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1.
岩石孔隙流体对纵横波速度影响的实验研究及意义 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
我们用ＭＴＳ的超声波测试系统研究了地表岩样饱和水及孔隙压力对纵横波速度的影响。在实验研究中,分别在常温常压条件下测量了干燥岩石和完全饱水岩石的纵横波速度,并在模拟地层条件下,测量了岩石纵横波速度随孔隙压力的变化。实验结果显示：（１）岩石完全饱和水后,与干燥时相比,纵波速度将明显增加,最大可增加３０％,且岩石在干燥时的纵波速度越低速度增大的比例越大,但纵波速度增大的比例与孔隙度无明显关系。饱水前后横波速度几乎保持不变。（２）在模拟地层的温压条件下,当孔隙压力由低到高,纵横波速度均将线性减小,且横波速度比纵波速度下降的比例更大。据此,得到了识别地层异常高压和地层含气的地震速度标志。 相似文献
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高温高压下斜长角闪岩弹性、电学性质及其地质意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在1.0GPa、室温至700℃条件下,分别采用超声波反射-投射法和阻抗谱法,测量了华北克拉通北缘绿泥石化斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度和电导率.在常温、压力＞0.35 GPa的条件下,斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与压力呈线性关系,说明此时岩石中的微裂隙已经基本闭合.依据该线性关系,得到常温常压下斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度为6.390 7 km/s,压力系数为0.160 6 km/(s·GPa).在1.0 GPa条件下,斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与温度呈线性关系,温度系数为-0.000 594 km/(s·℃).在1.0 GPa、200～700℃条件下,斜长角闪岩样品的电导率符合Arrhenius公式,指前因子为25.78～105.32 S/m,活化能为0.57～0.66 eV.利用实验获得的弹性波纵波速度及其温度系数和压力系数以及电导率与温度的关系,结合现今华北克拉通地热学的基本参数,计算得到斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度-深度剖面和电导率-深度剖面,将二者分别与华北克拉通北缘深部地壳的弹性及电性结构进行对比的结果表明:高温高压下绿泥石化斜长角闪岩的弹性波纵波速度与该地区中地壳速度相当,电导率介于中、下地壳范围内.综合来看,实验的绿泥石化斜长角闪岩有可能是组成现今华北克拉通北缘的中地壳岩石之一. 相似文献
3.
地球深部物质的某些物性测量方法研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
文中介绍了地球深部物质实验室近 2 0年来开展高温高压下地球深部物质物性实验研究过程中 ,在测量方法方面的进步和应用情况。这些测量方法包括了高温、高压下弹性的超声测量方法、高温高压下电性的测量方法、高压差热分析法和高压下热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法诟呶赂哐瓜卵沂涂笪锏牡猿饬恐?,我们由超声脉冲透射方法改进为超声脉冲透射反射法 ,克服了样品室中压力和温度梯度对样品的影响。在高温高压下岩石和矿物的电学性质测量中 ,我们由直流法发展为阻抗谱法 ,不仅克服了样品极化对测量结果的影响 ,还可以获得离子在溶液中的多种物理化学参数 ,以及监测含水矿物在高温高压下的脱水动力学特征。在固体传压介质中建立的高压热学Gr櫣ｎｅｉｓｅｎ参数的测量方法 ,由于升压速率比较小且叶蜡石在高压下的热导系数增大 ,其测量结果需要进行校正 ,其测量方法有待进一步改进。 相似文献
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高温高压下闪长岩弹性纵波速度的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用YJ-3000吨压力机,在1．0GPa、室温至1000℃条件下采用超声波脉冲透射-反射法就位测量了闪长岩的纵波速度(VP),并在720℃、780℃、870℃和980℃获得了4个实验产物。在1．0GPa恒定压力下,闪长岩的VP随温度升高呈线性缓慢降低;当温度大于750℃时,波速开始大幅度下降。显微镜观察和电子探针鉴定结果表明：在不同温度下闪长岩内部的矿物发生了不同程度的脱水和部分熔融等反应。波速随温度升高呈线性和非线性下降,主要是由于在高温高压条件下岩石内部矿物发生热膨胀、脱水和部分熔融等反应引起了岩石 相似文献
7.
