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1.
The paper reports data on the mineralogy, geochemistry, phase composition of comendites and pantellerites from Nemrut volcano, eastern Turkey; estimates of the crystallization conditions of minerals, composition of matrix glasses and melt inclusions in anorthoclase, fayalite, hedenbergite phenocrysts. LA-ICP-MS was applied to analyze the matrix glasses and phenocryst minerals. The distribution coefficients between phases and glass were calculated for P, B, Li, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Th, U, Y, REE. Mass balance simulations of the comenditic and pantelleritic compositions, experimental data, data on melt inclusions are utilized to analyze the processes responsible for the derivation of the magmas, accumulation of components in them and to elucidate genetic links between the trachyte-comenditic, comenditic and pantelleritic melts. The origin of the residual comenditic and pantelleritic melts is explained by variations in the crystallization conditions of anorthoclase (dominant phase), hedenbergite, fayalite, Fe and Ti oxides in the parental trachyte-comenditic magma depending on the pressure and concentration of water dissolved in the melts. The accessory phases (REEand Sr-bearing fluorapatite and zircon) were likely involved in the fractionation of the melts. The following crystallization parameters were obtained by QUILF calculations for the hedenbergite, fayalite, and ilmenite phenocrysts (minimum values for quartz-free melts): 3 kbar, 763°C, ΔFMQ = ?1.27 for the Fe-comendites; 3.3–3.8 kbar, 715°C, ΔFMQ = ?1.8 for the pantellerites; 2.3 kbar, 748°C, ΔFMQ = ?1.16 for the low-Fe comendites. The equilibrium crystallization of anorthoclase phenocrysts in the comenditic melts proceeded at temperature ～750°C. Data on glasses of melt inclusions indicate that the comenditic and pantelleritic melts contained 1–3 wt % H2O. Analysis of literature data and estimates of the conditions under which the Nemrut magmas were derived suggest that the local chambers with H2O-undersaturated comenditic and pantelleritic melts could occur at centers of alkaline volcanism at depths within the range of 5 to 10–15 km (lithostatic pressure of 1–4 kbar), at temperatures <750°C and oxygen fugacity below the FMQ buffer. 相似文献
2.
The data obtained on melt and fluid inclusions in minerals of granites, metasomatic rocks, and veins with tin ore mineralization
at the Industrial’noe deposit in the southern part of the Omsukchan trough, northeastern Russia, indicate that the melt from
which the quartz of the granites crystallized contained globules of salt melts. Silicate melt inclusions were used to determine
the principal parameters of the magmatic melts that formed the granites, which had temperatures at 760–1020°C, were under
pressures of 0.3–3.6 kbar, and had densities of 2.11–2.60 g/cm3 and water concentrations of 1.7–7.0 wt %. The results obtained on the fluid inclusions testify that the parameters of the
mineral-forming fluids broadly varied and corresponded to temperatures at 920–275°C, pressures 0.1–3.1 kbar, densities of
0.70–1.90 g/cm3, and salinities of 4.0–75.0 wt % equiv. NaCl. Electron microprobe analyses of the glasses of twelve homogenized inclusions
show concentrations of major components typical of an acid magmatic melt (wt %, average): 73.2% SiO2, 15.3% Al2O3, 1.3% FeO, 0.6% CaO, 3.1% Na2O, and 4.5% K2O at elevated concentrations of Cl (up to 0.51 wt %, average 0.31 wt %). The concentrations and distribution of some elements
(Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Br, Rb, Sr, and Sn) in polyphase salt globules in quartz from both the granites and a
mineralized miarolitic cavity in granite were assayed by micro-PIXE (proton-induced X-ray emission). Analyses of eight salt
globules in quartz from the granites point to high concentrations (average, wt %) of Cl (27.5), Fe (9.7), Cu (7.2), Mn (1.1),
Zn (0.66), Pb (0.37) and (average, ppm) As (2020), Rb (1850), Sr (1090), and Br (990). The salt globules in the miarolitic
quartz are rich in (average of 29 globules, wt %) Cl (25.0), Fe (5.4), Mn (1.0), Zn (0.50), Pb (0.24) and (ppm) Rb (810),
Sn (540), and Br (470). The synthesis of all data obtained on melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from the Industrial’noe
deposit suggest that the genesis of the tin ore mineralization was related to the crystallization of acid magmatic melts.
Original Russian Text@ V.B. Naumov, V.S. Kamenetsky, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 12, pp. 1279–1289. 相似文献
3.
