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1.
我国第二代静止气象卫星FY-4A观测能力较之前有明显提升,在天气特别是对流性天气监测和预测中具有较强的应用潜力。利用FY-4A气象卫星多通道扫描辐射成像仪(Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager,AGRI)和闪电成像仪(Lightning Mapping Imager,LMI)数据开展研究,分析了反演产品在强雷暴天气中的应用。研究表明,扫描辐射成像仪多通道组合白天对流风暴红-绿-蓝（red-green-blue,RGB）合成产品可以突出具有强上升气流的对流性雷暴云,较单通道及多通道可见光合成产品具有监测优势;闪电成像仪产品较地面闪电探测闪电产品能够探测到更多的闪电,对新生对流和较弱对流产生的闪电监测具有优势;在华北和黄淮一次强雷暴天气过程中,白天对流风暴RGB合成产品能够监测云系发展的过程,卫星监测闪电活动频数和冰雹活动一致性较好。  相似文献   

2.
The Lightning Mapping Imager (LMI) equipped on the FY-4A (FengYun-4A) geostationary satellite achieves lightning positioning through optical imaging and has the advantages of high temporal resolution, high stability, and continuous observation. In this study, FY-4A LMI lightning event, group and flash data from April to August 2018 are selected, and their quality are assessed through qualitative and quantitative comparison with the ground-based Advanced Time of Arrival and Direction system (ADTD) lightning observation network data and the American International Space Station (ISS) lightning imaging sensor (LIS) data. The results show that the spatial distributions of FY-4A lightning are consistent with those of the ground-based ADTD and ISS LIS. The temporal variation in FY-4A lightning group frequency is consistent with that of ADTD stroke, which reflects that FY-4A LMI can capture the lightning occurrence in inland China. Quantitative statistics show that the consistency rate of FY-4A LMI and ISS LIS events is relatively high but their consistency rate is lower in terms of lightning group and flash data. Compared with the lightning observations by the ISS LIS and the ground-based ADTD, FY-4A LMI reports fewer lightning events in the Tibetan Plateau. The application of Tibetan Plateau lightning data requires further processing and consideration.  相似文献   

3.
A combined analysis of microphysical thunderstorm properties derived by C-band polarimetric Doppler radar measurements and lightning observations from two ground-based systems are presented. Three types of storms, a multicell, a supercell, and a squall line, that were observed during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides project (EULINOX) are investigated. Correlations are sought between the mass of rain, graupel, hail, and snow derived form radar observations at different height levels and the electrical activity, represented either by cloud-to-ground or intracloud flashes. These relationships are explained by connecting the radar-derived properties with the non-inductive charging process. For the multicell and the supercell storm, the lightning activity can be linearly correlated to both the hydrometeor total mass and class specific mass in the upper part of the storm. It is shown that the fractions of graupel and hail above the −20 °C-level in these storms positively correlate with the intracloud flash activity in the supercell, and negatively for the cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in the multicell. No such relation can be established for the squall line, indicating that the convective organization plays a crucial role in the lightning development. The analysis of the masses in the different storms shows that lightning activity cannot be parameterized by total mass alone, other parameters have to be identified. The results provide important information for all lightning studies that rely on bulk properties of thunderstorms, e.g., the parameterization of lightning in mesoscale models or the nowcasting of lightning by radar.  相似文献   

