共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
1.
The Random Decrement Technique (RDT), based on decentralized computing approaches implemented in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), has shown advantages for modal parameter and data aggregation identification. However, previous studies of RDT-based approaches from ambient vibration data are based on the assumption of a broad-band stochastic process input excitation. The process normally is modeled by filtered white or white noise. In addition, the choice of the triggering condition in RDT is closely related to data communication. In this project, research has been conducted to study the nonstationary white noise excitations as the input to verify the random decrement technique. A local extremum triggering condition is chosen and implemented for the purpose of minimum data communication in a RDT-based distributed computing strategy. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed technique is capable of minimizing the amount of data transmitted over the network with accuracy in modal parameters identification. 相似文献
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An urban water supply network(WSN)is a crucial lifeline system that helps to maintain the normal functioning of modern society.However,the hydraulic analysis of a significantly damaged WSN that suffers from pipe breaks or leaks remains challenging.In this paper,a probability-based framework is proposed to assess the functionality of WSNs in the aftermath of powerful earthquakes.The serviceability of the WSN is quantified by using a comprehensive index that considers nodal water flow and nodal pressure.This index includes a coefficient that reflects the relative importance of these two parameters.The demand reduction(DR)method,which reduces the water flow of nodes while preventing the negative pressure of nodes,is proposed.The difference between the negative pressure elimination(NPE)method and the DR method is discussed by using the example of a WSN in a medium-sized city in China.The functionality values of the WSN are 0.76 and 0.99 when nodal pressure and nodal demands are used respectively as the index of system serviceability at an intensity level that would pertain to an earthquake considered to occur at a maximum level.When the intensity of ground motion is as high as 0.4 g,the DR method requires fewer samples than the NPE method to obtain accurate results.The NPE method eliminates most of the pipes,which may be unrealistic. 相似文献
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在出现区域大震后,为了迅速展开有效的应急救援行动,需要及时准确了解烈度分布.目前震动图的获得有震后人工调查、震源参数计算、地震监测台网、地震烈度速报台网等几种方式,其中最有效的是在重点监护区建立烈度速报台网.但烈度速报台网建设往往沿用地震监测台网的模式,建设成本高、台站密度有限、实时数据传输量大.本文研制的地震动参数速报仪采用MEMS加速度计为测震传感器和ARM+Linux嵌入式计算机技术,具有体积小、成本小、功耗低、一体化、智能化的特点;其内置地震信息实时处理算法,能够自动判别地震事件并计算地震动参数;在实际应用中安装简便.通过大量密集布设这种小型仪器而组建的地震动参数速报网络,具有数据传输量小、分布式计算、组成的速报网络可靠性高、能够快速产出高分辨率的精细震动图等特点. 相似文献
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为发现、治理、监控煤田火烧区,将互联网的创新成果深度融合于传统地勘技术领域之中,开发了具有探测火烧区范围和中心温度、连续采集、高温传感、远程遥控等主要功能的永久性的无线传感器网络远程监测系统.研发出新型传感器节点,能够与单极-偶极装置互联储存并发送探测数据,同时将高温探头直接放置于地下火烧区巷道进行监测;通过带保护电路的太阳能供电装置,为现场数据采集网络提供了持续充足的能源;由移动通信网和互联网将信号传送到监测中心,实现远程控制监测;在新疆地区的12个火烧区同时部署了所研发的监测系统,至今已工作45个月,表明采取的技术措施可以保障监测系统的免维护长期稳定运行.乌鲁木齐监测中心收到110多万条现场信息,授权后可任意查询、永久保存,为新疆大面积煤田自燃火区的治理和保卫治理成果,提供基础数据.研究结果表明,充分发挥互联网在地球物理探测监测中的优化和集成作用,对提升煤田地质基勘查的创新和生产能力,具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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R. Gong C. Lu W.‐M. Wu H. Cheng B. Gu D. Watson P.M. Jardine S.C. Brooks C.S. Criddle P.K. Kitanidis J. Luo 《Ground water》2011,49(2):209-218
A generalized, efficient, and practical approach based on the travel‐time modeling framework is developed to estimate in situ reaction rate coefficients for groundwater remediation in heterogeneous aquifers. The required information for this approach can be obtained by conducting tracer tests with injection of a mixture of conservative and reactive tracers and measurements of both breakthrough curves (BTCs). The conservative BTC is used to infer the travel‐time distribution from the injection point to the observation point. For advection‐dominant reactive transport with well‐mixed reactive species and a constant travel‐time distribution, the reactive BTC is obtained by integrating the solutions to advective‐reactive transport over the entire travel‐time distribution, and then is used in optimization to determine the in situ reaction rate coefficients. By directly working on the conservative and reactive BTCs, this approach avoids costly aquifer characterization and improves the estimation for transport in heterogeneous aquifers which may not be sufficiently described by traditional mechanistic transport models with constant transport parameters. Simplified schemes are proposed for reactive transport with zero‐, first‐, nth‐order, and Michaelis‐Menten reactions. The proposed approach is validated by a reactive transport case in a two‐dimensional synthetic heterogeneous aquifer and a field‐scale bioremediation experiment conducted at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The field application indicates that ethanol degradation for U(VI)‐bioremediation is better approximated by zero‐order reaction kinetics than first‐order reaction kinetics. 相似文献
