooling), whereas Jan. precipitation variability exhibits negligible correlations. Seasonal mid/upper tropospheric cooling over the Himalayas enhances anomalous cyclonic circulation, which along with suppressed convection over the western equatorial Pacific, shifts the 200-hPa subtropical westerly jet southward over the Himalayas. Due to the upper tropospheric anomalous cyclonic circulation, mass transfer favors anticyclone formation at the mid/lower troposphere, which is enhanced in Jan. due to a warmer mid troposphere and hence decreases precipitation compared with Dec. and Feb. Additionally, a weakening of meridional moisture flux transport from the equatorial Indian Ocean to WH is observed in Jan. Further analysis reveals that mid-tropospheric and surface temperatures over WH also play dominant roles, acting as local forcing where the preceding month’s surface temperature controls the succeeding month’s precipitation.  相似文献   

12.
东海黑潮暖舌的演变及其对我国气温的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用高分辨率的海温分析资料模式资料,分析了黑潮暖舌与我国气温的关系,初步探讨了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)等造成黑潮暖舌变化的可能原因。结果表明,冬季和春季东海黑潮暖舌存在明显的年际和年代际变化。暖舌在1996/1997年发生了一次突变,此前暖舌处在偏冷的状态,之后转为偏暖的状态。我国冬季和春季气温存在一定的年代际变化,1997年之后,冬季除东北和新疆外,气温有所偏高,而春季气温全国表现为一致的显著偏高。冬季和春季气温对黑潮暖舌存在邻(域)响应。冬季东海黑潮暖舌指数与冬季我国东部气温存在正相关,并且这一相关性能够延续到次年春季。冬季黑潮暖舌指数与我国4月海陆热力差异指数也存在显著的正相关。当冬季暖舌偏强(弱)时,4月海陆热力差异指数偏高(低),即东亚地区海陆热力差异偏大(小)。春季黑潮暖舌指数与春季我国中部及南方地区气温也存在正相关,当春季黑潮暖舌偏强(弱)时,上述地区气温将偏高(低)。PDO和黑潮暖舌之间的相互作用存在一个反馈机制。西风的增强,可通过使海洋向大气释放热量增加和向南的埃克曼(Ekman)输送,降低北太平洋中部的SST,而这一地区SST的降低对应着PDO的暖位相。增强的负风应力旋度在北太平洋副热带流涡中强迫出的向南斯维尔德鲁普(Sverdrup)流也偏强,而向北流动的东海黑潮的增强正是补偿了这一向南的海流。黑潮增强后经过两个月将大量热量输送至北太平洋中部,增强了这一地区的SST,而这对应着PDO的冷位相。  相似文献   

13.
PDO对西北太平洋热带气旋活动与大尺度环流关系的影响   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
何鹏程  江静 《气象科学》2011,31(3):266-273
利用NCEP再分析资料和上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋资料,研究了在太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中西北太平洋热带气旋频数与太平洋海表温度(SST)年际相关的分布差异,以及500 hPa高度场对热带气旋频数和生成源地的影响.结果表明,在PDO冷位相时期,热带气旋频数与赤道东太平洋SST存在显著相关,副热带高压位置偏东...  相似文献   

14.
邓伟涛  孙照渤  曾刚 《大气科学》2009,33(4):835-846
采用中国160站降水资料、NOAA ERSST海温资料以及ERA-40大气再分析资料, 分析了中国东部夏季降水型的年代际变化特征及其与北太平洋海温的可能联系。结果表明: 中国东部夏季降水型在近50年中经历了两次年代际变化, 第1次发生在20世纪70年代中后期, 北太平洋中纬度地区冬季海温由正距平向负距平转变, 太平洋年代际振荡(PDO, Pacific decadal oscillation) 由负位相向正位相转变, 通过影响东亚夏季风环流, 使东亚夏季风减弱, 中国东部夏季降水从北到南呈现出“+-+” 转变为“-+-”的三极分布形态, 这次年代际变化体现了同一模态正负位相的转变; 第2次发生在20世纪80年代末90年代初, 北太平洋海温转变为日本以南西北太平洋的正距平分布, 同时菲律宾群岛附近海温偏暖, 西太平洋副热带高压偏南偏西, 使得中国东部夏季降水由北至南转变成“-+”的偶极分布形态, 这次年代际变化体现了一种模态向另一种模态的转变。  相似文献   

15.
Global features of the Pacific-Japan Oscillation   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Summary Global features of tropical convection, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation associated with the Pacific-Japan Oscillation (PJO) are examined by using monthly mean global data for 6 years (1979–1984). It is shown that the PJO is not a local phenomena limited to the western-Pacific but related to global-scale atmosphere-ocean variations.The PJO highly correlates with interannual variations of SST in the tropical Pacific. During summers in which positive SST anomaly occurs in the tropical western Pacific, convective activity in the western Pacific especially near Philippines is strongly enhanced but that in the whole equatorial eastern Pacific is greatly suppressed due to negative SST anomaly in these areas.The Walker circulation is intensified in the equatorial Pacific and twin cyclonic cells at 200 mb are generated in the subtropical Pacific of both hemispheres. Strong anticyclonic circulations take place in the northern middle latitudes extending from East China to Northwest Pacific. Anomalous circulations are also generated in the other extratropical regions in the both Northern and Southern Hemispheres.With 7 Figures  相似文献   