循环冲击下波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在动静组合加载试验系统上,对有轴向预应力的岩石进行循环冲击时无法测量其声波波速,以致于不能用声波波速值的变化研究此过程中岩石的损伤演变特性,为此提出了基于岩石波阻抗定义其损伤变量的方法。在理论上证明裂隙岩石的密度和纵波波速间具有良好的正向相关性,在同一损伤过程中,岩石的波阻抗与其纵波波速的相对变化量接近,根据密度和纵波波速都能反映岩石损伤的现实,得出基于岩石波阻抗定义岩石损伤的方法是可行的结论,并给出其定义损伤变量的表达式。根据一维应力波理论,推导出由入射波和反射波或透射波求解波阻抗的表达式。对利用霍布金森压杆装置进行试验时应力波在岩石试件两界面间多次透反射的过程进行了分析,在此基础上,确定了由试验数据计算循环冲击过程中岩石波阻抗的方法。对岩石试件进行了无初始应力的循环冲击试验,测量了岩石在每次冲击后的纵波波速,得出了基于波阻抗和纵波波速定义的损伤变量具有相同的变化趋势的结论,并分析了二者之间有差别的原因。研究结果表明,在入射能大小接近的循环冲击过程中,利用波阻抗定义岩石损伤变量的方法是可行的 相似文献
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节理面透射模型及其隔振性能研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
振动波入射到节理界面上,与软弱断层一样会产生波场的分解,能够起到隔振作用。根据线性变形节理的透反射规律研究发现,隔振后各点的波场可由透射P波与透射S波叠加而成,其能量分配服从Zoeppritz方程,不连续位移造成了透射波的衰减;法向刚度增加透射纵波系数会增加,而切向刚度与透射纵波无关,法向与切向刚度对透射S波均有影响,刚度增加透射S波振幅逐渐降低,逐步逼近于0;由于透射后波场相互干涉,不同波场延时不同,透射合成波与入射波相比,振幅降低,持续时间增加,波形尾段有畸变;总能量系数与节理面的刚度无关,而随入射角增加不断降低。 相似文献
10.
从纵波传播过程的反射和透射的基本原理出发,介绍了反射波法桩身完整性检测数据在频率域中定量确定视反射系数和反射波往返时间的一种新的理论和方法. 相似文献
11.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌｗａｖｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ（ｖｐ）ｉｎｒｏｃｋｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄａｔｈｉｇｈｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｉｓｏｆｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｉｍｐｏｒ－ｔａｎｃｅｔｏｅｌｕｃｉｄａ... 相似文献
12.
Correlating Wave Velocities with Physical,Mechanical Properties and Petrographic Characteristics of Peridotites from the Central Greece 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
K. Diamantis S. Bellas G. Migiros E. Gartzos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(6):1049-1062
Knowledge of compressional and shear wave velocities is necessary to estimate the physical, dynamic and mechanical properties
of rocks with an indirect, but easy, fast and economical way. Although, many attempts have been made to correlate the wave
velocities with the rock characteristics, only few studies have been concentrated on ultrabasic rocks and especially on peridotites.
The aim of this study is to apply correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between wave velocities and rock properties
for peridotites. Thus, 35 fresh peridotite samples (non or slightly serpentinized ultrabasic rocks), taken from the western
part of Othrys mt and the Kallidromo mt (central Greece) were tested. The relationships between P and S wave velocities and the rock properties are described by simple regression analyses and the confidence intervals are presented
as well. The study reveals strong positive, linear correlations between the P and S wave velocities. Positive, linear relationships are also indicated between wave velocities and unit weight and mechanical
properties, while the increase of effective porosity causes decrease of the wave velocities. The wave velocities are exponentially
affected with serpentinization percentage, while the best fit equations between wave velocities and primary minerals are logarithmic.
The wave velocities and the micropetrographic index Ips are strongly correlated by both exponential and linear functions, but exponential trends present higher determination coefficients. 相似文献
13.