Melt and fluid inclusions were investigated in six quartz phenocryst samples from the igneous rocks of the extrusive (ignimbrites
and rhyolites) and subvolcanic (granite porphyries) facies of the Lashkerek Depression in the Kurama mining district, Middle
Tien Shan. The method of inclusion homogenization was used, and glasses from more than 40 inclusions were analyzed on electron
and ion microprobes. The chemical characteristics of these inclusions are typical of silicic magmatic melts. The average composition
is the following (wt %): 72.4 SiO2, 0.06 TiO2, 13.3 Al2O3, 0.95 FeO, 0.03 MnO, 0.01 MgO, 0.46 CaO, 3.33 Na2O, 5.16K2O, 0.32 F, and 0.21 Cl. Potassium strongly prevails over sodium in all of the inclusions (K2O/Na2O averages 1.60). The average total of components in melt inclusions from five samples is 95.3 wt %, which indicates a possible
average water content in the melt of no less than 3–4 wt %. Water contents of 2.0 wt % and 6.6 wt % were determined in melt
inclusions from two samples using an ion microprobe. The analyses of ore elements in the melt inclusions revealed high contents
of Sn (up to 970 ppm), Th (19–62 ppm, 47 ppm on average), and U (9–26 ppm, 18 ppm on average), but very low Eu contents (0.01
ppm). Melt inclusions of two different compositions were detected in quartz from a granite porphyry sample: silicate and chloride,
the latter being more abundant. In addition to Na and K chlorides, the salt inclusions usually contain one or several anisotropic
crystals and an opaque phase. The homogenization temperatures of the salt inclusions are rather high, from 680 to 820°C. In
addition to silicate inclusions with homogenization temperatures of 820–850°C, a primary fluid inclusion of aqueous solution
with a concentration of 3.7 wt % NaCl eq. and a very high density of 0.93 g/cm3 was found in quartz from the ignimbrite. High fluid pressure values of 6.5–8.3 kbar were calculated for the temperature of
quartz formation. These estimates are comparable with values obtained by us previously for other regions of the world: 2.6–4.3
kbar for Italy, 3.7 kbar for Mongolia, 3.3–8.7 kbar for central Slovakia, and 3.3–9.6 kbar for eastern Slovakia. Unusual melt
inclusions were investigated in quartz from another ignimbrite sample. In addition to a gas phase and transparent glass, they
contain spherical Feoxide globules (81.2 wt % FeO) with high content of SiO2 (9.9 wt %). The globules were dissolved in the silicate melt within a narrow temperature range of 1050–1100°C, and the complete
homogenization of the inclusions was observed at temperatures of 1140°C or higher. The combined analysis of the results of
the investigation of these inclusions allowed us to conclude that immiscible liquids were formed in the high-temperature silicic
magma with the separation of iron oxide-dominated droplets. 相似文献
4.
The paper presents data on lechatelierite form suevites of the Daldyn Formation in the Popigai astrobleme. Some of the lechatelierite
samples show a complicated structure and contain block of diaplectic quartz glass and dynamic “intrusions” of glasses of types
I, II, and III. The glasses of types I and II abound in fluid inclusions and display evidence of partial homogenization with
lechatelierite. The glasses of type III are clearly separated from all other glasses but show evidence of dynamic interaction
with them in the molten state. Fluid inclusions in the glasses of types I and II are syngenetic but have notably different
densities from those of completely liquid or gaseous inclusions at 20°C. As is indicated by cryometric data, the liquid phase
of the inclusions is aqueous solution of low salinity (5–8 wt % NaClequiv). The bulk petrochemistry of the glasses of type I characterizes them as highly silicic (96.04 wt % SiO2 on average), with elevated K and Na concentrations (Na2O + K2O = 0.72 wt % on average), with 0.73 wt % Al2O3 (on average) and analytical totals 1.97 wt % less than 100%. The glasses of type II are also rich in SiO2 (91.51 wt % SiO2 on average) but contain a broader spectrum of concentrations of major oxides (totaling 5.53 wt % on average) and deficient
analytical totals (by 2.96 wt % on average). The glasses of type III are completely equal to impactites produced by melting
gneisses of the Popigai astrobleme. The glasses of type I are interpreted to be the intrusion products of the “early” highly
mobile and H2O-rich fluid+melt mixtures, whose protolithic material was K-Na feldspars of the target rocks. The derivation of these melts
was associated with the capturing of much silica and water at a highly mobile behavior of K and Na and an inert behavior of
Al. The glasses of type II were produced by the extensive mixing of silica and water at the limited involvement of apogneiss
melts, and these glasses are sometimes deficient in Al. The glasses of type III are usual mixed apogneiss melts. Excess silica
in the glasses of types I and II and their richness in water and deficiency in Al suggest impact anatexis and the selective
separation of components during their derivation; the parental fluid-melt mixtures of these glasses were derived from such
“hydrous” varieties of the target gneisses as diaphthorized and fractured rocks. The evolution and partial vitrification of
lechatelierite and the glasses of types I and II proceeded under residual shock pressures, as follows from data on the dense
(from ∼0.5 to 1 g/cm3) aqueous inclusions in these glasses, which suggest that the inclusions were captured in the glasses under pressures from
∼0.8 to 3.3 GPa. It follows that our lechatelierite samples have a complex multistage genesis, and their quenching facilitated
the preservation of “intrusions” of various stages of shock melting, including the products of the “early” impact anatexis
of the gneisses with the selective separation of components at the active participation of water. 相似文献
5.
