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1.
岩溶热储储层的不均匀性强,采灌井之间的连通性不易确定。示踪技术可以将运移参数量化,有效刻画储层流体的特征,研究回灌井和开采井之间的水力联系,包括导水通道,流体流速等信息,对长期回灌可能引起的开采井的冷却进行预测,是岩溶热储井间连通性研究十分有效的技术。本文以华北牛驼镇地热田雄县地区为例,针对蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储,采用荧光素钠示踪剂,进行了1口井注入,10口井观测的群井示踪试验。采用裂隙介质溶质运移模型,对示踪试验数据进行了解释,得到优势通道的长度、渗透流速、纵向弥散度、回收率等储层性质,获得了试验区内采灌井之间的连通特征。对调整采灌井布局提出了建议。 相似文献
2.
Saeid Sadeghnejad Mohsen Masihi Mahmoudreza Pishvaie Peter R. King 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(3):321-340
Complicated sedimentary processes control the spatial distribution of geological heterogeneities. This serves to make the nature of the fluid flow in the hydrocarbon reservoirs immensely complex. Proper modeling of these heterogeneities and evaluation of their connectivity are crucial and affects all aspects of fluid flow. Since the natural variability of heterogeneity occurs in a myriad of length scales, accurate modeling of the rock type connectivity requires a very fine scheme, which is computationally very expensive. Hence, this makes other alternative methods such as the percolation approach attractive and necessary. The percolation approach considers the hypothesis that a reservoir can be split into either permeable (sand/fracture) or impermeable rocks (shale/matrix). In this approach, the connectivity of the permeable fraction governs the flow. This method links the global properties of the system to the density of the permeable objects distributed randomly in the system. Moreover, this approach reduces many results to some simple master curves from which all-possible outcomes can be predicted by simple algebraic transformations. The current study contributes to extending the applicability of the methodology to anisotropic systems as well as using the complicated and more realistic sandbody shapes (for example, ellipsoids). This enables us to attain a better assessment of the connectivity and its associated uncertainty of the complicated rock types. Furthermore, to validate the approach, the Burgan reservoir dataset of the Norouz offshore oil field in the south of Iran was used. The findings are in conformity with the percolation approach predictions. 相似文献
3.
盐膏层是油气成藏的良好盖层,塔里木盆地多个大型油气藏都属于巨厚盐下油气藏,为了提高单井产能,决定采用定向井和水平井来开发盐下油气藏。由于盐膏层距离产层较近,需要在盐膏层进行造斜。造斜井段盐膏层井眼的缩径规律及其对套管外载的影响国内外鲜有报道。应用有限元方法建立了造斜井段砂岩和盐膏岩地层、水泥环及套管耦合的三维力学模型,以塔里木羊塔克区块岩石力学测试成果为基础,研究得到造斜段井斜和方位对井眼缩径及套管外载的影响规律。该研究成果成功应用于塔里木巨厚盐下定向井、水平井轨迹设计,钻遇盐膏层泥浆密度的确定和井身结构设计,为塔里木盐膏层钻井、完井施工提供了重要的理论参考。 相似文献
4.
Stylolites are rough surfaces, formed by localized rock dissolution, and prevalent in carbonates and other sedimentary rocks. Their impact on porosity and permeability, and capacity to accommodate compactive strain, are well documented. This paper presents a meso-scale field study on sedimentary stylolites in carbonates, characterizing large-scale distributions of stylolites, including measurements conducted on longer than kilometer-long stylolites. Our field study suggests that on large scales connections between stylolites become important. Since connectivity, and also lack of connectivity, are expected to play a significant role in strain accommodation and hydraulic rock properties, we suggest that large-scale analysis may require a new characterization scheme for “stylolite populations”, based on their connectivity. We therefore divide sedimentary stylolite populations into three end-member types, which are correlated with the three possibilities for percolation of such systems: isolated stylolites (with zero percolation/connectivity), long-parallel stylolites (with 2-dimensional percolation/connectivity), and interconnected stylolite networks (with 3-dimensional percolation/connectivity). New statistical parameters and measures are devised and used to quantitatively characterize the different population types. Schematic mechanistic models are then offered to explain the evolution of the three end-member connectivity-classes. In addition we discuss the effect on fluid flow of the different population types. 相似文献
5.