As a result of civilization, a lot of underground and surface structures have been constructed on or within complex rocks such as mélange and lahars. There are many engineering problems related to this group of rocks called block-in-matrix rocks (bimrock). In the literature, the more important parameter controlling the geomechanical characteristics of bimrocks is volumetric block proportion (VBP), and there is much uncertainty related to estimated VBP applying sieve or image analysis. So, in this research, to develop a relation between the VBP and ultrasonic wave velocities and find how the fractal dimension and maximum block size affect the P and S wave velocities, 90 large-scale cubic samples were fabricated and the P and S wave velocities were measured in three perpendicular directions inside the physical samples. The fabricated samples were almost isotropic, and there was a direct relation between ultrasonic wave velocities and VBP. The difference between the evaluated VBP and the real one was in the range of ?10 to +15% when the real VBP was equal or less than 60% and up to +25% when the real VBP was equal to 75%. In general, the fractal dimension had an indirect relation with ultrasonic velocities and there was no dominant trend for ultrasonic wave velocity variation versus the maximum block size. 相似文献
14.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔100～2000m岩石弹性波速度：对地震深反射的约束 总被引：15，自引：11，他引：15
在常温常压条件对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔岩心的700样品进行了弹性波速度测量，并建立了主孔2000m的波速(Vp和Vs)连续剖面，为检验地球物理模型的合理解释提供了岩石物理学方面的宝贵资料。主孔中新鲜榴辉岩纵波速度(Vp)最大(7.86km／s)，正副片麻岩波速最小，又分别为5.53km／s和5．71km／s，榴辉岩的波速随着退变质作用的增强而明显减小。主孔2000m总平均Vp速度为6．2km／s，它与地球物理探测方法获得的大别-苏鲁造山带上地壳具有6.2-6．3km／s高速层结论是一致的。大部分岩石具有明显地震波各向异性。水饱和度使岩石纵波(Vp)速度和剪切波速度(Vs)分别增加19％和6％，而使Vp的各向异性降低3％～4％。不同岩性界面的反射系数(Rc)是产生地震反射的主要原因。金红石榴辉岩与片麻岩之间具有很高的反射系数(0.24-0．31)。韧性剪切带中糜棱岩化片麻岩和面理化榴辉岩使岩石各向异性和反射强度明显增加。岩石微裂隙与主孔原位波速变化有密切关系。饱水岩石速度(Vp和Vs)可以代表CCSD主孔原位状态的地震波速度。上述成果为本区地震反射体成因提供了重要的岩石物理性质约束。 相似文献
15.
H. Kern 《Tectonophysics》1978,44(1-4)
Compressional wave velocities have been measured in granite, granulite, amphibolite and peridotite specimens under conditions of high temperature up to 700°C and confining pressures up to 6 kbar. In general, velocity increases with pressure and decreases with temperature.Quartz-bearing rocks show an anomalous behavior of their compressional wave velocities. The velocity—temperature relations exhibit a velocity-“deep” due to the high—low inversion of the constituent quartz crystals. The intrinsic effect of temperature on velocities is hard to determine due to thermal expansion and consequent loosening of the structure. The opening of new cracks and the widening of old cracks causes a large decrease in compressional wave velocities. The minimum pressure to prevent damage at a given temperature should, therefore, be about 1 kbar/100°C.The values obtained at these conditions are considered to be most nearly correct as intrinsic properties of the compact aggregates. Velocity anisotropies at high confining pressures and high temperatures correlate with preferred lattice orientation of the constituent minerals. The effect of dimensional orientation and microcracks on seismic anisotropy seems to be of minor importance in dry rocks. It is the more eliminated the higher the confining pressure. The data do not support the concept of a velocity maximum in depth of 10–20 km. 相似文献
16.
以岩石物理理论为基础,在变温、变压条件下对塔河油田志留系和泥盆系岩样进行超声波纵、横波速度及密度测定,岩石物理试验表明塔河油田饱水岩样、饱油岩样和泥岩,纵波速度和横波速度都具有很好的线性关系,岩石的纵横波速度均随着温度压力的增加而增大。干岩石以及饱含水岩石的纵横波速度均随着岩石孔隙度的增加而变小。采用Shuey近似理论,根据测定的岩石物理参数,进行了AVO正演模拟,结果表明塔河地区研究目的层的AVO异常类型属于第一类。 相似文献
17.
人类有关地球内部物质成份、结构和物理状态的认识绝大多数来自于地震波的资料,而地震波资料的正确解释又离不开岩石地震波性质的高温高压实验研究。地壳和地幔岩石的地震波性质和各向异性是当今世界地学前沿研究的一项重要内容,该领域横跨了地震学、岩石物理学和构造地质学,在过去一段时间里非常活跃并取得许多重要的成果。本文仅将作者近年来研究岩石地震波性质（例如,岩石波速滞后性,地震波速随围压的变化规律,纵、横波速之间的关系,泊松比等）的部分进展做一简扼的综述,并谨以此纪念已故中国科学院院士张文佑先生诞辰100周年。 相似文献
18.
1.0 GPa、高温下岩石熔融玻璃的弹性波速测量及其地球物理意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用超声波反射法,在1.0GPa、最高温度分别达900℃和730℃条件下,测量了岩石成分从酸性到基性的7种熔融玻璃的纵波波速(vp)和横波波速(vs)随温度的变化。实验过程证明,高压下升温过程中样品被压缩导致了样品中弹性波走时减少,而降温过程中样品长度基本保持不变。结果显示,1.0GPa下,随实验温度升高,不同成分玻璃的vp首先以-0.2×10-3km.s-1.℃-1到-0.7×10-3km.s-1.℃-1不等的速率缓慢降低,而其vs多以-0.1×10-3km.s-1.℃-1速率随温度升高而降低。当温度高于玻璃转变温度(Tg)后,玻璃的vp开始以-0.8×10-3km.s-1.℃-1到-3.6×10-3km.s-1.℃-1不等的速率快速下降。根据玻璃vp随温度变化速率的改变,拟合出这几种玻璃的转变温度从584℃到654℃。由实验获得的玻璃波速,利用Voigt-Reuss-Hill(VRH)平均计算出下地壳岩石中玻璃的存在将降低岩石的波速,并由此为下地壳低速层提出一种新的解释,即非晶质体的存在可能在下地壳形成地震波低速层。 相似文献
19.