I. A. Andreeva 《Petrology》2016,24(5):462-476
Melt inclusions were studied by various methods, including electron and ion microprobe analysis, to determine the compositions of melts and mechanisms of formation of rare-metal peralkaline granites of the Khaldzan Buregtey massif in Mongolia. Primary crystalline and coexisting melt inclusions were found in quartz from the rare-metal granites of intrusive phase V. Among the crystalline inclusions, we identified potassium feldspar, albite, tuhualite, titanite, fluorite, and diverse rare-metal phases, including minerals of zirconium (zircon and gittinsite), niobium (pyrochlore), and rare earth elements (parisite). The observed crystalline inclusions reproduce almost the whole suite of major and accessory minerals of the rare-metal granites, which supports the possibility of their crystallization from a magmatic melt. Melt inclusions in quartz from these rocks are completely crystallized. Their daughter mineral assemblage includes quartz, microcline, aegirine, arfvedsonite, polylithionite, a zirconosilicate, pyrochlore, and a rare-earth fluorocarbonate. The melt inclusions were homogenized in an internally heated gas vessel at a temperature of 850°C and a pressure of 3 kbar. After the experiments, many inclusions were homogeneous and consisted of silicate glass. In addition to silicate glass, some inclusions contained tiny quench zircon crystals confined to the boundary of inclusions, which indicates that the melts were saturated in zircon. In a few inclusions, glass coexisted with a CO2 phase. This allowed us to estimate the content of CO2 in the inclusion as 1.5 wt %. The composition of glasses from the homogeneous melt inclusions is similar to the composition of the rare-metal granites, in particular, with respect to SiO2 (68–74 wt %), TiO2 (0.5–0.9 wt %), FeO (2.2–4.6 wt %), MgO (0.02 wt %), and Na2O + K2O (up to 8.5 wt %). On the other hand, the glasses of melt inclusions appeared to be strongly depleted compared with the rocks in CaO (0.22 and 4 wt %, respectively) and Al2O3 (5.5–7.0 and 9.6 wt %, respectively). The agpaitic index is 1.1–1.7. The melts contain up to 3 wt % H2O and 2–4 wt % F. The trace element analysis of glasses from homogenized melt inclusions in quartz showed that the rare-metal granites were formed from extensively evolved rare-metal alkaline melts with high contents of Zr, Nb, Th, U, Ta, Hf, Rb, Pb, Y, and REE, which reflects the metallogenic signature of the Khaldzan Buregtey deposit. The development of unique rare metal Zr–Nb–REE mineralization in these rocks is related to the prolonged crystallization differentiation of melts and assimilation of enclosing carbonate rocks. 相似文献
6.
Melt inclusions were examined in phenocrysts in basalt, andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite from the Karymskii volcanic center in Kamchatka and dacite form Golovnina volcano in Kunashir Island, Kuriles. The inclusions were examined by homogenization and by analyzing glasses in more than 80 inclusions on an electron microscope and ion microprobe. The SiO2 concentrations in the melt inclusions in plagioclase phenocrysts from basalts from the Karymskii volcanic center vary from 47.4 to 57.1 wt %, these values for inclusions in plagioclase phenocrysts from andesites are 55.7–67.1 wt %, in plagioclase phenocrysts from the dacites and rhyodacites are 65.9–73.1 wt %, and those in quartz in the rhyodacites are 72.2–75.7 wt %. The SiO2 concentrations in melt inclusions in quartz from dacites from Golovnina volcano range from 70.2 to 77.0 wt %. The basaltic melts are characterized by usual concentrations of major components (wt %): TiO2 = 0.7–1.3, FeO = 6.8–11.4, MgO = 2.3–6.1, CaO = 6.7–10.8, and K2O = 0.4–1.7; but these rocks are notably enriched in Na2O (2.9–7.4 wt % at an average of 5.1 wt %, with the highest Na2O concentration detected in the most basic melts: SiO2 = 47.4–52.0 wt %. The concentrations of volatiles in the basic melts are 1.6 wt % for H2O, 0.14 wt % for S, 0.09 wt % for Cl, and 50 ppm for F. The andesite melts are characterized by high concentrations (wt %) of FeO (6.5 on average), CaO (5.2), and Cl (0.26) at usual concentrations of Na2O (4.5), K2O (2.1), and S (0.07). High water concentrations were determined in the dacite and rhyodacite melts: from 0.9 to 7.3 wt % (average of 15 analyses equals 4.5 wt %). The Cl concentration in these melts is 0.15 wt %, and those of F and S are 0.06 and 0.01 wt %, respectively. Melt inclusions in quartz from the dacites of Golovnina volcano are also rich in water: they contain from 5.0 to 6.7 wt % (average 5.6 wt %). The comparison of melt compositions from the Karymskii volcanic center and previously studied melts from Bezymyannyi and Shiveluch volcanoes revealed their significant differences. The former are more basic, are enriched in Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and P but significantly depleted in K. The melts of the Karymskii volcanic center are most probably less differentiated than the melts of Bezymyannyi and Shiveluch volcanoes. The concentrations of water and 20 trace elements were measured in the glasses of 22 melt inclusions in plagioclase and quartz from our samples. Unusually high values were obtained for Li concentrations (along with high Na concentrations) in the basaltic melts from the Karymskii volcanic center: from 118 to 1750 ppm, whereas the dacite and rhyolite melts contain 25 ppm Li on average. The rhyolite melts of Golovnina volcano are much poorer in Li: 1.4 ppm on average. The melts of the Karymskii volcanic center are characterized by relative minima at Nb and Ti and maxima at B and K, as is typical of arc magmas. 相似文献
7.
By the example of the Orlovka massif of Li-F granites in Eastern Transbaikalia, the major- and trace-element (Li, Be, B, Ta,
Nb, W, REE, Y, Zr, and Hf) compositions of the parental melt and the character of its variations during the formation of the
differentiated rock series were quantitatively estimated for the first time on the basis of electron and ion microprobe analysis
and Raman spectroscopy of rehomogenized glasses of melt inclusions in quartz. It was shown that the composition of the Orlovka
melt corresponded to a strongly evolved alumina-saturated granitoid magma (A/CNK = 1.12–1.55) rich in normative albite, poor
in normative quartz, and similar to ongonite melts. This magma was strongly enriched in water (up to 9.9 ± 1.1 wt %) and fluorine
(up to 2.8 wt %). Most importantly, this massif provided the first evidence for high B2O3 contents in melts (up to 2.09 wt %). The highest contents of trace elements were observed in the melt from pegmatoid bodies
in the amazonite granites of the border zone: up to 5077 ppm Li, 6397 ppm Rb, 313 ppm Cs, 62 ppm Ta, 116 ppm Nb, and 62 ppm
W. Compared with the daughter rock, the Orlovka melt was depleted at all stages of formation in SiO2 (by up to 6 wt %), Na2O (by up to 2.5 wt %), and, to a smaller extent, in Ti, Fe, Mg, Sr, and Ba, but was enriched in Mn, Rb, F, B, and H2O. 相似文献
8.