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基于无线Mesh网络技术的应急通信技术应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
强烈地震发生后,灾区现场通信网络设施往往遭到破坏,因此快速建立有效且覆盖面大的应急通信网络,及时传递灾情信息,对现场组织救灾及指挥调度等救援工作具有重大意义。无线网络具有组网简单快速、成本低等技术特点,适合作为现场应急通信的网络平台。本文提出了一种基于无线Mesh网络技术的地震现场应急通信方法,在灾区现场迅速组建无线局域网,从而实现信息传递和共享,整个系统组网快捷、健壮性好,并且通过卫星通信技术可以将各局域网组成灾区广域网并进一步接入互联网,该方法能满足地震现场应急通信信息传输的基本要求。 相似文献
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《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1988,8(2):137-144
In situ mining of uranium was conducted in two well fields at a research and development site in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming from March 1980 to July 1981. Subsequent aquifer restoration activities continued until December 1982. During the restoration phases of operation, complex pumping-injection schemes, necessitated by the absence of adequate disposal facilities, were employed by the mining company in an attempt to satisfy the conditions imposed by the mine permit.
An analytical "Random Walk" solute transport model was used to simulate mass transport mechanisms associated with the pumping-injection schemes used in the A-1 well field. Because the hydrogeology at the site is relatively simple; a more sophisticated model requiring extensive calibration was not required. The model was not used as a "predictive" tool, but as an analytical supplement to existing water quality and hydrogeologic data. As such, it provided a very useful and inexpensive means by which to evaluate the adequacy of the restoration techniques employed at the site and the effectiveness of the water quality monitoring program.
Model simulations suggest that the restoration methods used by the mining company were not adequate to remove residual lixiviant and actually tended to displace contaminants to a circular region between the well field and peripheral monitoring wells. An analysis of the water quality and operational history at the site suggests that the model results may be accurate. If this is true, the postrestoration water quality data collected at the site may not be an accurate measure of the effectiveness of aquifer restoration. 相似文献
An analytical "Random Walk" solute transport model was used to simulate mass transport mechanisms associated with the pumping-injection schemes used in the A-1 well field. Because the hydrogeology at the site is relatively simple; a more sophisticated model requiring extensive calibration was not required. The model was not used as a "predictive" tool, but as an analytical supplement to existing water quality and hydrogeologic data. As such, it provided a very useful and inexpensive means by which to evaluate the adequacy of the restoration techniques employed at the site and the effectiveness of the water quality monitoring program.
Model simulations suggest that the restoration methods used by the mining company were not adequate to remove residual lixiviant and actually tended to displace contaminants to a circular region between the well field and peripheral monitoring wells. An analysis of the water quality and operational history at the site suggests that the model results may be accurate. If this is true, the postrestoration water quality data collected at the site may not be an accurate measure of the effectiveness of aquifer restoration. 相似文献
10.
Accurate sonar performance prediction modelling depends on a good knowledge of the local environment, including bathymetry,
oceanography and seabed properties. The function of rapid environmental assessment (REA) is to obtain relevant environmental
data in a tactically relevant time frame, with REA methods categorized by the nature and immediacy of their application, from
historical databases through remotely sensed data to in situ acquisition. However, each REA approach is subject to its own
set of uncertainties, which are in turn transferred to uncertainty in sonar performance prediction. An approach to quantify
and manage this uncertainty has been developed through the definition of sensitivity metrics and Monte Carlo simulations of
acoustic propagation using multiple realizations of the marine environment. This approach can be simplified by using a linearized
two-point sensitivity measure based on the statistics of the environmental parameters used by acoustic propagation models.