The Peloritani Mountain Belt (north-eastern Sicily) represents the connection between the Southern Appenninic Range and the Appenninic Maghrebid Chain. The lithotypes outcropping in a 36 km long and approximately 8 km wide area in the eastern part of the Peloritani Mountains are considered to represent most properly the composition of the lower crust. We selected 7 representative samples of silicate rocks (amphibolite, paragneisses, augen gneiss, phyllitic quartzite, pegmatitic rock) and 3 samples of calcite rocks (calc-schist, marbles) for the petrophysical measurements. Measurements were done on sample cubes of dry rocks in a multi-anvil apparatus. Raising of pressure gives rise to velocity increase, but the rate is different in the silicate and calcite rocks and closely related to progressive closure of microcracks. Linear behaviour is approached above about 200 MPa. Increasing temperature at 600 MPa decreases velocities in most silicate and in the calcite rocks with almost linear slopes. Substantial anisotropy of P- and S-wave velocities and shear wave splitting is found in both rock types. The residual anisotropy observed above about 200 MPa is attributed to lattice preferred orientations (LPO) of major minerals. 3D velocity calculations for an amphibolite, a paragneiss and a marble sample based on the LPO of hornblende, biotite and calcite, respectively, confirm the experimental findings of a close relationship between velocity anisotropy, shear wave splitting, shear wave polarization, lattice preferred orientation and the structural frame of the rocks (foliation, lineation). In the silicate rocks, the intrinsic (600 MPa) average P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios exhibit a tendency for a linear increase with densities, whereas the three calcite rocks cluster at markedly higher P-wave velocities and Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratios, compared to their densities. In the silicate rocks, there is also a linear trend for an inverse relationship between the SiO2 content, density and the Poisson's (Vp / Vs) ratio, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Seismic velocities under confining pressures to 10 kbar have been measured for rocks of the Ivrea—Verbano and Strona—Ceneri Zones of northern Italy, a metamorphic complex thought to represent a cross-section of the continental crust and crust—mantle boundary. Laboratory-determined compressional wave velocities for schists and gneisses of the amphibolite facies found in the upper levels of the section (having an average density of 2.74 g/cm3) average 6.45 km/sec at pressures between 6 and 10 kbar. These increase with depth to values greater than 7.1 km/sec for amphibolites and rocks of the amphibolite—granulite facies transition and to 7.5 km/sec. (average density 3.06 g/cm3) in intermediate and mafic granulite facies rocks near the base of the section. Compressional wave velocities then abruptly increase to 8.5 km/sec in ultramafic complexes near the Insubric Line. Regional geophysical surveys show that Pg is 6.0 km/sec (density of 2.7 g/cm3), P* is 7.2–7.4 km/sec (density of 3.1 g/cm3) and Pn is 8.1 km/sec, values which are in agreement with the laboratory data when effects of temperature are taken into consideration. Estimated thicknesses of exposed rock units are in reasonable agreement with thicknesses determined for crustal layers in seismic refraction experiments. The agreement between the regional crustal structure and the laboratory-determined values of velocity and density provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that the rocks of this metamorphic complex represent a cross-section of the continental crust of the Po Basin.Using the Ivrea—Verbano and Strona—Ceneri sequence as a model of the continental crust, the crust of northern Italy is shown to consist of a thick series of metamorphic rocks with greenschist facies rocks occupying the uppermost levels. These grade downward into amphibolite facies gneisses and schists with occasional granitic intrusives. The Conrad discontinuity is marked by a change from silicic and intermediate amphibolite facies gneisses to intermediate and mafic granulite facies rocks in which hydrous minerals diminish in abundance and thus represents a distinct transition in terms of both composition and metamorphic grade. The lower crust is dominated by a heterogeneous series of mafic and metapelitic rocks in the granulite facies. Importantly, metasedimentary rocks of intermediate silica content found in the complex can have compressional wave velocities equivalent to velocities in mafic rocks suggesting that the lower continental crust everywhere is not necessarily mafic in composition. Ultramafic complexes near the Insubric Line may represent the upper mantle of the continent and their setting suggests that the continental crust-upper mantle boundary is sharp and is not isochemical. 相似文献