V. B. Naumov V. I. Kovalenko V. A. Dorofeeva A. V. Girnis V. V. Yarmolyuk 《Geochemistry International》2010,48(12):1185-1207
We compiled a database containing more than 480000 determinations for 73 elements in melt inclusions in minerals and quenched
glasses of volcanic rocks. These data were used to estimate the mean contents of major, volatile, and trace elements in igneous
melts from main geodynamic settings. The following settings were distinguished: (I) oceanic spreading zones (mid-ocean ridges);
(II) zones of mantle plume activity on oceanic plates (oceanic islands and plateaus); (III) and (IV) settings related to subduction
processes, including (III) zones of island-arc magmatism generated on the oceanic crust and (IV) magmatic zones of active
continental margins involving the continental crust into magma generation processes; (V) intracontinental rifts and continental
hot spots; and (VI) back-arc spreading centers. The histogram of SiO2 contents in the natural igneous melts of all geodynamic settings exhibits a bimodal distribution with two maxima at SiO2 contents of 50–52 wt % and 72–74 wt %. The range 62–64 wt % SiO2 comprises the minimum number of determinations. Primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams were constructed for average contents
of elements in the igneous melts of basic, intermediate, and acidic compositions from settings I–V. The diagrams reflect the
characteristic features of melt compositions for each geodynamic setting. On the basis of the analysis of data on the composition
of melt inclusions and glasses of rocks, average ratios of incompatible trace and volatile components (H2O/Ce, K2O/Cl, Nb/U, Ba/Rb, Ce/Pb, etc.) were estimated for the igneous melts of all of the settings. Variations of these ratios were
determined, and it was shown that, in most cases, the ratios of incompatible elements are significantly different between
settings. The difference is especially pronounced for the ratios of elements with different degrees of incompatibility (e.g.,
Nb/Yb) and for some ratios with volatile components (e.g., K2O/H2O). 相似文献
9.
The occurrence and distribution of Mo and molybdenite in unaltered peralkaline rhyolites from Pantelleria,Italy 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Jacob B. Lowenstern Gail A. Mahood Richard L. Hervig Joel Sparks 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,114(1):119-129
Small hexagonal and triangular platelets of molybdenite (MoS2), 5 to 25 m in diameter, were identified in phenocrysts and matrix glass of unaltered felsic volcanic rocks from Pantelleria, Italy. The MoS2 occurs commonly in pantellerites (peralkaline rhyolites), rarely in pantelleritic trachytes, and never in trachytes. The occurrence of euhedral MoS2 platelets in all phenocryst phases, in matrix glass, and even in some melt inclusions indicates that MoS2 precipitated directly from the peralkaline melt. Despite MoS2 saturation, the melt (glass) contains greater than 95% of the Mo in Pantellerian rocks: X-ray fluorescence analyses of 20 whole rocks and separated glasses show that whole rocks consistently contain less Mo than corresponding matrix glasses, the differences being in proportion to phenocryst abundances. The Mo contents increase with differentiation from trachytes (2–12 ppm) to pantellerites (15–25 ppm) and correlate positively with incompatible elements such as Th, Y, and Nb. The Mo concentrations, as determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry, are essentially the same in matrix glasses and melt inclusions, showing that Mo did not partition strongly into a volatile fluid phase during outgassing. The high Mo contents of the pantellerites (relative to metaluminous magmas with 1–5 ppm) may be due to several factors: (1) the enhanced stability of highly charged cations (such as Mo6+, U4+, and Zr4+) in peralkaline melts; (2) the rarity of Fe-Ti oxides and litanite into which Mo might normally partition; (3) reduced volatility of Mo in low fO2, H2O-poor (1–2 wt%) peralkaline magmas. Geochemical modeling indicates that the precipitation of MoS2 can be explained simply by the drop in temperature during magmatic differentiation. The occurrence of MoS2 in pantellerites may result from their high Mo concentrations and low redox state (Ni/NiO=-2.5) relative to metaluminous magmas, causing them to reach MoS2 saturation at magmatic temperatures. The apparent absence of MoS2 microphenocrysts in more oxidized, metaluminous rhyolites may indicate that Mo is dissolved primarily as a hexavalent ion in those magmas. 相似文献
10.
Phase relations were investigated in the model water-saturated system Si-Al-Na-Li-F-O at high fluorine contents, a temperature
of 800°C, and a pressure of 1 kbar. The obtained aluminosilicate melts are widely variable from quartz- to nepheline-normative
compositions with agpaitic indexes both higher and lower than one. Various fluoride, aluminofluoride, and oxide phases were
observed in the equilibrium assemblage depending on the melt composition: quartz and cryolite associate with the silica richest
aluminosilicate melts, topaz and corundum coexist with peraluminous melts, and villiaumite was observed in highly peralkaline
melts. Extensive immiscibility between aluminosilicate and aluminofluoride melts was observed in the system. Aluminofluoride
melt coexists with quartz- and nepheline-normative aluminosilicate melts with agpaitic indexes (K
a) of 0.7–1.4. The composition of aluminosilicate melt in equilibrium with aluminofluoride melt ranges from 33 to 70 wt % SiO2, from 12 to 24 wt % Al2O3, and from 5 to 16 wt % alkalis. The aluminofluoride melt is variable in composition, its Al/Na ratio ranges from 20/80 to
40/60 depending on the composition of the equilibrium aluminosilicate melt. The experimental aluminosilicate melts equilibrated
with cryolite, topaz, and aluminofluoride melt coincide in major component proportions with the bulk compositions of cryolite-
and topaz-bearing granites and melt inclusions in minerals. 相似文献
11.