为获得晋城矿区某区块3号煤层的储层连通性及其优势渗流方向,为矿区煤层气规模开发方案制定与调整提供依据,利用干扰试井技术对该区块井网内的煤层气井进行井间干扰测试。选定一口井为激动井,其周围5口井为观测井,组成干扰试井测试井组,测试并分析煤层气储层的连通性及其优势渗流方向。结果表明:激动井W-160井与观测井W-156井、W-166井间的煤层气储层连通性,优于其与观测井W-161井、W-157井以及W-164井间的储层连通性,即该区块煤层气储层的优势渗流方向为NE-SW向。将测试成果与生产实际相比对,验证了其正确性。试验证明了干扰试井测试可有效识别煤层气储层的连通性及优势渗流方向。 相似文献
6.
Tailai Wen Marco R. Thiele David Echeverría Ciaurri Khalid Aziz Yinyu Ye 《Computational Geosciences》2014,18(3-4):483-504
Waterflooding is a common secondary oil recovery process. Performance of waterfloods in mature fields with a significant number of wells can be improved with minimal infrastructure investment by optimizing injection/production rates of individual wells. However, a major bottleneck in the optimization framework is the large number of reservoir flow simulations often required. In this work, we propose a new method based on streamline-derived information that significantly reduces these computational costs in addition to making use of the computational efficiency of streamline simulation itself. We seek to maximize the long-term net present value of a waterflood by determining optimal individual well rates, given an expected albeit uncertain oil price and a total fluid injection volume. We approach the optimization problem by decomposing it into two stages which can be implemented in a computationally efficient manner. We show that the two-stage streamline-based optimization approach can be an effective technique when applied to reservoirs with a large number of wells in need of an efficient waterflooding strategy over a 5 to 15-year period. 相似文献
7.
塔河岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞系统流体动态连通性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
塔里木盆地塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储集体属于表生岩溶作用形成的喀斯特缝洞系统。其储集体孔隙空间类型主要为与原始组构无关的连通孔洞,其孔隙系统由岩溶洞穴、溶蚀裂缝和溶蚀孔三大类型的储集空间复合而成。油田开发实践证实,油藏呈现出多压力系统、差异连通的特征。文中针对缝洞型碳酸盐岩连通缝洞孔隙系统的特征,分析了区别于分散型碳酸盐岩储集体的特征。基于油藏的孔洞系统复杂的特点,说明利用各类动态资料对油藏储层缝洞体研究十分重要。通过动态研究方法,推测喀斯特缝洞系统中的连通体--“缝洞单元”。笔者提出了利用动态信息分析油藏之间缝洞连通性的研究思路和方法:（1）同一缝洞单元内,单井地层压力趋势下降相似;（2）井间干扰系统测试是较直接的连通确定方法;（3）开发井生产异常,导致同一缝洞单元相邻井出现相应动态变化;（4）注水井的示踪剂注入,检测邻近井检测示踪剂的含量、受效时间等,判断井间的连通级别;（5）不通缝洞单元的流体组分、密度和粘度等存在差异。结合塔河油田实际资料,共划分了42个缝洞单元,认为缝洞储集体的分布与岩溶古地貌、古水系和断裂带有一定的吻合性。 相似文献
8.
长8油组是鄂尔多斯盆地姬嫄地区延长组主力油层,但是储层非均质性强,单井产量变化迅速,因此对该区4口钻井
岩样进行了相渗敏感性实验,研究了储层注水开发过程中,渗流曲线的特征以及影响因素。通过20片铸体薄片的显微镜下
观察和图像粒度与孔喉分析,以及岩样的高压压汞、粘土矿物敏感性分析、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、真实砂岩微观模型水
驱油实验,重点分析了储层微观孔隙结构、粘土矿物以及成岩作用对渗流曲线的影响。结果表明,研究区渗流曲线可以细
分为油相上凹型和直线型;上凹型曲线对应储层为分流河道微相,具有高骨架矿物含量、粗粒径,孔隙类型以原生粒间孔
和各种溶孔为主,孔径大,孔隙间连通性好,颗粒间以点、点-线接触为主,喉道为粗长型,储层面孔率、渗透率高,流
体连续性好。此外,发育裂缝的储层,适当的注入水流速可以提高驱油效率。对于高含量水敏、速敏性粘土矿物储层,应
该采取逐渐加压的方式提高注入水压力,以解决粘土矿物对孔隙的堵塞问题。该研究成果对于油田开发初期储层渗流特征
的认识,提高采收率具有重要的理论意义与参考价值。 相似文献
9.
