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1.
为了解自末次间冰期以来这一地区的古海水表层温度变化,应用气相色谱技术对取自冲绳海槽东侧的Z14?6孔的长链(C37)不饱和烯酮进行了分析。结果发现,该孔Uk37在0.83—0.95之间,其变化趋势与两种浮游有孔虫N.dutertrei和G.sacculifer的氧同位素组成一致。根据Uk37重建的SST在24.0—27.5℃之间变化,最高值27.5℃出现在MIS-5,最低值24℃出现在MIS-2(LGM)。从LGM到全新世SST增加约2℃。这与早期在附近地区根据Uk37重建的SST变化趋势一致。根据重建的SST自LGM以来的变化,作者认为现代黑潮洋流系统最晚在约10kaB.P.后已在冲绳海槽重新建立。许多早期研究揭示的黑潮在7.5—7kaB.P.的加强可能与全新世大暖期有关。 相似文献
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根据表层沉积物长链不饱和烯酮的不饱和度(Uk37指数)以及现代海洋0～30 m层平均温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST),探讨在低温和高温海区利用Uk37指数重建上层古温度的合理性.同时,结合文献报道的南海上层水体中颗石藻(E.huxleyi,G.oceanica和G.ericsonii)细胞丰度的季节特征,探讨了沉积记录中Uk37指数与季节的对应性.结果表明:(1)在极端低温和高温海区(-0.6℃和28℃)Uk37指数仍是重建上层水体古温度的良好替代指标;(2)由于南海长链烯酮源生物——颗石藻的主要生长季节为冬季,因此,尽管南海表层沉积物中的Uk37指数与4个季节的SST均显著相关,但沉积记录中的Uk37指数反演的SST可能仅代表冬季上层水体的温度. 相似文献
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《海洋学研究》2015,(1)
根据表层沉积物长链不饱和烯酮的不饱和度(Uk37指数)以及现代海洋0~30 m层平均温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST),探讨在低温和高温海区利用Uk37指数重建上层古温度的合理性。同时,结合文献报道的南海上层水体中颗石藻(E.huxleyi,G.oceanica和G.ericsonii)细胞丰度的季节特征,探讨了沉积记录中Uk37指数与季节的对应性。结果表明:(1)在极端低温和高温海区(-0.6℃和28℃)Uk37指数仍是重建上层水体古温度的良好替代指标;(2)由于南海长链烯酮源生物——颗石藻的主要生长季节为冬季,因此,尽管南海表层沉积物中的Uk37指数与4个季节的SST均显著相关,但沉积记录中的Uk37指数反演的SST可能仅代表冬季上层水体的温度。 相似文献
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长链烯酮是一类组成丰富且受到广泛研究的生物标志物,已成功应用于古海洋环境重建工作。近来海洋和湖泊的沉积物、颗粒物以及相应的母源藻类培养实验的研究结果都显示,除U■和U■指示温度外,长链烯酮化合物还可用于指示其他生态环境因子的变化。长链烯酮类化合物已经从最初的C_(37)-C_(39)组分扩展至近年来发现的C_(35)-C_(42)的甲基烯酮或乙基烯酮。在此总结了除温度指标外,近年来在海洋和湖泊中发现的长链烯酮的几种组合特征,及其可能发展出的指示环境盐度(%C_(37:4),C_(36:2)乙基烯酮)、母源种属(C_(37)/C_(38)烯酮比值,C_(38)甲基烯酮)变化以及定量区分不同类型定鞭藻合成的长链烯酮(RIK_(37)、RIK_(38Et))的潜在指标。长链烯酮的组合特征和潜在指标研究可为重建长时间尺度海洋和湖泊环境演变提供新的手段,也有助于揭示生态环境变化的机制。 相似文献
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通过对气相色谱仪分析低纬陆架痕量长链烯酮过程中的升温速率和载气流速两个主要条件进行了探讨,对比了不同的程序升温速率和不同载气流量条件下烯酮的分离效果和检测精确度及重现性。研究发现色谱分析条件对低纬度痕量长链烯酮的分析有显著的影响。当前广泛适用于中低纬度开放大洋沉积物样品的较高的程序升温方法难以对低纬度高陆源物质冲淡作用影响下的陆架海沉积物样品进行有效的分离分析。在接近U3K7′指标适用温度上限且C37∶3烯酮含量极低的情况下(1ng/g干样,计算温度接近27℃),采用较低的程序升温速率分离C37∶3和C37∶2及后续化合物有利于获得良好的分离效果,且分析的精确度和重现性较之高的升温速率好。在对痕量且接近温度适用极限的烯酮样品进行分析时,应采用相对较小的载气流量以便获得理想的分离度和更加精确的分析结果。 相似文献
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海洋沉积物中的长链烯酮由海洋单细胞钙化藻类颗石藻生产,是一种被广泛应用于古气候研究领域中的分子标记物。长链烯酮碳同位素是重建地质历史时期海水、大气CO2浓度的可靠方法之一。在此方法中,需要利用颗石大小对颗石藻生理参数b值进行修正,因此需要厘清哪类颗石藻对烯酮的贡献是一个重要的科学问题。目前认为新生代海洋沉积物中主要的长链烯酮生产者为Noelaerhabdaceae科的颗石藻,包含Emiliania huxleyi,Gephyrocapsa spp.,Reticulofenestra spp.,Cyclicargolithus spp.,但对它们具体的贡献程度仍然未知。因此,本文以南海国际大洋发现计划IODP U1501站早中新世海洋沉积物为研究材料,对比了沉积物中颗石与烯酮的绝对含量,发现Cyclicargolithus属的颗石丰度与烯酮含量具有显著的相关性(r=0.44,p<0.01),而Reticulofenestra spp.的相关性较弱(r=0.09,p=0.5)。研究认为早中新世长链烯酮的主要生产者为Cyclicargolithus属,Reticu... 相似文献
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三门湾沉积记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数-海表温度和浮游动物群落对厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用沉积地层记录中长链烯酮不饱和指数(U3K7)估算1916—2003年三门湾表层海水温度(SST)与变化。SST波动范围为15.97~18.00℃,年平均为17.03℃。该值比当年实测海水全年平均温度低3.52℃,同时应用长链烯醇不饱和指数与SST的关系重建历史上的厄尔尼诺现象。研究显示三门湾的厄尔尼诺气候事件在大尺度上与东太平洋一样均受制于气候影响,在变化尺度上又受到地理位置和地方性气候(季风)的影响,厄尔尼诺事件在形式和年代上相互对应,但是其涛动幅度不如东太平洋的强烈。通过比较厄尔尼诺期间(2003/2002年)和非厄尔尼诺期间(2006/2005年)的浮游动物群落结构变动信号、生物量、密度以及物种多样性等,在厄尔尼诺时期浮游动物种类数、生物量和丰度呈现偏高的趋势,三门湾的暖水性浮游动物类群、数量变化与台湾暖流活动过程中携带的浮游性动物有密切的联系。 相似文献
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Marie Méheust Ruediger Stein Kirsten Fahl Lars Max Jan-Rainer Riethdorf 《Geo-Marine Letters》2016,36(2):101-111