The statistical properties of the environmental parameters may be obtained from compilations of historical data, forecast
conditions or in situ measurements. During a field trial off the coast of Nova Scotia, a set of environmental data, including
oceanographic and geoacoustic parameters, were collected together with acoustic transmission loss data. At the same time,
several numerical models to forecast the oceanographic conditions were run for the area, including 5- and 1-day forecasts
as well as nowcasts. Data from the model runs are compared to each other and to in situ environmental sampling, and estimates
of the environmental uncertainties are calculated. The forecast and in situ data are used with historical geoacoustic databases
and geoacoustic parameters collected using REA techniques, respectively, to perform acoustic transmission loss predictions,
which are then compared to measured transmission loss. The progression of uncertainties in the marine environment, within
and between different REA categories, and the consequences on acoustic propagation are examined. 相似文献
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David Stevenson Felipe Solano Yunxiao Wei Neil R. Thomson James F. Barker J. F. Devlin 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》2020,40(4):54-66
In situ treatment usually requires contact between an injected reagent and target contaminant to realize mass removal from source zones and plumes. Despite significant site characterization efforts, unknown heterogeneities that exist at all spatial scales often hinder prediction of the distribution of injected reagents. To provide remediation practitioners with additional information on the distribution of injected reagents, a prototype real-time monitoring probe was designed and tested. This new probe comprises a two-wire resistivity circuit, hence the designation dipole resistivity probe (DRP). The low-cost DRPs were built to be attached as arrays to a central stalk, and installed by direct-push techniques. An installed network of multilevel DRPs can be used to detect the arrival, persistence, and relative concentration of a high-conductivity reagent solution in real-time across a zone of interest. Static cell and sandbox experiments were conducted to test and refine the DRP design before field testing. Static cell experimental results indicated that the DRP was sensitive to solution electrical conductivity (EC), and that the probe response and EC relationship is nonlinear and dependent on the fixed resistor used. The choice of fixed resistor can be adjusted to optimize the DRP response over a critical EC range of interest. Under dynamic conditions in the sandbox, the DRP was able to reproduce breakthrough profiles collected by a commercial EC sensor. The results from two field studies demonstrated the utility of the DRPs to generate information regarding the arrival and persistence of reagents in an efficient and cost-effective manner. The first field study used a network of DRPs to monitor the land application of a sodium sulfate solution, and the second field study employed DRPs to monitor the distribution and longevity of a persulfate solution. While additional field testing is warranted, the results presented are encouraging and suggest that this low-cost system can be used to improve our understanding of the detailed migration of injected reagents in treatment zones. 相似文献
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电离层扰动变化可以作为地震的短临前兆,为提升电离层扰动数据分析准确性,剔除异常数据,提出了基于DBSCAN的地震电离层扰动异常数据检测方法。首先利用DBSCAN方法的中心思想,分析电离层扰动数据,结合无线传感器网络数据的特点,将欧式距离设定为指标,对比不同电离层扰动数据并进行划分聚类,然后计算地震电离层扰动数据相似度。再利用DBSCAN方法提取相关的环境特征集,通过特征集实现地震电离层扰动异常数据检测。最后实验分析与传统方法相比,运行时间、误报率、漏报率以及检测率的对比结果。结果表明：所提方法的所需时间短,误报率和漏报率明显降低,检测率大大提高。 相似文献
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介绍了一种完全自主开发的便携无线遥测式浅层数字地震仪.系统以无线自组网为核心,基于双ARM和FPGA平台,采用多功能IP软核驱动方式及嵌入式操作系统,从硬件方面提高系统的集成化程度,缩小设备体积.设计可动态配置信号调理单元保证系统前端的动态范围和保真性,采用并行双缓存循环预采集存储技术,实现不确定传输延时情况下的多道严格并行采集.文中详细分析了适合于地震数据传输的无线射频和无线以太网两种传输方式,以及相应的组网方案和关键技术难点,解决了分布式无线信号采集站的采集同步和非均匀采样问题.信号采集站单站集成12路并行采集道,各通道在4 k采样率时有效分辨率达18位,且参数可远程配置.软件中所集成的现场质量控制功能,非常适于复杂环境下的工程勘探,且由于移除了多个附加配件,从而缩小了设备的体积和重量,降低施工布线的复杂性,提高环境适应能力和勘探效率. 相似文献
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CDMA无线传输在乌江数字地震台网的实施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
无线网络通信是先进的通讯技术,利用无线网络开展的信息化应用具有显著优势,在地震观测与测震台网建设中,选用无线网络通信,组网便捷,既能实现数据传输,也能节约成本。CDMA有多种组网方式,进行高效组网,要根据不同环境来规划。简述CDMA无线传输技术在乌江数字地震台网的应用,找出影响传输质量的原因。 相似文献