16.
太平洋年代际振荡冷、暖背景下ENSO循环的特征   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
利用英国气象局哈德莱中心的月平均海温距平资料、美国Scripps海洋研究所联合环境分析中心(JEDAC)的海表和次表层海温观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)不同背景下ENSO循环的特征.结果表明,PDO为ENSO循环提供了一个年代际气候背景,在PDO的暖位相时期,El Nino事件发生的频率较高,强度较强;反之,在PDO的冷位相时期,La Nina事件发生的频率较高,强度较强.而且在不同的太平洋年代际振荡背景下,ENSO循环表现出不同的特征.在PDO冷位相时期,发生El Nino(La Nina)事件时,正(负)的SOTA从西太平洋沿温跃层向东传播,正(负)的SSTA从赤道东太平洋向西扩展到中太平洋,ENSO事件先在赤道东太平洋爆发.在PDO的暖位相时期,发生El Nino(La Nina)事件时,正(负)的SOTA首先出现在赤道中太平洋,然后沿温跃层向东传播,正(负)的SSTA从赤道中太平洋向东扩展到东太平洋,ENSO事件首先在中太平洋爆发.这为ENSO预测提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

17.
近百年中国东部夏季降水年代际变化特征及其原因   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
本文利用测站降水观测资料分析过去一百多年中国东部华北、长江流域以及华南夏季降水的年代际变化特征发现,尽管这三个地区的夏季降水具有不同的年代际转折时期,但是均同时在1910年代初期、1920年代初期、1940年代中期、1960年代中期、1970年代末期以及1990年代初期发生了跃变。近一百年间不同年代际时期东部夏季降水的分布型主要以南正北负或者南负北正的偶极型为主,并且无论是偶极型分布还是三极型分布,两个相邻年代际时期中国东部降水分布型发生完全反向变化的概率较高(60%)。此外,夏季的PDO、冬季的AO以及春季的北极海冰也同时在1920年代末期、1940年代中期、1970年代末期以及1990年代中期左右发生了跃变,这几次跃变时期与中国东部三个不同地区夏季降水发生跃变的时期一致,表现出近百年来太平洋年代振荡(PDO)、北极涛动(AO)以及北极海冰这三个因子对中国东部夏季降水年代际变化的协同作用。在年代际时间尺度上,夏季的PDO与华北夏季降水显著负相关。PDO的年代际变化能够在500 hPa位势高度场中激发出太平洋—日本(PJ)型年代际遥相关波列;同时在850 hPa风场中激发出类似于影响华北夏季降水年代际变化的大气环流型,从而影响华北降水的年代际变化。冬半年的AO与长江流域夏季降水存在显著正相关关系。冬季到春季正位相的AO导致亚洲大陆南部处于湿冷状态,土壤湿度的记忆性可将这种状态延续到夏季。因此,夏季海陆热力对比减弱,东亚夏季风发生年代际减弱,相应地长江流域的降水年代际增多。春季北极海冰与华南夏季降水显著负相关,北极海冰的年代际异常能在500 hPa位势高度场中激发出与静止Rossby波异常传播相联系的欧亚—华南年代际遥相关波列,从而影响华南降水的年代际变化。  相似文献   

18.
用偏最小二乘(Partial Least Square,PLS)回归方法分析了 1979~2018年影响亚马逊旱季(6~8月)降水年际变率的热带海面温度模态.第一海面温度模态解释了总方差的64%,主要表现为前期亚马逊雨季(12月至次年2月)至旱季(6~8月)热带东太平洋La Ni?a型海面温度异常演变.12月至次年2月...  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, the northward jump time of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) is defined and analyzed on the interdecadal timescale. The results show that under global warming, significant interdecadal changes have occurred in the time of the WPSH northward jumps. From 1951 to 2012, the time of the first northward jump of WPSH has changed from "continuously early" to "continuously late", with the transition occurring in 1980. The time of the second northward jump of WPSH shows a similar change, with the transition occurring in 1978. In this study, we offer a new perspective by using the time of the northward jump of WPSH to explain the eastern China summer rainfall pattern change from "north-abundant-southbelow-average" to "south-abundant-north-below-average" at the end of the 1970 s. The interdecadal change in the time of the northward jump of WPSH corresponds not only with the summer rainfall pattern, but also with the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO). The WPSH northward jump time corresponding to the cold(warm) phase of the PDO is early(late). Although the PDO and the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)both greatly influence the time of the two northward jumps of WPSH, the PDO’s effect is noticed before the ENSO’s by approximately 1–2 months. After excluding the ENSO influence, we derive composite vertical atmospheric circulation for different phases of the PDO. The results show that during the cold(warm)phase of the PDO, the atmospheric circulations at 200, 500, and 850 h Pa all contribute to an earlier(later)northward jump of the WPSH.  相似文献   

20.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对1948/1949-1999/2000共52个冬季的北太平洋上空中纬度阻塞异常的气修特征进行了统计分析,小波分析和功率谱分析结果表明该区域阻塞发生的频数具有很明显的3-7年的年际振荡和年代际变化特征。同时2-7年带通平均的小波方差谱分析结果表明阻塞的这种年际变化的振幅存在着缓慢下降的趋势,且气候突变在20世纪70年代,这进一步证明了北太平洋上空的阻塞活动具有年代际变化特征。对强阻塞异常的冬季和弱阻塞异常的冬季分别进行合成分析,结果表明,对于阻塞异常强的冬季,北太平洋西向东北方向加强并分裂成两个中心,而SST异常在中纬度太平洋则对应着典型的PDO型,在赤道地区则为类La Nina型的海温分布。而对于阻塞异常弱的冬季则对应截然不同甚至相反的分布特征,即500hPa高度异常场表现为符号相反的PNA型,风暴路径中心在日界线附近呈纬向型分布。同时SST异常在赤道地区则为典型的El Nino型的海温分布。以上结果揭示出北太平洋阻塞活动的年际变化可能主要与热带海温的遥响应相联系,而年代际变化则主要与中纬度局地的PDO型海温及其通过斜压瞬变波的海-气相互作用有关。  相似文献   

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