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1.
本文是近年对中国中、东部晚第三纪生物地层及哺乳动物化石研究成果的综述。在河北泥河湾地区,根据小哺乳动物化石新建立了稻地组。其下是含哺乳动物化石的蔚县组(早上新世)及壶流河组(最晚中新世)。宁夏同心地区晚第三纪生物地层可划分为两部分:上部可能属上新统;下部属中中新统上部。二者皆含哺乳动物化石。在甘肃广河地区发现的小哺乳动物化石证明,车头沟组及咸水河组分别属于早中中新世及晚中中新世。在湖北钟祥地区,根据采集的哺乳动物化石,将罗汉寺组划归中新世。 根据上面4个地区哺乳动物群的研究和对比,广河车头沟组最老,其它依次是广河咸水河组、泥河湾壶流河组、蔚县组及稻地组。钟祥罗汉寺组可能相当于车头沟组或者时代稍早。同心下部地层的时代可能与咸水河组相同。 相似文献
2.
北京延庆盆地第四纪早期介形类动物群,古生态及对该区古环境的认识 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
据延庆杨户庄等剖面的介形类化石，结合孢粉、有孔虫及延庆盆地的古地磁资料，确定含化石地层为下更新统。通过剖面上部产出的海相介形类、咸水介形类、有孔虫及剖面上部含的有孔虫、咸水介形类、轮藻等化石古生态的分析，认为延庆盆地在早更新世曾通过河道与海洋相通。推断有２个可能的通道：（１）古永定河、桑干河、妫水河和河流；（２）经过达岭、军都山的河流。笔者从地层对比新构造运动十分强烈。八达岭、军都山等山峦可能是早 相似文献
3.
北京延庆盆地第四纪早期介形类动物群、古生态及对该区古环境的认识 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
据延庆杨户庄等剖面的介形类化石，结合孢粉、有孔虫及延庆盆地的古地磁资料，确定含化石地层为下更新统。通过剖面下部产出的海相介形类、咸水介形美、有孔虫及剖面上部含的有孔虫、咸水介形类、轮藻等化石古生态的分析，认为延庆盆地在早更新世曾通过河道与海洋相通。推断有２个可能的通道：（１）吉永定河、桑干河、妫水河等河流；（２）经过八达岭、军都山的河流．笔者从地层对比确认新构造运动十分强烈．八达岭、军都山等山峦可能是早更新世以来逐渐升高形成的． 相似文献
4.
5.
辽东半岛东南岸全新世海进的认识 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
辽东半岛呈北东向低山丘陵地形,西临渤海,东濒黄海,半岛的东西两侧为窄长的第四纪沿海平原。为了搞清半岛东部沿海平原的第四纪海侵问题,近年来我们在东沟、庄河等地打了七个钻孔,分层取样,进行微体古生物的研究,首次发现了有孔虫及海生硅藻化石。 相似文献
6.
鄂尔多斯高原东南部,萨拉乌苏河两岸广泛出露巨厚的第四纪河湖相沉积,自其中发现丰富的哺乳动物化石以来,便成为华北晚更新世标准地层之一,命名为萨拉乌苏组。但以前多偏重于化石和石器的研究,并将这套巨厚的河湖相沉积笼统地划为晚更新世。这种情况已远远不能满足当前生产和科研发展的要求,迫切需要从沉积物特征、沉积环境、古气候等不同角度对该地层做进一步的详细划分。作者曾有机会参加萨拉乌苏河流域第四纪地质调查及古脊椎动物化石的发掘工作。 相似文献
7.
东海E1孔水深100m，是迄今东海陆架水深最深、采样最密、研究最详细的钻孔。依据有孔虫动物群的研究和碳同位素测年，可将E1孔的地层分成3段：S1—S3(0．00～3．34m)为全新统；S4—S24(3．34～53．43m)为晚更新统；S25(53．43～55．63m)为中更新统。有孔虫以浮游种类为主，属热带至亚热带动物群。研究发现本区自晚更新世以来有3次高海面期：第一次高海面期与长江三角洲平原的镇江海进、华北平原的天津海进和华南的长乐海进相当，属全新世，为外浅海环境；第二次高海面期与长江三角洲平原的隔湖海进、华北平原的沧州海进、和华南的福州海进相当，属晚更新世晚期，为外浅海环境；第三次高海面期与长江三角洲的江阴海进、华北平原的白洋淀海进相当，属晚更新世早期，为中至外浅海环境。在最晚中更新世低海面期本区曾暴露成陆。 相似文献
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9.