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Abstract Using a combination of laboratory and field experiments, the performance of a Partech Instruments Ltd IR40-C active head suspended solids sensor has been tested with respect to changing particle size distribution and rapid variation in suspended sediment transport rate. The sensor, which utilizes light attenuation in the infrared waveband, has several advantages both over visible light optical designs and over nuclear or optical back-scatter (OBS) devices. Three sets of laboratory tests are reported: calibration experiments using estuarine, pro-glacial and control media; flume simulations of pulsed sediment supply at a variety of frequencies, concentrations and ambient flow velocities; and simple tests for the effect of air bubbles within the sensor light path. The sensor was also deployed in the field, together with an electromagnetic current meter, to monitor flow and suspended sediment transport fluctuations in the turbulent frequency range. Although the sensor performed well with respect to drift, noise and stability of calibration, significant variation occurred with respect to suspensions of differing particle sizes. A simple correction procedure involving the weighting of sensor output by specific particle surface area may enable comparison of turbidity data from different locations and times, and with standard calibration solutions. At high frequencies, the sensor is capable of resolving fluctuations in the transport rate to c. 0.5 s, which appears to correspond well to field observations of significant velocity fluctuation and transport ‘events’ and is comparable with results obtained using OBS devices. However, the resolution of transport fluctuations is again dependent upon particle characteristics, and the presence of air bubbles in the flow whose size approximates the path width of the sensor may mimic a fluctuating transport process. Further interpretation of high frequency measurement awaits research into the fundamentals of rapidly varying flow and sediment transport characteristics. 相似文献
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地震应急是我国防震减灾工作3大体系之一,鉴于地震预报尚不过关,在没有作出临震预报而地震突然发生时,为在灾区进行有效的救援而采取的紧急行动.通信、计算机等新技术是地震应急指挥和救援工作顺利进行的重要保证,无线局域网是计算机网络与无线通信技术相结合的产物,无线局域网利用了无线多址信道的一种有效方法来支持计算机之间的通信,本文根据新疆地震局地震应急现场工作情况,阐述无线局域网在地震应急现场中的应用,讨论了地震应急现场所适应的几种无线局域网的组网模式. 相似文献
17.
针对地震野外流动观测网络系统的无公用网络、流动性强、范围广、密度大、环境复杂的观测模式特点,又为了解决地震野外监测的低成本、高效传输、快速部署的台阵组网难题,以LoRa为主要通讯网络,结合Wifi和ZigBee无线网络技术,设计实现一种便携式、低功耗、快速组网的无线复合通讯网关。实验测试表明,该网关在LoRa组网下可以实现2 km范围内最高21 kbps空中传输速率的网络通讯状态,适用于地震野外监测高效传输、快速部署的台阵组网。 相似文献
18.
地震短临跟踪黑龙江地磁台阵的架设 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了黑龙江省地震局短临跟踪项目中的地磁台阵及运行情况,在该地区选定大庆,富裕,泰来,望奎和肇源5个观测点形成地磁台阵,利用GM4-LDG型流动磁通门磁力仪对地磁场三分量进行测量,并利用GPRS和CDMA无线网络技术,实现数据远程无线传输与仪器监控。 相似文献
19.
Developments in theoretical and empirical modelling of bedload transport processes are hindered by the lack of an adequate data base for testing or establishing the models. Conventional methods of measuring bedload transport rates fail to provide the necessary continuous or frequent record of variations at a single section. Acoustic techniques have the potential to overcome this deficiency, but their application has been very limited. Some of the problems of calibrating an acoustic device in the field and in a laboratory flume are discussed, and a possible circuit design described which might minimize calibration difficulties by automatically subtracting the noise generated by flow turbulence. 相似文献
20.
Mohammad Ali Ahmadi Sohrab Zendehboudi Ali Lohi Ali Elkamel Ioannis Chatzis 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(3):582-598
Reservoir characterization involves describing different reservoir properties quantitatively using various techniques in spatial variability. Nevertheless, the entire reservoir cannot be examined directly and there still exist uncertainties associated with the nature of geological data. Such uncertainties can lead to errors in the estimation of the ultimate recoverable oil. To cope with uncertainties, intelligent mathematical techniques to predict the spatial distribution of reservoir properties appear as strong tools. The goal here is to construct a reservoir model with lower uncertainties and realistic assumptions. Permeability is a petrophysical property that relates the amount of fluids in place and their potential for displacement. This fundamental property is a key factor in selecting proper enhanced oil recovery schemes and reservoir management. In this paper, a soft sensor on the basis of a feed‐forward artificial neural network was implemented to forecast permeability of a reservoir. Then, optimization of the neural network‐based soft sensor was performed using a hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization method. The proposed genetic method was used for initial weighting of the parameters in the neural network. The developed methodology was examined using real field data. Results from the hybrid method‐based soft sensor were compared with the results obtained from the conventional artificial neural network. A good agreement between the results was observed, which demonstrates the usefulness of the developed hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in prediction of reservoir permeability. 相似文献