4.
北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度雷暴的贡献   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用北京闪电定位网(BLNET,Beijing Lightning Network)和SAFIR3000(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interometrie Radioelectrique)定位网7年共423次雷暴的闪电资料,并按照雷暴产生闪电多少,同时参考雷达回波和雷暴持续时间,将雷暴划分为弱雷暴(≤1000次)、强雷暴(>1000次且≤10000次)和超强雷暴(>10000次),分析了北京地区的闪电时空分布特征及不同强度等级雷暴对闪电分布的贡献。北京总闪电密度最大值约为15.4 flashes km-2a(^-1),平均值约为1.9 flashes km^-2a(^-1),大于8 flashes km^-2a(^-1)的闪电密度高值区基本分布在海拔高度200 m等高线以下的平原地带。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴闪电总量贡献不同,弱雷暴(超强雷暴)次数多(少),产生的闪电少(多),超强雷暴和强雷暴产生的闪电分别占总雷暴闪电的37%和56%。不同强度雷暴对总雷暴的闪电密度高值中心分布和闪电日变化特征影响显著,昌平区东部、顺义区中东部和北京主城区是总雷暴闪电密度大于12 flashes km-2a(-1)的三个主要高值区中心,前两个高值中心受强雷暴影响大,而主城区高值中心主要受超强雷暴影响。总雷暴晚上频繁的闪电活动主要受超强雷暴和强雷暴影响,这两类雷暴晚上闪电活动活跃,分别占各自总闪电的69%和65%,而弱雷暴闪电活动白天陡增很快,对总雷暴午后的闪电活动影响大。另外,不同下垫面条件闪电日变化差异大,山区最强的闪电活动出现在白天,午后闪电活动增强很快,主峰值出现在北京时间18:00,而平原最强的闪电活动发生在晚上,平原(山麓)的主峰值比山区推迟了约1.5小时(1小时)。  相似文献   

5.
利用2015年夏季北京闪电综合探测（BLNET）总闪辐射源定位、多普勒天气雷达、地面自动气象站和探空资料等多种协同观测资料,详细分析了2015年8月7日北京一次强飑线过程不同阶段的闪电特征,并探讨了闪电与对流区域和地面热力条件之间的关系。飑线过程整体上以云闪为主,根据雷达回波和闪电频数可以将飑线过程分为发展、增强及减弱三个阶段。发展阶段表现为多个孤立的γ中尺度对流降水单体,随着北京城区降水单体的迅速发展,强回波顶高延伸到-20℃温度层高度,闪电辐射源高度也逐步增加,闪电明显增多,但总闪电频数整体低于80次/min。增强阶段单体合并,闪电频数快速增长,0℃层以上及以下的强回波（＞40 dBZ）体积明显增大,飑线形成后,总闪和地闪均达到峰值,分别约248次/min和18次/min,负地闪占总地闪比例为90%,辐射源主要分布在线状对流降水区内,辐射源数量峰值出现在5～9 km高度层。减弱阶段飑线主体下降到0℃以下并迅速衰减,辐射源分布明显向后部层云降水区倾斜。95%的闪电发生在对流线附近10 km范围内,即对流云区和过渡区。在系统发展和增强阶段,对流云区与层云区辐射源的活跃时段基本一致;系统减弱阶段,对流降水云区辐射源数量迅速减少。在系统的不同发展阶段,闪电活跃区域对应于冷池出流同平原暖湿气流在近地面形成的相当位温强梯度带内。  相似文献   

6.
利用TRMM卫星上携带的闪电探测仪（LIS）所获取的10 a闪电资料（1998—2007年）对西南地区闪电活动的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：该地区闪电次数的年差异较大,最多年份是最少年份的2倍多,闪电活动季节性特征非常明显,闪电主要集中在春末仲夏发生,呈现单峰值特征,4—8月是闪电高发期（约占全年总闪电活动的84.83%）。闪电活动的日变化表明,闪电峰值区集中在傍晚、午夜前后两个时段,闪电谷值区出现在09：00—12：00,夜雷暴多,这是与其他地区闪电日变化显著不同的地方。在对闪电次数进行了探测效率订正后,根据LIS注视时间,计算了闪电密度。西南地区闪电密度分布大体呈现：东部高,西部低;南部高,北部低。闪电密度较高、面积较大的高值中心位于中越交界的老山一带,非常明显的大片低发区主要位于西南西部地区。研究表明：西南地区闪电时空分布与当地的地形地势、水汽和地理环境条件等诸多因素有关。  相似文献   

7.
华北一次强对流天气系统的地闪时空演变特征分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  
利用地面雷电探测网,多普勒天气雷达和常规天气资料,分析了2005年8月1日发生在山东北部的一次具有前部对流线,后部大范围层状云降水(LLTS)的典型中尺度对流系统(MCS)的闪电活动演变特征。结果表明:整个过程中负地闪占主导地位,最高频数达到260次/5min;与负地闪比较,正地闪呈现不活跃状态。负地闪主要落在>40 dBz的强回波区内部及其边缘区域,而正地闪则分布在前部云砧和后部层状云降水区内。对地闪位置与回波强度的进一步对比分析发现,45~55 dBz的回波是最有利于地闪发生的区域,回波强度低于这一区域,随着回波强度的增大,地闪活动呈递增趋势,地闪频数在50~55 dBz的回波区域内达到峰值,>55 dBz的回波区域内地闪频数明显降低。  相似文献   