河北阳原、蔚县几个泥河湾组剖面的介绍 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 河北阳原、蔚县等地桑干河、壶流河两岸泥河湾层发育良好,出露面积广,厚度也较大,含丰富的哺乳动物化石。1978年,我们先后在红崖、铺路、郝家台等地测制了几个泥河湾组剖面(图1),并观察了前人测制的虎头梁、下沙沟、大南沟等地的剖面,确定了这一地区早更新世地层的底界。 相似文献
10.
许家窑组及许家窑文化层年代问题的磁性地层学证据 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
许家窑文化遗址的发现将传统上被认为是早更新世前后的泥河湾层的年代范围推至晚更新世 ,由此建立的许家窑组被确认为我国北方晚更新世湖相沉积的标准地层。近几年对包含许家窑文化层在内的泥河湾层用高分辨率磁性地层学方法研究结果表明 ,在文化层以下 3m处发现了厚度达 6 m以上且分布连续的反向极性带 (未见底 ) ,综合分析认为 ,该反向极性带为松山反向极性带。这一发现否定了在文化层以下 4— 5 m处存在布莱克反向极性偏移的报道。根据松山反向极性时的结束时间为距今 78万年及泥河湾层的沉积速率推算 ,许家窑泥河湾层的年代范围应为早更新世晚期至中更新世 ,而许家窑文化层应为中更新世早期。由此可见 ,泥河湾层的年代范围及分组方案尚需用多种手段进一步研究才能定论 相似文献
11.
Benthic foraminifera, preserved in the Late Cretaceous organic carbon-rich sediments of Gamba, southern Tibet, provide high-resolution proxies for sea-level changes and dissolved oxygen fluctuations of southeastern Tethys. The fossils were statistically analyzed and divided into three faunas of "Cenomanian fauna", "Turonian fauna", and "Coniacian fauna". A middle neritic-upper bathal environment (50-250m) was estimated considering the ratios of planktonic and epifaunal benthic foraminifera (P/(P+E)), the morphological analysis according to the studies of recent foraminifera and the abundant distributions of depth-related species such as Alabamina creta, Laevidentalina sp., Praebulimina spp., Pleurostomella cf. naranjoensis, Pyrulina sp., Quinqueloculina spp., Haplophragmoides spp., etc. The result shows an almost parallel trend with the global transgressive and regressive cycles, but the former fluctuates more frequently at upper Cenomanian, which probably indicates tectonic instability of the continental margin. According to the benthic foraminiferal richness (BFN), Shannon-Weiner diversity (H(s)), as well as benthic foraminiferal oxygen index (BFOI), five periods of oxygen depleted conditions (dysoxic-anoxic) have been recognized. They correspond to the OAE2, the lower Turonian, the upper Turonian, the Turonian-Caniacian boundary event and the probably OAE3. In addition, the oxygen fluctuations in Gamba might be controlled directly by sea-level changes, while the paleoproductivity and oxygen conditions interacted with each other under oxygen deficiency environments. 相似文献
12.
Hara Drinia 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2009,1(1):1-18
Assemblages of benthic foraminifera from one clastic succession in the Afales Basin (Ithaki Island, western Greece) were investigated to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Oligocene. The section consists of alternating hemipelagic marls and detrital deposits, designated as flysch-like beds, attributed to biostratigraphic Zones P20 and P21. Planktic percentages are mostly high (66–80%). Benthic foraminiferal assemblages comprise calcareous and agglutinated taxa (up to 15%). The prevalence of epifaunal foraminifera indicates good ventilation of the bottom water resulting from basin morphology, which enabled the undisturbed flow of water throughout the basin. Palaeodepth estimates imply bathyal deposition, from about 800 to 1200 m deep. The benthic foraminiferal fauna is of high diversity along the section, as is expected in deep marine environments. The abundances of the most common foraminiferal taxa (Cibicidoides spp., Oridorsalis umbonatus, Gyroidinoides spp., Stilostomella spp., Nodosariidae, Nuttallides umbonifera) are quite variable and imply generally oligotrophic to mesotrophic environmental conditions with variable organic flux. 相似文献
13.