Large scale geomechanical simulations are being increasingly used to model the compaction of stress dependent reservoirs, predict the long term integrity of under‐ground radioactive waste disposals, and analyse the viability of hot‐dry rock geothermal sites. These large scale simulations require the definition of homogenous mechanical properties for each geomechanical cell whereas the rock properties are expected to vary at a smaller scale. Therefore, this paper proposes a new methodology that makes possible to define the equivalent mechanical properties of the geomechanical cells using the fine scale information given in the geological model. This methodology is implemented on a synthetic reservoir case and two upscaling procedures providing the effective elastic properties of the Hooke's law are tested. The first upscaling procedure is an analytical method for perfectly stratified rock mass, whereas the second procedure computes lower and upper bounds of the equivalent properties with no assumption on the small scale heterogeneity distribution. Both procedures are applied to one geomechanical cell extracted from the reservoir structure. The results show that the analytical and numerical upscaling procedures provide accurate estimations of the effective parameters. Furthermore, a large scale simulation using the homogenized properties of each geomechanical cell calculated with the analytical method demonstrates that the overall behaviour of the reservoir structure is well reproduced for two different loading cases. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Connectivity is an important measure for assessing flow transport in rock, especially through fractures. In this paper, rock
fracture systems are modelled by a discrete fracture model simulated by a marked point process. A connectivity index is then
introduced to quantify the connectivity between any two points in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the connectivity
index for stationary cases and relationships between the connectivity index and the parameters of the discrete fracture model
are analysed. The average number of intersections per fracture, Xf, and the fracture intensity, P12 (P32), are calculated and the relationships between these parameters and the connectivity index are investigated, concluding that
Xf is the more suitable parameter for the classification of rock mass flow properties. The relationships between the connectivity
index and the percolation state of the fractured medium are also discussed. An edge correction is briefly discussed and a
practical example is used to demonstrate the method of computing the connectivity index. 相似文献
11.
针对低渗透油藏直井井网CO2驱油的不足,以大庆某低渗区块为例,建立反七点水平井井网CO2驱油地质模型。在物性参数相态拟合的基础上,对反七点水平井和五点直井两种不同井网模式的开发效果进行了对比,对反七点水平井井网参数进行了优化,同时对储层非均质(渗透率、储层非均质性、裂缝的发育情况等)进行了影响因素分析。研究表明：利用水平井注CO2可以适当地增大井距、排距,减少井的数量,降低钻井成本;在生产制度相同的情况下水平井井网的开发效果要比直井井网的开发效果好;在水平井井网中,采出程度随着油井到水平井的垂直距离的比值变化而变化,当比值为1.4时采出程度最大;水平井注CO2更适合低渗透正韵律储层;在储层裂缝发育的情况下,裂缝条数越多,CO2在储层中的不均匀推进现象越明显,最终采出程度越低。 相似文献
12.
本文通过对75口断层井勘探成效的分析研究,揭示了阳新统内逆断层有效裂缝分布于脆性岩层接触的断层面附近,储集流体性质随断点层位的新老变化而变化,即断点层位新以产气为主、层位老以产水为主的客观地质现象。这一规律的发现对提高勘探获气率和控制断层气井的无水采气期,具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
13.