Due to its strong influence on heat and moisture exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, sea ice is an essential component of the global climate system. In the context of its alarming decrease in terms of concentration, thickness and duration, understanding the processes controlling sea-ice variability and reconstructing paleo-sea-ice extent in polar regions have become of great interest for the scientific community. In this study, for the first time, IP25, a recently developed biomarker sea-ice proxy, was used for a high-resolution reconstruction of the sea-ice extent and its variability in the western North Pacific and western Bering Sea during the past 18,000 years. To identify mechanisms controlling the sea-ice variability, IP25 data were associated with published sea-surface temperature as well as diatom and biogenic opal data. The results indicate that a seasonal sea-ice cover existed during cold periods (Heinrich Stadial 1 and Younger Dryas), whereas during warmer intervals (Bølling-Allerød and Holocene) reduced sea ice or ice-free conditions prevailed in the study area. The variability in sea-ice extent seems to be linked to climate anomalies and sea-level changes controlling the oceanographic circulation between the subarctic Pacific and the Bering Sea, especially the Alaskan Stream injection though the Aleutian passes. 相似文献
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Sea surface temperature variations in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 160 ka 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the southwestern South China Sea have been reconstructed for the past 160 ka using the Uk37 paleothermometer from the core MD01-2392. The temperature differences between glacial times (MISs 6 and 2) and interglacial times (MISs 5.5 and 1) are 2.2~2.5 ℃. Younger Dryas event during the last deglaciation was documented in both the planktonic foraminiferal δ18O and SST records. After MIS 5.5, SSTs displayed a progressive cooling from 28.6 to 24.5 ℃, culminating at the LGM. During this gradual cooling period, warm events such as MISs 5.3, 5.1 and 3 were also clearly documented. By comparison of SST between the study core and Core 17954, a pattern of low or no meridional SST gradients during the interglacial periods and high meridional SST gradients during the glacial periods was exhibited. This pattern indicates the much stronger East Asian winter monsoon at the glacial than at the interglacial periods. Spectral analysis gives two prominent cycles: 41 and 23 ka, with the former more pronounced, suggesting that SSTs in the southern SCS varied in concert with high-latitude processes through the connection of East Asian winter monsoon. 相似文献
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近1000年来西格陵兰荷尔斯泰因斯堡港生物硅指示的海洋生产力变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
We analyzed the biogenic silica(BSi) content and produced a diatom-based summer sea-surface temperature(SST) reconstruction for sediment core GC4 from the Holsteinsborg Dyb, West Greenland. Our aim was to reconstruct marine productivity and climatic fluctuations during the last millennium. Increased BSi content and diatom abundance suggest relatively high marine productively during the interval of AD 1000–1400, corresponding in time to the Medieval Warm Period(MWP). The summer SST reconstruction indicates relatively warm conditions during AD 900–1100, followed by cooling after AD 1100. An extended cooling period during AD 1400–1900 is characterized by prolonged low in reconstructed SST and high sea-ice concentration. The BSi values fluctuated during this period, suggesting varying marine productivity during the Little Ice Age(LIA).There is no significant correlation between the BSi content and SST during the last millennium, suggesting that the summer SST has little influence on marine productively in the Holsteinsborg Dyb. A good correspondence between the BSi content and the element Ti counts in core GC4 suggests that silicate-rich meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet was likely responsible for changes in marine productively in the Holsteinsborg Dyb. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2001,48(7):1687-1708
Analysis of sediment traps located either side of the Subtropical Front east of New Zealand reveals a strong association between water masses and foraminiferal assemblages. The composition and timing of foraminiferal productivity is distinct between waters north and south of the front, and these differences are also reflected in the assemblages of nearby core-tops. The sediment trap data indicate highly seasonal flux patterns in this region, so sedimentary records may represent flux during a particular season, rather than throughout the annual cycle. This pronounced seasonality has implications for our estimates of the annual temperature range based on faunal assemblages. This study shows that despite strong flux seasonality the annual sea-surface temperature (SST) range is reliably estimated from the sediment trap foraminiferal assemblages by the modern analog technique. The successful estimation of the annual SST range also indicates that the annual flux obtained from these sediment traps is representative of the longer term flux preserved in surface sediments. Core-top assemblages from this region can therefore be directly related to modern sea-surface conditions, providing an analogue for interpreting past environmental change from fossil assemblages. 相似文献
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Masaki Inagaki Masanobu Yamamoto Yaeko Igarashi Ken Ikehara 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(6):847-858
We investigated marine and terrestrial environmental changes at the northern Japan margin in the northwestern Pacific during
the last 23,000 years by analyzing biomarkers (alkenones, long-chain n-alkanes, long-chain n-fatty acids, and lignin-derived materials) in Core GH02-1030. The U
37K′-derived temperature in the last glacial maximum (LGM) centered at 21 ka was ∼10°C, which was 2°C lower than the core-top
temperature (∼12°C). This small temperature drop does not agree with pollen evidence of a large air temperature drop (more
than 4°C) in the Tokachi area. This disagreement might be attributed to a bias of U
37K′-derived temperature within 2.5°C by a seasonal shift in alkenone production. The U
37K′-derived temperature was significantly low during the last deglaciation. Because this cooling was significant in the Kuroshio-Oyashio
transition zone, the temperature drops are attributable to the southward displacement of the Kuroshio-Oyashio boundary. Abundant
lignin-derived materials, long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-fatty acids indicate a higher contribution of terrigenous organic matter from 17 to 12 ka. This phenomenon might have resulted
from an enhanced coastal erosion of terrestrial soils due to marine transgression and/or an efficient inflow of higher plant
debris to river waters from 17 to 12 ka. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(9):1571-1592