The concept of anthropogenic impact is extremely important to be considered while analysing the ecology of coast and shelf
zones. For centuries, these zones have been the epicentres for various human activities, including urbanisation, construction
of sea ports and harbours, development of natural reservoirs (including oil production and fishing), marine aquaculture, shipping,
recreation and many others. Many of the activities in progress on both sides of the shoreline provide 50% or more of the gross
State/UT (Union Tertiary) product for surrounding states. The data shows that land-based and atmospheric sources account for
about two-thirds of the total contamination found in the marine environment, constituting 44 and 33%, respectively. The greatest
anthropogenic pollution pressure undoubtedly falls on the shelf zones and coastal areas. To prove this theory, a total of
25 bottom sediment samples were collected within the depth zone of 5 fathoms from the South Andaman coastal fringe for sediment
geochemistry studies and foraminiferal analysis. The samples were further analysed for heavy metal pollutants like Co, Cu,
Mn, Pb and Zn. The study yielded 20 benthic foraminiferal species. Of these, five benthic species were living including Ammonia beccarii, Calcarine calcar, Elphidium crispum, Operculina complanata and Nonion deppresula. The presence of deformed specimens and the domination of Ammonia spp. are indications of a polluted environment. Sampled coral reefs had high abundances of Operculina spp. The highest counts of benthic microbiota were found in finer sediment. Species diversity is very limited along the coastal
fringe of South Andaman Island in comparison with fauna from the coast of India. This first report of benthic foraminifera
from South Andaman Island will allow us to assess future impacts of marine pollution because foraminiferal deformations are
positively correlated to the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn). 相似文献
14.
Carme Boix Gianluca Frijia Vicent Vicedo Josep M. Bernaus Matteo Di Lucia Mariano Parente Esmeralda Caus 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(6):806-822
The Upper Cretaceous La Cova limestones (southern Pyrenees, Spain) host a rich and diverse larger foraminiferal fauna, which represents the first diversification of K-strategists after the mass extinction at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary.The stratigraphic distribution of the main taxa of larger foraminifera defines two assemblages. The first assemblage is characterised by the first appearance of lacazinids (Pseudolacazina loeblichi) and meandropsinids (Eofallotia simplex), by the large agglutinated Montsechiana montsechiensis, and by several species of complex rotalids (Rotorbinella campaniola, Iberorotalia reicheli, Orbitokhatina wondersmitti and Calcarinella schaubi). The second assemblage is defined by the appearance of Lacazina pyrenaica, Palandrosina taxyae and Martiguesia cyclamminiformis.A late Coniacian-early Santonian age was so far accepted for the La Cova limestones, based on indirect correlation with deep-water facies bearing planktic foraminifers of the Dicarinella concavata zone. Strontium isotope stratigraphy, based on many samples of pristine biotic calcite of rudists and ostreids, indicates that the La Cova limestones span from the early Coniacian to the early-middle Santonian boundary. The first assemblage of larger foraminifera appears very close to the early-middle Coniacian boundary and reaches its full diversity by the middle Coniacian. The originations defining the second assemblage are dated as earliest Santonian: they represent important bioevents to define the Coniacian-Santonian boundary in the shallow-water facies of the South Pyrenean province.By means of the calibration of strontium isotope stratigraphy to the Geological Time Scale, the larger foraminiferal assemblages of the La Cova limestones can be correlated to the standard biozonal scheme of ammonites, planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton. This correlation is a first step toward a larger foraminifera standard biozonation for Upper Cretaceous carbonate platform facies. 相似文献
15.
藏南定日地区Cenomanian/Turonian界线附近的生物古海洋事件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
藏南定日地区在白垩纪中期发育一套浅灰色深灰色的以钙质页岩、泥灰岩及微晶灰岩为主的浅海陆棚相沉积,岩石中除含较高的粘土矿物及陆源石英矿物颗粒以外,还含有十分丰富的有孔虫化石。依据浮游有孔虫Helvetoglobotruncana praehelvetica的首次出现将C/T界线置于样品9922及9923之间,该界线位于Whiteinella archaeocretacea化石带之中。通过定量分析,该区有孔虫的丰度、分异度以及浮游与底栖有孔虫比率、具旋脊与不具旋脊有孔虫的比率等指标在剖面纵向上表现出3个明显的演化阶段,即Rotalipora cushmani带上部、W.archaeocretacea带及H.helvetica带下部,有孔虫动物群的变化特征完整地记录了C/T界线附近古海洋事件的全过程。该次事件中,碳稳定同位素δ13C值存在着明显的异常变化——正向偏移,元素地球化学U、Th及K的丰度也表现出明显的异常变化,其丰度值均比标准平均值偏高。所有这些特征均是在全球洋脊迅速扩张这一背景下海平面发生剧烈变化的结果。 相似文献
16.