The study of melt inclusions in Cr-spinels from melanocratic troctolites provided the first direct information on the physicochemical
parameters of enriched magmatic systems that produced high-Fe and high-Ti intrusive complexes in the Sierra-Leone region (Central
Atlantic, 6°N). These complexes are made up of predominating hornblende Fe-Ti oxide gabbronorites and gabbrodiorites with
subordinate amount of ultramafics, diorites, quartz diorites, and trondhjemites. The study of melt inclusions and rocks showed
that the majority of gabbroids of the Central Atlantic (Sierra Leone area and 15°20′ Fracture Zone) were derived from N-MORB-type
melts, whereas differentiated Fe-Ti-oxide rocks were crystallized from other melts, which were preserved as inclusions in
the Cr-spinels from the melanocratic troctolites of the Sierra Leone region. The ion-microprobe study of these inclusions
yield direct evidence on the elevated water content (up to 1.24–1.77 wt %) in the parental melts of Fe-Ti oxide rocks. Data
on trace and rare-earth element distribution together with high (La/Sm)N and (Ce/Yb)N ratios in the inclusions indicate the possible influence of deep plume source on the generation of these magmas. Simulation
based on melt inclusion data testifies that high-Fe intrusions of the Sierra Leone area were crystallized from the water-saturated
magmas at relatively low temperatures (1020–1240°C). It was shown that the geochemically enriched Fe-Ti melts were presumably
formed regardless of N-MORB-type magmatism predominant in Central Atlantic, under the influence of new mantle plume that caused
melting of hydrated oceanic lithosphere. 相似文献
12.
This work considers the studies of melt and fluid inclusions in spinel of ultramafic rocks in the mantle wedge beneath Avacha
volcano (Kamchatka). The generations of spinel were identified: 1 is spinel (Sp-I) of the “primary” peridotites, has the highest magnesium number (#0.69–0.71), highest contents of Al2O3 and lowest contents of Cr2O3 (26.2–27.1 and 37.5–38.5 wt %, respectively), and the absence in it of any fluid and melt inclusions; 2 is spinel (Sp-II) of the recrystallized peridotites, has lower magnesium number (Mg# 0.64–0.61) and the content of Al2O3 (18–19 wt %), a higher content of Cr2O3 (45.4–47.2 wt %) and the presence of primary fluid inclusions; 3 is spinel (Sp-III) that is characterized by the highest content of Cr2O3 (50.2–55.4 wt %), the lowest content of Al2O3 (13.6–16.6 wt %), and the presence of various types of primary melt inclusions. The data obtained indicate that metasomatic
processing of “primary” peridotites occurred under the influence of high concentrated fluids of mainly carbonate-water-chloride
composition with influx of the following petrogenic elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, S, F, etc. This process was often accompanied
by a local melting of the metasomatized substrate at a temperature above 1050°C with the formation of melts close to andesitic. 相似文献
13.
M. L. Tolstykh V. B. Naumov M. G. Gavrilenko A. Yu. Ozerov N. N. Kononkova 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(6):522-550
Melt inclusions in olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts from rocks (magnesian basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, ignimbrite,
and dacite) of various age from the Gorely volcanic center, southern Kamchatka, were studying by means of their homogenization
and by analyzing the glasses in 100 melt inclusions on an electron microprobe and 24 inclusions on an ion probe. The SiO2 concentrations of the melts vary within a broad range of 45–74 wt %, as also are the concentrations of other major components.
According to their SiO2, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5 concentrations, the melts are classified into seven groups. The mafic melts (45–53 wt % SiO2) comprise the following varieties: potassic (on average 4.2 wt % K2O, 1.7 wt % Na2O, 1.0 wt % TiO2, and 0.20 wt % P2O5), sodic (3.2% Na2O, 1.1% K2O, 1.1% TiO2, and 0.40% P2O5), and titaniferous with high P2O5 concentrations (2.2% TiO2, 1.1% P2O5, 3.8% Na2O, and 3.0% K2O). The melts of intermediate composition (53–64% SiO2) also include potassic (5.6% K2O, 3.4% Na2O, 1.0% TiO2, and 0.4% P2O5) and sodic (4.3% Na2O, 2.8% K2O, 1.3% TiO2, and 0.4% P2O5) varieties. The acid melts (64–74% SiO2) are either potassic (4.5% K2O, 3.6% Na2O, 0.7% TiO2, and 0.15% P2O5) or sodic (4.5% Na2O, 3.1% K2O, 0.7% TiO2, and 0.13% P2O5). A distinctive feature of the Gorely volcanic center is the pervasive occurrence of K-rich compositions throughout the whole
compositional range (silicity) of the melts. Melt inclusions of various types were sometimes found not only in a single sample
but also in the same phenocrysts. The sodic and potassic types of the melts contain different Cl and F concentrations: the
sodic melts are richer in Cl, whereas the potassic melts are enriched in F. We are the first to discover potassic melts with
very high F concentrations (up to 2.7 wt %, 1.19 wt % on average, 17 analyses) in the Kuriles and Kamchatka. The average F
concentration in the sodic melts is 0.16 wt % (37 analyses). The melts are distinguished for their richness in various groups
of trace elements: LILE, REE (particularly HREE), and HFSE (except Nb). All of the melts share certain geochemical features.