Seasonal and depth variations in alkenone flux and molecular and isotopic composition of sinking particles were examined using a 21-month time-series sediment trap experiment at a mooring station WCT-2 (39°N, 147°E) in the mid-latitude NW Pacific to assess the influences of seasonality, production depth, and degradation in the water column on the alkenone unsaturation index UK′37. Analysis of the underlying sediments was also conducted to evaluate the effects of alkenone degradation at the water–sediment interface on UK′37. Alkenone sinking flux and UK′37-based temperature showed strong seasonal variability. Alkenone fluxes were higher from spring to fall than they were from fall to spring. During periods of high alkenone flux, the UK′37-based temperatures were lower than the contemporary sea-surface temperatures (SSTs), suggesting alkenone production in a well-developed thermocline (shallower than 30 m). During low alkenone flux periods, the UK′37-based temperatures were nearly constant and were higher than the contemporary SSTs. The nearly constant carbon isotopic ratios of C37:2 and C38:2 alkenones suggest that alkenones produced in early fall were suspended in the surface water until sinking. The alkenone sinking flux decreased exponentially with increasing depth. The decreasing trend was enhanced during the periods of high alkenone flux, suggesting that fresh and labile particles sank from spring to fall, while old and stable particles sank from fall to spring. The UK′37-based temperature usually increased with increasing depth. The preservation efficiency of alkenones was ∼2.7–5.2% at the water–sediment interface. Despite the significant degradation of the alkenones, there was little difference in UK′37 levels between sinking particles and the surface sediment. 相似文献
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Seasonal variability of the Antarctic Coastal Current and its driving mechanisms in the Weddell Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ismael Núez-Riboni Eberhard Fahrbach 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(11):1927-1941
Insight into the dynamics of the Antarctic Coastal Current (ACoC) is achieved by quantifying the contributions of its driving mechanisms to the seasonal variability of its barotropic and baroclinic components. These mechanisms are sought out in the local wind, the sea-ice concentration, wind curl of the Weddell Gyre (Sverdrup transport) and the thermohaline forcing related to warming/cooling and ice melting and freezing. These driving mechanisms induce most of the seasonal variability of both the barotropic and baroclinic components of the ACoC by deepening the pycnocline towards the coast and sharpening the baroclinic profile following thermal wind balance. The resulting coastal current has mainly a barotropic transport (82%) and a major annual cycle, which explains 37% of this component's variability (tides and other high-frequency events generate 40%). The wind contributes with 58% of the seasonal variability of the barotropic component and 23% of the baroclinic; the sea-ice concentration contributes with 8% and 18%, respectively; Sverdrup transport with 4% and 30% and the thermohaline forcing with 30% and 29%. The results of this study are obtained with analysis of fifteen CTD sections (potential density and geostrophic velocities) of RV-Polarstern obtained between 1992 and 2005, as well as composite, spectral and harmonic analyses of 9 years of time series from moored instruments (current speed and temperature), wind speed, atmospheric pressure and sea-ice concentration of satellite imagery. 相似文献
18.