8.
The lightning activity of convective systems is a sometimes fruitful indicator of their precipitation production. The present study compares rain volume with different types of lightning activity in several convective systems. The study uses data obtained in the Paris area where two lightning detection systems coexist. The Météorage network provides the location and the polarity of cloud-to-ground flashes, while the SAFIR system detects the total flash activity: cloud-to-ground, intra-cloud flashes and VHF individual sources within a given time window. The overall spatial correlation between rain and lightning appears to be very consistent for all lightning types. A pixel-to-pixel study shows that positive CG flashes are associated with higher rainwater volume than negative flashes. Introducing a weight coefficient for positive CG flashes considerably improves the correlation between rain amount and lightning production. Taking into account the specific contribution of each type of lightning flash, the amount of rain can be estimated from the total electrical activity of each system. Comparison with the amount derived from radar measurement shows reasonable agreement. Finally, the parallel time evolutions of rain and lightning rates display quite similar characteristics.  相似文献   

9.
从一般雷暴、灾害性雷暴和台风的闪电活动特征以及雷暴闪电尺度特征四个方面对相关研究进行梳理。一般雷暴通常具有正常极性电荷结构,云/地闪比例在3左右(中纬度地区),地闪中正地闪占比为10%左右,负地闪位置往往更集中于对流区。灾害性雷暴倾向具有活跃的云闪,低比例的地闪,易出现反极性电荷结构,正地闪比例偏高。闪电活动与灾害性天气现象之间存在关联性,部分雹暴过程具有两次闪电活跃阶段。台风中大部分闪电发生在外雨带,眼壁/外雨带闪电爆发很可能预示气旋强度的增强以及路径的改变。由闪电持续时间、通道空间扩展所表征的闪电尺度与雷暴对流强度相关。弱对流雷暴或雷暴的弱对流区域可能由水平扩展、垂直分层的电荷分布形态主导,闪电频次低,闪电空间尺度大;强对流雷暴或雷暴的强对流区域可能由交错分布的小电荷区主导,闪电频次高,闪电尺度小。   相似文献   

10.
There were three hailstorms in Shandong Province,caused by a same northeast cold eddy situation on 1 June 2002.Cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes occurring in the weather event were observed by Shandong Lightning Detection Network (SLDN),which consists of 10 sensors covering all over Shandong Province.The temporal and spatial distributions of CG lightning are investigated for the three hailstorms by using the data from SLDN,Doppler radar and satellite.The results show that different thunderstorms present different lightning features even if under the same synoptic situation.The percentage of positive CG lightning is very high during the period of hail falling.CG flashes mainly occurred in the region with a cloud top brightness temperature lower than -50°C.Negative CG flashes usually clustered in the lower temperature region and tended to occur in the region with maximum temperature gradient,while the positive ones usually spread discretely.Negative CG flashes usually occurred in intense echo regions with reflectivity greater than 50 dBz,while the positive CG flashes often occurred in weak and stable echo regions (10-30 dBz) or cloud anvils,although they can be observed in strong convective regions sometimes.Almost all hail falling took place in the stage with active positive flashes,and the peak positive flash rate is a little prior to the hail events.The thunderstorm could lead to disastrous weather when positive CG lightning activities occur in cluster.Severe thunderstorms sometimes present a low flash rate at its vigorous stage,which is probably caused by the"mechanism of chargeregion lift"through investigating the reflectivity evolution.Combined with the total lightning (intracloud and CG) data obtained by LIS onboard TRMM,the phenomenon of high ratio of intracloud flash to CG flash in severe hailstorm has been discussed.The competition of the same charge sources between different lightning types can also be helpful for explaining the cause of low CG lightning activities in severe storms.  相似文献   