The concentrations of elements systematically increase from the mafic to acid melts (except only for the Sr and Eu concentrations,
because of active plagioclase fractionation, and Ti, an element contained in ore minerals). The paper presents a review of
literature data on volcanic rocks in the Kurile-Kamchatka area in which melt inclusions with high K2O concentrations (K2O/Na2O > 1) were found. K-rich melts are proved to be extremely widespread in the area and were found on such volcanoes as Avachinskii,
Bezymyannyi, Bol’shoi Semyachek, Dikii Greben’, Karymskii, Kekuknaiskii, Kudryavyi, and Shiveluch and in the Valaginskii and
Tumrok Ranges. 相似文献
14.
The paper presents data on naturally quenched melt inclusions in olivine (Fo 69–84) from Late Pleistocene pyroclastic rocks
of Zhupanovsky volcano in the frontal zone of the Eastern Volcanic Belt of Kamchatka. The composition of the melt inclusions
provides insight into the latest crystallization stages (∼70% crystallization) of the parental melt (∼46.4 wt % SiO2, ∼2.5 wt % H2O, ∼0.3 wt % S), which proceeded at decompression and started at a depth of approximately 10 km from the surface. The crystallization
temperature was estimated at 1100 ± 20°C at an oxygen fugacity of ΔFMQ = 0.9–1.7. The melts evolved due to the simultaneous
crystallization of olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene, chromite, and magnetite (Ol: Pl: Cpx: (Crt-Mt) ∼ 13: 54: 24: 4) along the tholeiite evolutionary trend and became progressively enriched in FeO, SiO2, Na2O, and K2O and depleted in MgO, CaO, and Al2O3. Melt crystallization was associated with the segregation of fluid rich in S-bearing compounds and, to a lesser extent, in
H2O and Cl. The primary melt of Zhupanovsky volcano (whose composition was estimated from data on the most primitive melt inclusions)
had a composition of low-Si (∼45 wt % SiO2) picrobasalt (∼14 wt % MgO), as is typical of parental melts in Kamchatka and other island arcs, and was different from MORB.
This primary melt could be derived by ∼8% melting of mantle peridotite of composition close to the MORB source, under pressures
of 1.5 ± 0.2 GPa and temperatures 20–30°C lower than the solidus temperature of “dry” peridotite (1230–1240°C). Melting was
induced by the interaction of the hot peridotite with a hydrous component that was brought to the mantle from the subducted
slab and was also responsible for the enrichment of the Zhupanovsky magmas in LREE, LILE, B, Cl, Th, U, and Pb. The hydrous
component in the magma source of Zhupanovsky volcano was produced by the partial slab melting under water-saturated conditions
at temperatures of 760–810°C and pressures of ∼3.5 GPa. As the depth of the subducted slab beneath Kamchatkan volcanoes varies
from 100 to 125 km, the composition of the hydrous component drastically changes from relatively low-temperature H2O-rich fluid to higher temperature H2O-bearing melt. The geothermal gradient at the surface of the slab within the depth range of 100–125 km beneath Kamchatka
was estimated at 4°C/km. 相似文献
15.
The study of clinopyroxenes and melt inclusions provided direct (independent on secondary alteration) information on the petrogenesis
of the island arc complexes of the Chara zone, East Kazakhstan. It was shown that magmatism of this zone evolved from primitive
island-arc systems with boninites to mature island arc with calc-alkaline melts. In terms of trace and rare-earth element
distribution, the melt inclusions in the clinopyroxenes of the Chara zone differ from mid-ocean ridge basalts, being closer
to the island-arc calcalkaline series. Based on inclusion composition, the parental melts of the considered complexes crystallized
within 1150–1190°C with decreasing iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium contents. Simulation based on melt inclusion data
in clinopyroxenes indicates that the melts contained up to 1 wt % water, which was confirmed by direct ion-microprobe determination
of 0.84 wt % H2O in the inclusions. Calculated liquidus temperatures are consistent with homogenization temperatures of the inclusions. Our
calculations on the basis of inclusion data testify that the primary melts of the studied basaltic series of the Chara zone
were generated from the mantle protolith within temperatures of 1350–1530°C at depths of 50–95 km. Similar parameters are
typical of the generation of the tholeiitic and boninitic island-arc magmas in the modern ocean-continent transition zones
of the Pacific type. In general, the study of clinopyroxenes and melt inclusions suggests that the considered complexes of
the Chara zone were formed with the participation of tholeiitic and calcalkaline volcanogenic systems of basaltic, basaltic
andesite, and, possibly, boninitic composition in the paleogeodynamic setting of evolving ancient island arc. 相似文献
16.