A better understanding of how hydrocarbons and other fluids such as brine move in the reservoirs within the Kov Field will enable the improved application of secondary recovery methods such as water and gas injections and also highlight areas within the field that have remaining hydrocarbons. This work focuses on the two major sandstone reservoir intervals, the AG-I and the AG-II all within the Agbada Formation, since they showed prominent amplitude changes. In the AG-I Formation, the results obtained from the production data and rock physics modeling show an increase in the amplitude impedance (AI) contrast around injection wells and a decrease in AI contrast around production wells due to fluid replacement, and it also deals with the pressure changes in correlation to the water injection performed to maintain the reservoir pressure, while in the AG-II Formation, the effect of hydrocarbon production serves to visualize and map the oil-water contact (OWC) as it evolves with the production time; the OWC is not observable on later seismic vintages because the reservoir drops below the OWC. Conclusively, the effect of hydrocarbon production throughout the reservoir and across the entire Field would be beneficial in mapping fluid changes in the Kov Field, which can be utilized for enhanced oil recovery and improved reservoir management. 相似文献
14.
M. K. Elmouttie G. Krähenbühl G. V. Poropat I. Kelso 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):507-518
Discrete fracture network representations of discontinuities in rock masses have been shown to be useful in capturing heterogeneity in rock mass properties. Providing computational efficiency in the resulting simulations and analyses is attained, these fracture representations can be combined with structural modelling and sampling algorithms. Multiple fracture network realisations can be generated and the resulting rock mass properties interrogated. Statistical analyses based on fracture connectivity, block size distribution and slope stability can be performed and provide results defined in terms of confidence intervals. For sedimentary geology consisting of dense bedding, equivalent medium continuum methods have traditionally been used in preference to discrete fracture representations due to the large numbers of structures involved and resulting computational complexity. In this paper, it is shown that stochastic representation of these layers can be employed. An analytical solution to accommodate bedding given an assumed block size distribution has been derived. Using this formulation, polyhedral modelling has been used to investigate the influence of bedding on block formation and block size distributions using field data. It is shown that the analysis is both computationally efficient and can capture truncation of size distribution by such layers without numerical methods. 相似文献
15.
煤层气藏渗流机理不同于常规气藏,产气量受到煤层解吸压力及吸附特性的影响,计算单井控制储量难度较大;同时,部分煤层气井受到储层压裂或断层沟通边底水及夹层水的影响,排采初期产水量高,且产水期长,呈现明显的水侵特征。为了评价煤层气井的产能及水侵程度,通过大量文献调研发现,目前对高产水的生产井研究较少。在前人的研究基础上,引入视地质储量法和生产指示曲线法,建立适应外来水侵的煤层气井生产模型,考虑储层的非常规特性,利用少量的生产资料计算水侵量和单井控制储量,为煤层气开采提供重要气藏参数。研究结果表明:视地质储量法和生产指示曲线法所需资料简单,2种方法计算出来的控制储量基本吻合,水侵量能够真实反映生产井的水侵特征,对煤层气的开发具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
16.
塔西南前陆冲断带成藏的地质条件具有分段性,即不同构造段成藏条件明显不同。成藏最有利部位是甫沙—克里阳、苏盖特—齐姆根两个构造带,发育了断层传播褶皱及三角带构造,集中了中—下寒武统碳酸盐岩、下石炭统—下二叠统及侏罗系暗色泥岩三套优质烃源岩,拥有下白垩统砂岩储层与古近系膏盐盖层、古近系碳酸盐岩储层与其上覆泥岩盖层、中新统砂岩储层与其中泥岩盖层以及上古生界等一系列优质储盖组合;其次为和田逆冲推覆构造带,准原地系统(原地系统)构造圈闭良好,但烃源条件和储盖条件相对较差,下二叠统克孜里奇曼(P1k)碳酸盐岩烃源岩达到气源岩的标准,下二叠统碳酸盐岩及砂岩储层、下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层基本上都属低孔低渗型,下二叠统普司格组泥岩属优质区域性盖层;帕米尔前缘冲断带对成藏不太有利,虽有较好的生储盖组合,但发育大型推覆构造及强显露型冲断层,缺乏良好的构造圈闭。 相似文献
17.