11.
用TRMM/LIS资料分析长江三角洲地区的闪电活动   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文
统计分析了1998~2004年长江三角洲(长三角)地区由星载闪电成像传感器(LIS)观测的闪电资料，发现了该地区LIS闪电活动的一些时空分布特征:闪电次数的年差异较大，最多年份是最少年份的3倍；7~8月盛夏季节是闪电高发期，闪电次数和日数分别占全年的70%和60%；闪电高发期间的抬升指数(IL)小于-2℃；7~8月闪电主要集中于午后，3~6月则集中在上半夜；上海地区单日LIS闪电次数超过8次时，多伴有强对流天气和短时强降水；长三角地区的闪电活动区主要分布在上海的东部，部分沿江、沿湖地区和浙江的龙门山等山区；水域闪电少于陆地，大城市城区下风方向闪电活动较多，部分雷暴刚入海时有加强的趋势。分析表明:太阳辐射的季节变化和日变化等是造成闪电时间分布的主要原因；地形的动力作用和下垫面的物理特性及其差异是造成气候意义上中小尺度闪电空间分布差异的主要原因。文章对LIS闪电定位资料进行了探测效率订正，根据LIS注视时间计算了闪电密度，并与地基闪电定位资料和多普勒天气雷达资料进行了对比。LIS闪电活动特征的分析，对雷暴预警和防灾减灾有指导意义。  相似文献   

12.
A review of atmospheric electricity research in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in China. Lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms.  相似文献   

13.
Observations were carried out at National Astronomy and Ionospheric Center (NAIC) in Puerto Rico with a dual-frequency (46.8MHz/430MHz) Strato-Tropospheric radar associated with ground-based precipitation and electrostatic field measurements. This experimental set-up is devoted to provide wind measurements and detection of clear air turbulence. During a thunderstorm event, VHF-UHF radar receivers detected wide frequency band radiation emitted by lightning flashes. We present in this paper observations of a specific storm for which lightning radiation and ionized lightning channel were fortuitously and simultaneously detected. A bi-level structure of the lightning flash channel is observed and is consistent with observations obtained previously by other authors with VHF lightning mapper.  相似文献   

14.
北京地区雷暴过程闪电与地面降水的相关关系   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文
该文选取北京地区2006年夏季的18次雷暴过程,利用SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统观测到的总闪数据,分析了闪电与雷达反演的对流活动区降水量和对流活动区面积的相关关系,结果表明:北京地区的雷暴活动中,单个闪电所表征的降水量的范围在0.86×10~7～6.57×10~7kg/fl之间,平均值为2.65×10~7kg/fl;闪电活动与对流活动区降水量的线性相关关系显著,相关系数达到0.826;闪电活动与对流活动区面积也具有显著的线性关系,相关性系数达到0.846。文中给出了基于6 min闪电频次估算6 min对流降水量以及对流活动区面积的拟合方程。分析还发现,总闪活动与降水的关系要明显好于地闪,总闪信息的应用极大提高了分析结果的质量和可信性,分析结果对于利用闪电信息估测降水具有参考意义。  相似文献   

15.
A significant enhancement in the number of negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and a decrease in the percentage of positive CG flashes are observed over the city of São Paulo, similar to observations in other large urban areas. Strong evidence indicates that this anomalous behavior results from several mechanisms related to the urban effect. In this paper, we investigated the importance of the air pollution using CG lightning data provided by the Brazilian lightning detection network (BrasilDAT) for a 6-year period (1999–2004). Due to the large variations in the CG lightning activity in response to different meteorological processes, it is not an easy task to infer the contribution of air pollution to the enhancement in the lightning activity. In order to overcome such difficulty, two approaches were considered: (1) the weekly variation of the number of days with lightning in comparison to the mean concentration of particulate matter (PM10), as well as other thermodynamical parameters; (2) the variation of the number of CG flashes and the maximum storm flash rate per individual thunderstorm for different levels of pollution. The results of both analyses suggest that: first, the enhancement in the CG lightning activity during the week days over São Paulo metropolitan region is related to the PM10 concentration (pollution); second, the PM10 concentration tends to increase the lifetime of the storms and, in consequence, the number of flashes per storm, and not the flash rate of the thunderstorm; and third, the effect of the pollution in the enhancement of the CG lightning activity is probably less significant compared to the effect of the urban heat island.  相似文献   