Minerals of olivine–melilite and olivine–monticellite rocks from the Krestovskiy massif contain primary silicate-salt, carbonate-salt,
and salt melt inclusions. Silicate-salt inclusions are present in perovskite I and melilite. Thermometric experiments conducted
on these inclusions at 1,230–1,250°C showed silicate–carbonate liquid immiscibility. Globules of composite carbonate-salt
melt rich in alkalies, P, S, and Cl separated in silicate melt. Carbonate salt globules in some inclusions from perovskite
II at 1,190–1,200°C separated into immiscible liquid phases of simpler composition. Carbonate-salt and salt inclusions occur
in monticellite, melilite, and garnet and homogenize at close temperatures (980–780°C). They contain alkalies, Ca, P, SO3, Cl, and CO2. According to the ratio of these components and predominance of one of them, melt inclusions are divided into 6 types: I—hyperalkaline
(CaO/(Na2O+K2O)≤1) carbonate melts; II—moderately alkaline (CaO/(Na2O+K2O)>1) carbonate melts; III—sulfate-alkaline melts; IV—phosphate-alkaline melts; V—alkali-chloridic melts, and VI—calc-carbonate
melts. Joint occurrence of all the above types and their syngenetic character were established. Some inclusions demonstrated
carbonate-salt immiscibility phenomena at 840–800°C. A conclusion in made that the origin of carbonate melts during the formation
of intrusion rocks is related to silicate–carbonate immiscibility in parental alkali-ultrabasic magma. The separated carbonate
melt had a complex alkaline composition. Under unstable conditions the melt began to decompose into simpler immiscible fractions.
Different types of carbonate-salt and salt inclusions seem to reflect the composition of these spatially isolated immiscible
fractions. Liquid carbonate-salt immiscibility took place in a wide temperature range from 1,200–1,190°C to 800°C. The occurrence
of this kind of processes under macroconditions might, most likely, cause the appearance of different types of immiscible
carbonate-salt melts and lead to the formation of different types of carbonatites: alkali-phosphatic, alkali-sulfatic, alkali-chloridic,
and, most widespread, calcitic ones. 相似文献
17.
V. B. Naumov V. A. Kovalenker V. Yu. Prokofiev M. L. Tolstykh G. Damian F. Damian 《Geochemistry International》2013,51(11):876-888
Crystalline and melt inclusions were studied in large (up to 2 cm across) dipyramidal quartz phenocrysts from Miocene dacites in the area of the Rosia Montana Au-Ag deposit in Romania. Data were obtained on the homogenization of fluid inclusions and the composition of crystalline inclusions and glasses in more than 40 melt inclusions, which were analyzed on a electron microprobe. The minerals identified in the crystalline inclusions are plagioclase (An 51–62), orthoclase, micas (biotite and phengite), zircon, magnetite (TiO2 = 2.8 wt %), and Fe sulfide. Two types of the melts were distinguished when studying the glasses of the melt inclusions. Type 1 of the melts is unusual in composition. The average composition of 20 inclusions is as follows (wt %): 76.1 SiO2, 0.39 TiO2, 6.23 Al2O3, 4.61 FeO, 0.09 MnO, 1.64 MgO, 3.04 CaO, 2.79 Na2O, 3.79 K2O (Na2O/K2O = 0.74), 0.07 P2O5, 0.02 Cl. The composition of type 2 of the melts is typical of acid magmas. The average of 23 inclusion analyses is (wt %) 79.3 SiO2, 0.16 TiO2, 10.27 Al2O3, 0.63 FeO, 0.08 MnO, 0.29 MgO, 1.83 CaO, 3.56 Na2O, 2.79 K2O (Na2O/K2O = 1.28), 0.08 P2O5, 0.05 Cl. The compositions of these melts significantly differ in concentrations of Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K. The high analytical totals of the analyses (close to 100 wt %, more specifically 98.9 and 99.0 wt %, respectively) testify that the melts were generally poor in water. Two inclusions of type 1 and two inclusions of type 2 were analyzed on an ion probe, and their analyses show remarkable differences in the concentrations of certain trace elements. These concentrations (in ppm) are for the melts of types 1 and 2, respectively, as follows: 10.0 and 0.69 for Be, 29.3 and 5.7 for B, 6.4 and 1.4 for Cr, 146 and 6.9 for V, 74 and 18 for Cu, 92 and 29 for Rb, 45 and 15 for Zr, 1.7 and 0.6 for Hf, 10.3 and 2.3 for Pb, and 52 and 1.3 for U. The Th/U ratio of these two melt types are also notably different: 0.04 and 0.19 for type 1 and 2.0 and 2.9 for type 2. These data led us to conclude that the magmatic melts were derived from two different sources. Our data on the melts of type 1 testify that the magmatic chamber was contaminated with compositionally unusual crustal rocks (perhaps, sedimentary, metamorphic, or hydrothermal rocks enriched in Si, Fe, Mg, U, and some other components). This can explain the ore-forming specifics of magmatic chambers in the area. 相似文献
18.
The study of re-homogenized melt inclusions in the same growth planes of quartz of pegmatites genetically linked to the Variscan
granite of the Ehrenfriedersdorf complex, Erzgebirge, Germany, by ion microprobe analyses has determined high concentrations
of Be, up to 10,000 ppm, in one type of melt inclusion, as well as moderate concentrations in the 100 ppm range in a second
type of melt inclusion. Generally, the high Be concentrations are associated with the H2O- and other volatile-rich type-B melt inclusions, and the lower Be concentration levels are connected to H2O-poor type-A melt inclusions. Both inclusion types, representing conjugate melt pairs, are formed by a liquid–liquid immiscibility
separation process. This extremely strong and very systematic scattering in Be provides insights into the origin of Be concentration
and transport mechanisms in pegmatite-forming melts. In this contribution, we present more than 250 new analytical data and
show with ion microprobe and fs-LA-ICPMS studies on quenched glasses, as well as with confocal Raman spectroscopy of daughter
minerals in unheated melt inclusions, that the concentrations of Be may achieve such extreme levels during melt–melt immiscibility
of H2O-, B-, F-, P-, ± Li-enriched pegmatite-forming magmas. Starting from host granite with about 10 ppm Be, melt inclusions with
10,000 ppm Be correspond to enrichment by a factor of over 1,000. This strong enrichment of Be is the result of processes
of fractional crystallization and further enrichment in melt patches of pegmatite bodies due to melt–melt immiscibility at
fluid saturation. We also draw additional conclusions regarding the speciation of Be in pegmatite-forming melt systems from
investigation of the Be-bearing daughter mineral phases in the most H2O-rich melt inclusions. In the case of evolved volatile and H2O-rich pegmatite systems, B, P, and carbonates are important for the enrichment and formation of stable Be complexes. 相似文献
19.