针对长岭火山岩气藏地质条件的复杂性,为了合理部署设计水平并,实现储量高效动用提供依据,运用动静结合的方法,以火山喷发旋回为基础,以标志层为界限,以地震剖面上可连续追踪为手段,结合测井曲线不同组合特征及试采井气体组份变化,刻画出长岭火山岩发育上下两个期次的岩性系列、九个火山岩体。其中,上部四个酸性含气火山岩体互不连通独立成藏,是下一步开发评价的重点目标区。在经后期多口实钻井,证实了这种动静结合岩体刻画的方法较为可靠,这对其它同类火山岩气藏的开发具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
18.
长庆气田马五1储层裂缝特征及控制因素探讨 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
长庆气田主力气层为马五1,其储层中裂缝类型主要有垂直缝、斜交缝、水平缝及网状缝。虽然马五1储层中裂缝类型多,破裂期次多,但对储层渗流作用有较大影响的裂缝主要有两大类,即构造破裂裂缝和风化破裂裂缝。马五1储层的裂缝形成期主要有三期,第一期为加里东期,形成各类风化缝 ;第二期为燕山中期构造运动,是一次重要的构造破裂期 ;第三期为燕山晚-喜山早期构造运动。通过对裂缝形成的地质因素研究得出:风化缝主要与风化岩溶作用形成地貌条件有关,其次与岩层产状等因素有关 ;构造缝的形成与古应力场条件及岩石本身的力学属性有关 相似文献
19.
There is no gainsaying that determining the optimal number, type, and location of hydrocarbon reservoir wells is a very important aspect of field development planning. The reason behind this fact is not farfetched—the objective of any field development exercise is to maximize the total hydrocarbon recovery, which for all intents and purposes, can be measured by an economic criterion such as the net present value of the reservoir during its estimated operational life-cycle. Since the cost of drilling and completion of wells can be significantly high (millions of dollars), there is need for some form of operational and economic justification of potential well configuration, so that the ultimate purpose of maximizing production and asset value is not defeated in the long run. The problem, however, is that well optimization problems are by no means trivial. Inherent drawbacks include the associated computational cost of evaluating the objective function, the high dimensionality of the search space, and the effects of a continuous range of geological uncertainty. In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are applied to well placement problems. The results emanating from both algorithms are compared with results obtained by applying a third algorithm called hybrid particle swarm differential evolution (HPSDE)—a product of the hybridization of DE and PSO algorithms. Three cases involving the placement of vertical wells in 2-D and 3-D reservoir models are considered. In two of the three cases, a max-mean objective robust optimization was performed to address geological uncertainty arising from the mismatch between real physical reservoir and the reservoir model. We demonstrate that the performance of DE and PSO algorithms is dependent on the total number of function evaluations performed; importantly, we show that in all cases, HPSDE algorithm outperforms both DE and PSO algorithms. Based on the evidence of these findings, we hold the view that hybridized metaheuristic optimization algorithms (such as HPSDE) are applicable in this problem domain and could be potentially useful in other reservoir engineering problems. 相似文献
20.
综合利用岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜及测井等资料,对准噶尔盆地莫索湾—莫北地区侏罗系八道湾组致密油储层特征及其致密化成因进行研究。结果表明:八道湾组储层为低—特低孔、低—特低渗储层,属典型的深层致密砂岩储层;储层砂体主要为三角洲前缘水下分流河道细砂岩、中—细砂岩,成分成熟度低,具有岩屑和塑性岩屑含量高及胶结物含量低的"两高一低"特征;垂向上以4 100和4 500m为界,可划分为减小原生孔、稳定混合孔及增加次生孔3个孔隙演化带;孔隙主要为中—小孔,孔喉类型以分选较差的中-细孔—细喉型为主,连通性和渗流能力相对较差,结构相对较差。储层致密化主要受控于沉积环境相对稳定性、岩石主要成分、储层埋藏深度及胶结物赋存状态4个因素,构成了致密化的背景、内因和外因;相对稳定的沉积环境、低成分成熟度、高岩屑和塑性岩屑含量、储层埋深大、压溶作用大量减孔,以及不同类型胶结物以4种状态充填孔喉,形成了八道湾组致密储层。 相似文献