16.
从空间探测闪电的综述   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
陈洪滨  吕达仁 《气象学报》2001,59(3):377-383
从空间探测闪电 30多年的历史看 ,一些卫星闪电遥感仪器已提供了许多极有价值的资料 ,例如 ,闪电全球范围内发生的频率 ,其随纬度和季节的变化以及日变化 ,超级闪电的发生等等。这些资料在雷电灾害预警预防、强对流天气监测、某些军事目标的识别等业务和科研工作中得到了应用。本文是关于空间探测闪电的一个综述 ,主要介绍过去 35a一些星载闪电光学探测器 ,并给出由这些仪器观测资料分析所得到的一些重要结果。最后 ,对发展中国星载闪电探测器提出几点建议。  相似文献   

17.
利用粤港澳闪电定位系统、广州多普勒天气雷达和自动气象站等资料, 分析了2017年6月2日发生在广州市中北部的一次强雷暴天气过程的地闪变化特征及闪电与雷达回波特征的关系。(1)本次强雷暴天气是华南一起典型的以西南急流和切变线为环流背景的强对流天气过程。在整个雷暴生命史中以负地闪为主, 占69.3%;正闪在雷暴发展的初始和结束阶段占比较大。(2)闪电频数分布与强雷达回波区域存在着较好的对应关系, 闪电活动位置稍有提前, 地闪频数峰值的时间比雷达回波峰值时间平均提前了11.1 min。(3)回波顶高是产生闪电的先决条件, 闪电较多分布在回波顶高9~15 km范围内, 地闪频数峰值落后于回波顶高峰值12~18 min。   相似文献   

18.
A multi-sensor study of the leading-line, trailing-stratiform (LLTS) mesoscale convective system (MCS) that developed over Texas in the afternoon of 7 April 2002 is presented. The analysis relies mainly on operationally available data sources such as GOES East satellite imagery, WSR-88D radar data and NLDN cloud-to-ground flash data. In addition, total lightning information in three dimensions from the LDAR II network in the Dallas–Ft. Worth region is used.GOES East satellite imagery revealed several ring-like cloud top structures with a diameter of about 100 km during MCS formation. The Throckmorton tornadic supercell, which had formed just ahead of the developing linear MCS, was characterized by a high CG+ percentage below a V-shaped cloud top overshoot north of the tornado swath. There were indications of the presence of a tilted electrical dipole in this storm. Also this supercell had low average CG− first stroke currents and flash multiplicities. Interestingly, especially the average CG+ flash multiplicity in the Throckmorton storm showed oscillations with an estimated period of about 15 min.Later on, in the mature LLTS MCS, the radar versus lightning activity comparison revealed two dominant discharge regions at the back of the convective leading edge and a gentle descent of the upper intracloud lightning region into the trailing stratiform region, apparently coupled to hydrometeor sedimentation. There was evidence for an inverted dipole in the stratiform region of the LLTS MCS, and CG+ flashes from the stratiform region had high first return stroke peak currents.  相似文献   

19.
针对热带气旋（tropical cyclone,TC）闪电已有研究,首先从闪电活动分布特征、眼壁闪电爆发对TC强度和路径的指示、外雨带闪电活动与雨带对流结构的关系三个方面进行了总结;其次从动力一微物理方面对TC闪电的形成原因和特征机理进行了梳理;最后提出当前研究中存在的两个关键问题,并对后续研究内容进行了展望。基于地基和空基相结合的综合闪电探测得到的闪电属性特征参量,有望建立一个明确的、具有代表性的闪电活动一TC强度变化关系。利用沿海地区架设的三维闪电定位系统结合地基双偏振霄达,针对登陆台风强对流过程开展的综合观测研究,将有助于推进闪电观测资料在台风中小尺度强对流监测、预警和资料同化中的应用。  相似文献   

20.
均生函数模型在高原汛期降水预报中的应用   总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10  
以均生函数为基函数,建立了正交化、主成分和最优子集回归三类预测模型。对云南昆明、滇中（包括昆明、玉溪和楚雄）及西藏林芝的汛期（６￣８）降水进行了模拟和预测、其拟合效果,特别是对极值的拟合十分理想。结果表明：在高原地区,均生函数模型预报降水具有较高的精度,拟合报准率和实际报准率分别为９７％￣１００％和６０％￣８０％,且具有多步预测能力。  相似文献   

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