Nehring Franziska; Foley Stephen F.; Holtta Pentti; Van Den Kerkhof Alfons M. 《Journal of Petrology》2009,50(1):3-35
Fault bound blocks of granulite and enderbite occur within upperamphibolite-facies migmatitic tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic(TTG) gneisses of the Iisalmi block of Central Finland. Theseunits record reworking and partial melting of different levelsof the Archean crust during a major tectonothermal event at2·6–2·7 Ga. Anhydrous mineral assemblagesand tonalitic melts in the granulites formed as a result ofhydrous phase breakdown melting reactions involving amphiboleat peak metamorphic conditions of 8–11 kbar and 750–900°C.A nominally fluid-absent melting regime in the granulites issupported by the presence of carbonic fluid inclusions. Thegeochemical signature of light rare earth element (LREE)-depletedmafic granulites can be modelled by 10–30 wt % partialmelting of an amphibolite source rock leaving a garnet-bearingresidue. The degree of melting in intermediate granulites isinferred to be less than 10 wt % and was restricted by the availabilityof quartz. Pressure–temperature estimates for the TTGgneisses are significantly lower than for the granulites at660–770°C and 5–6 kbar. Based on the P–Tconditions, melting of the TTG gneisses is inferred to haveoccurred at the wet solidus in the presence of an H2O-rich fluid.A hydrous mineralogy, abundant aqueous fluid inclusions andthe absence of carbonic inclusions in the gneisses are in accordancewith a water-fluxed melting regime. Low REE contents and strongpositive Eu anomalies in most leucosomes irrespective of thehost rock composition suggest that the leucosomes are not meltcompositions, but represent plagioclase–quartz assemblagesthat crystallized early from felsic melts. Furthermore, similarplagioclase compositions in leucosomes and adjacent mesosomesare not a ‘migmatite paradox’, as both record equilibrationwith the same melt phase percolating along grain boundaries. KEY WORDS: Archean continental crust; fluid inclusion; granulite; migmatite; partial melting 相似文献
20.
D. M. Ruscitto P. J. Wallace A. J. R. Kent 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(1):109-132
Primitive chemical characteristics of high-Mg andesites (HMA) suggest equilibration with mantle wedge peridotite, and they
may form through either shallow, wet partial melting of the mantle or re-equilibration of slab melts migrating through the
wedge. We have re-examined a well-studied example of HMA from near Mt. Shasta, CA, because petrographic evidence for magma
mixing has stimulated a recent debate over whether HMA magmas have a mantle origin. We examined naturally quenched, glassy,
olivine-hosted (Fo87–94) melt inclusions from this locality and analyzed the samples by FTIR, LA-ICPMS, and electron probe. Compositions (uncorrected
for post-entrapment modification) are highly variable and can be divided into high-CaO (>10 wt%) melts only found in Fo > 91
olivines and low-CaO (<10 wt%) melts in Fo 87–94 olivine hosts. There is evidence for extensive post-entrapment modification
in many inclusions. High-CaO inclusions experienced 1.4–3.5 wt% FeOT loss through diffusive re-equilibration with the host olivine and 13–28 wt% post-entrapment olivine crystallization. Low-CaO
inclusions experienced 1–16 wt% olivine crystallization with <2 wt% FeOT loss experienced by inclusions in Fo > 90 olivines. Restored low-CaO melt inclusions are HMAs (57–61 wt% SiO2; 4.9–10.9 wt% MgO), whereas high-CaO inclusions are primitive basaltic andesites (PBA) (51–56 wt% SiO2; 9.8–15.1 wt% MgO). HMA and PBA inclusions have distinct trace element characteristics. Importantly, both types of inclusions
are volatile-rich, with maximum values in HMA and PBA melt inclusions of 3.5 and 5.6 wt% H2O, 830 and 2,900 ppm S, 1,590 and 2,580 ppm Cl, and 500 and 820 ppm CO2, respectively. PBA melts are comparable to experimental hydrous melts in equilibrium with harzburgite. Two-component mixing
between PBA and dacitic magma (59:41) is able to produce a primitive HMA composition, but the predicted mixture shows some
small but significant major and trace element discrepancies from published whole-rock analyses from the Shasta locality. An
alternative model that involves incorporation of xenocrysts (high-Mg olivine from PBA and pyroxenes from dacite) into a primary
(mantle-derived) HMA magma can explain the phenocryst and melt inclusion compositions but is difficult to evaluate quantitatively
because of the complex crystal populations. Our results suggest that a spectrum of mantle-derived melts, including both PBA
and HMA, may be produced beneath the Shasta region. Compositional similarities between Shasta parental melts and boninites
imply similar magma generation processes related to the presence of refractory harzburgite in the shallow mantle. 相似文献