Iván Hernández‐Almeida Francisco Javier Sierro José‐Abel Flores Isabel Cacho Gabriel Michael Filippelli 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(1):140-159
Marine sediments from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Project (IODP) Site U1314 (56.36°N, 27.88°W), in the subpolar North Atlantic, were studied for their planktonic foraminifera, calcium carbonate content, and Neogloboqudrina pachyderma sinistral (sin.) δ13C records in order to reconstruct surface and intermediate conditions in this region during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Variations in the palaeoceanography and regional dynamics of the Arctic Front were estimated by comparing CaCO3 content, planktonic foraminiferal species abundances, carbon isotopes and ice‐rafted debris (IRD) data from Site U1314 with published data from other North Atlantic sites. Site U1314 exhibited high abundances of the polar planktonic foraminifera N. pachyderma sin. and low CaCO3 content until Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 26, indicating a relatively southeastward position of the Arctic Front (AF) and penetration of colder and low‐salinity surface arctic water‐masses. Changing conditions after MIS 25, with oscillations in the position of the AF, caused an increase in the northward export of the warmer North Atlantic Current (NAC), indicated by greater abundances of non‐polar planktonic foraminifera and higher CaCO3. The N. pachyderma sin. δ13C data indicate good ventilation of the upper part of the intermediate water layer in the eastern North Atlantic during both glacial and interglacial stages, except during Terminations 24/23, 22/21 and 20/1. In addition, for N. pachyderma (sin.) we distinguished two morphotypes: non‐encrusted and heavily encrusted test. Results indicate that increases in the encrusted morphotype and lower planktonic foraminiferal diversity are related to the intensification of glacial conditions (lower sea‐surface temperatures, sea‐ice formation) during MIS 22 and 20. 相似文献
17.
Comparison of radiolarian/planktonic foraminiferal paleoceanography of the subantarctic Indian Ocean
A detailed paleoceanographic history of the Subantarctic region for the last million years was determined using paleomagnetic stratigraphy, radiolarian and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, and the oxygen isotope record from stages 1 to 13 (0.5 MY) in a deep-sea core (E45-74) from the southern Indian Ocean. Changes in the abundances of Antarctissa strelkovi and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma record 12 glacial/interglacial cycles. The paleoceanographic events based on the combined results of these siliceous and calcareous indexes agree with changes in the global ice-volume record. Calcium carbonate dissolution selectively alters the planktonic foraminiferal fauna and causes test fragmentation and increased numbers of benthic foraminifera and radiolarians. Intense periods of calcium carbonate dissolution are associated principally with glacial episodes and are probably related to increased Antarctic bottom-water activity as well as changes in surface-water mass positions. 相似文献
18.
Holocene paleoenvironmental changes have been interpreted on the basis of benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils recovered in samples from Napostá Grande Stream, Bahía Blanca estuary, southern Buenos Aires Province. Samples are fine sands and clay sediments from a Holocene outcrop and were studied with quantitative techniques. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Ammonia parkinsoniana, Ammonia tepida, Bolivina pseudoplicata, Bolivina striatula, Bolivina sp., Buccella peruviana, and Elphidium spp. The calcareous nannofossil assemblage recovered is a typical cold-water association, dominated by Calcidiscus leptoporus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Emiliana huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. A dendrogram classification by cluster analysis was made for each microfossil group. The results of these analyses were coincident, showing a liaison between changes in the assemblages of benthic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils. Those results, jointly with the sedimentological information, lead to the identification of three different paleoenvironments along the Napostá N1 site. The lower part of the succession represents an estuarine environment with larger marine connection. The middle part represents a gradual passage to a more restricted estuarine environment, and the upper part represents the establishment of the modern continental fresh-water environment. 相似文献
19.
R. Nagendra P. Sathiyamoorthy S. Pattanayak A. Nallapa Reddy B. C. Jaiprakash 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2013,21(7):675-688
The Karai shale Formation of the Uttatur Group is exposed in a bad land area at the western margin of the Cauvery Basin. This shale has been investigated based on foraminiferal fauna and clay minerals. The foraminiferal assemblages obtained contain predominantly calcareous benthic foraminifera, rare planktic and arenaceous foraminifera. The planktic foraminiferal index taxa Planomalina buxtorfi, Rotalipora reicheli, Praeglobotruncana stephani, and Hedbergella portsdownensis suggest the late Albian to middle Turonian age. The benthic assemblage dominated by Lenticulina, Gavelinella, Osangularia and Quadrimorphina, suggests an outer neritic (100–200 m) environment. The clay mineral content dominated by kaolinite-illite-montmorillonite indicates that the Karai shale was formed from weathering of igneous rocks. 相似文献