Marcello A. Mannino Kenneth D. Thomas Melanie J. Leng Hilary J. Sloane 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(5-6):309-325
Shells of the rocky shore intertidal gastropod Osilinus turbinatus (von Born), often abundant in archaeological deposits in the Mediterranean region, are a potential source of data on palaeotemperature, palaeoseasonality and archaeological seasonality. To evaluate this species as a climate archive, investigations of annual patterns of shell growth and of monthly variations in oxygen isotopes in shell carbonates were made on different populations in NW Sicily. Mark-recapture experiments at San Vito lo Capo and Mazzaforno show that O. turbinatus grows almost continuously throughout the year but at different rates in different seasons. Around 75% of the yearly shell growth occurs in the autumn and winter. On average, larger/older shells produce narrower annual growth increments than smaller/younger ones. Conspicuous growth lines in larger/older shells show that growth stops during the hottest part of the summer. Oxygen isotope analyses on monthly collected shells of O. turbinatus from three shores (Cala Grande, Monte Cofano and Mazzaforno) show that the isotope values record temperature variations through the year. In all the datasets, surface seawater temperatures (SSTs) calculated from δ18OSHELL mostly underestimate measured SSTs, offsets being generally greater in summer. Minimum annual offsets range from 0.0°C to 0.7°C and maximum annual offsets from 3.1°C to 8.7°C. δ18OSHELL values fail to record temperatures higher than 25°C. Careful selection of shells to be analysed can reduce offsets between δ18OSHELL temperature estimates and measured SSTs for many parts of the year, except the hottest. Allowing for this, shells of O. turbinatus offer good potential as climate archives and for archaeological studies of seasonal patterns of human foraging for shellfish. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Yaroshevich 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(3):398-401
In connection with global warming, the growth in the intensity of tropical hurricanes is predicted. The onset of this intensification is partially illustrated by the western Atlantic cyclonic zone [1]. It is noted in [1]that, due to global warming, the sea-surface temperature (SST) over the entire world has increased by 0.6°C since 1970. Since the SST basically determines the energy of tropical hurricanes, it is inferred that global warming will lead to an enhancement in their intensity. This publication presents a plot of the dynamics of SST annual mean anomalies for the northwestern Atlantic and pays special attention to significant excess mean temperatures since 1994. The anomalies are determined with respect to the mean temperature calculated from SSTs over 1901–1970. The same plot also shows that the SST at the end of the 1940s and during the 1950s exceeded the mean temperature by about 0.3 or even 0.4°C, decreasing gradually to negative anomalies (?0.3°C) in 1973. After that, the temperature started to increase again. Figure 1 shows a detail of this plot, which relates to the period 1950–2000. 相似文献
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The rapid decrease in Arctic sea ice cover and thickness not only has a linkage with extreme weather in the midlatitudes but also brings more opportunities for Arctic shipping routes and polar resource exploration, both of which motivate us to further understand causes of sea-ice variations and to obtain more accurate estimates of seaice cover in the future. Here, a novel data-driven method, the causal effect networks algorithm, is applied to identify the direct precursors of September sea-ice extent covering the Northern Sea Route and Transpolar Sea Route at different lead times so that statistical models can be constructed for sea-ice prediction. The whole study area was also divided into two parts: the northern region covered by multiyear ice and the southern region covered by seasonal ice. The forecast models of September sea-ice extent in the whole study area(TSIE) and southern region(SSIE) at lead times of 1–4 months can explain over 65% and 79% of the variances, respectively,but the forecast skill of sea-ice extent in the northern region(NSIE) is limited at a lead time of 1 month. At lead times of 1–4 months, local sea-ice concentration and sea-ice thickness have a larger influence on September TSIE and SSIE than other teleconnection factors. When the lead time is more than 4 months, the surface meridional wind anomaly from northern Europe in the preceding autumn or early winter is dominant for September TSIE variations but is comparable to thermodynamic factors for NSIE and SSIE. We suggest that this study provides a complementary approach for predicting regional sea ice and is helpful in evaluating and improving climate models. 相似文献