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全国自动气象站地面气象测报业务软件OSSMO 2004实现了地面测报的业务功能需求,但尚未考虑实现自动站探测数据的实时异地备份功能。作者针对业务安全要求,利用Delphi Indy9实现自动站数据实时地进行自动异机和异地备份。 相似文献
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为解决国家气象观测站备份站漏测要素导致的无法真正与主站实现互为双备份的问题,利用网络转换和信号分离方法,通过智能串口转换器和智能集线器,在技术上率先实现了本异地观测数据实时采集和单套无备份传感器数据共享功能。该技术基于TCP/IP协议,通过智能串口转换器,将数据推送至异地远端业务计算机,实现地面气象观测站远程实时数据采集,同时,本地业务计算机仍保持原有采集、备份功能。再采用MODBUS RTU和MODBUS TCP两种协议,通过智能集线器,在业务计算机上采用一问一答的访问方式,实现多台计算机同时访问主、备采集器获取采集数据,达到单套无备份传感器数据共享的目的。另外,建设视频监控、多线路网络通讯保障及供电自动化保障等附属设施,从而实现本、异地4台业务计算机数据直传及备份站全要素采集的新模式。 相似文献
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系统采用C／S软件体系结构、Visual Basic6．0编程语言、API函数等技术,实现对地面自动站资料异地备份情况的实时监控、报表输出及自动补传功能。充分利用已建成的省、地、县光纤通信网络,实现对所属地面自动站资料的异地备份隋况进行多级实时监控,并将监控结果中未正常备份的自动站资料信息分类进行报表输出。自动监测分钟数据文件存放资料的最新时刻,输出监测信息报表。台站业务人员根据报表信息,对未正常或未及时备份的自动站资料,可按照分时段或按日期选择,及时进行缺误资料的自动补传。系统应业务需求而设计,操作简便,运行稳定,在WindowsXP和Windows Server2003操作系统环境下均运行正常。自投人业务运行以来,有效提高了地面自动站资料异地备份完整率和及时率。 相似文献
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1问题的提出
目前采用的双机备份方法是如果现用机发生故障,将采集器的RS232连接到备份机相应端口,然后启动备份机的地面测报业务软件,因备份机上的数据不全,系统默认将采集器上的正点数据和分钟数据全部卸载,需要很长时间,时效性差。修改备份机D：＼OSSMO2004＼SysConfig＼SysPara．ini中StartTime和RunTime参数以达迅速启动,但同样会因备份机上数据不完整而引发不可预知的错误。 相似文献
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1 网络常见安全漏洞及对策1 .1 操作系统和应用软件的缺省安装操作系统和应用软件缺省安装 ,往往会造成系统庞大 ,速度慢。防范措施 :卸载不必要的软件 ;关掉不必要的服务和端口 ;不要随意安装自己看不懂或不了解的软件 ,特别是非汉化软件。1 .2 没有备份或者备份不完整数据没有进行有效的备份 ;根本没有备份或不去确认备份是否有效 ;备份数据被黑客破坏等。为了气象数据的完整性、正确性、有效性 ,最低要求一周做一次完整的备份 ,每天再做增量备份 ;至少一个月对备份介质做一次测试 ,以保证数据确实被正确的保存下来 ;重要气象资料数据… 相似文献
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从备份自动站数据文件的实际需要出发,通过实例由浅及深地介绍了用DOS批处理文件多目的地、多方式备份自动站数据的方法,包括本机备份、备份到局域网、备份到网络服务器以及自动备份等。 相似文献
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近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据1962~2010年中国160站的月平均气温资料、Ni?o3.4区海洋Ni?o指数(ONI)资料以及相应的NECP/NCAR再分析资料,采用相关分析、滑动相关分析、滑动t检验、合成分析等方法,探讨了最近50年中国冬季气温对ENSO响应的时空稳定性问题。结果表明:中国冬季气温异常对ENSO的响应有着显著的地域性差异以及年代际变化,其中东北和西南地区的相关关系不稳定度比较大,而在中国东部地区则比较稳定。东北与西南地区在20世纪70年代中后期以后,冬季气温对ENSO的响应迅速减弱,甚至发生了反向变化,而东部地区这种关系近50年并没有较强的突变。相应的亚洲高空大气环流对ENSO的响应也具有明显的空间差异和阶段性变化,其特征与中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应特征基本对应。从大气环流角度解释中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应发生阶段性减弱的可能机制:ENSO通过经向Hadley环流影响中高纬度大气环流,由于70年代中后期以后亚洲经向Hadley环流的下沉支发生显著减弱,使得东亚大气环流对ENSO的响应减弱,进而导致中国冬季气温对ENSO的响应减弱。 相似文献
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南半球西风指数变化与中国夏季降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据NCEP/NCAR提供的1950～2007年南半球12～2月、6～8月500 hPa位势高度的月平均再分析资料,采用合成分析方法讨论与中国夏季3类雨型相对应的南半球500 hPa距平高度场的分布特征;运用多变量方差分析方法确定12～2月和6～8月与3类雨型相对应的南半球西风指数波动关键区A;分析关键区A的西风波动与中国夏季降水之间的关系;寻找南、北半球西风相互作用影响中国夏季降水分布的可能途径。分析表明,6～8月与3类雨型相对应的南半球500 hPa距平高度场显示出不同的距平分布形式,并存在显著差异区在（35°N～50°N,35°E～80°E）。12～2月南半球的西风指数变化关键区A在22.5°W～2.5°W,6～8月关键区A在10°E～55°E。南半球关键区A的西风指数强弱变化与中国夏季降水的关系密切,且12~2月南半球的西风波动对北半球夏季关键区的西风环流的变化有预测意义,而前期南半球关键区A的平均西风指数与北半球夏季高度场的显著负相关区在贝加尔湖。南、北半球大气环流经向传播是两半球西风相互作用的可能途径,前期南半球的异常西风使夏季贝加尔湖的平均槽强度变化,进而造成北半球关键区的西风环流异常,从而影响中国夏季雨型的分布。 相似文献
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该文利用2010—2019年4—8月遵义13个国家站逐时地面降水观测资料,从年变化、月变化、日变化以及空间分布等多个角度进行统计,从不同等级雨强的时空分布进行分析,初步得出了遵义短时强降水事件的时空分布特征:①从短时强降水总频次的空间分布上看,东部发生频次较其余地区高;4月,发生频次地区差异小;5—8月,地区差异大。②从月分布来看,短时强降水高频中心有如下变化:4月集中在东北部、5月在南部和东南部、6月西移北抬到西部和中部、7月西移南压到西部和南部、8月东北移至东北部,高频中心的变化和副热带高压的南北位移有很好的对应。③从年分布来看,短时强降水事件平均每年发生49次,最多的是65次(2019年),最少的是33次(2017年)。4—6月事件频次迅速增加,6月到达峰值,6—8月事件频次开始逐渐减少,74.1%的短时强降水事件发生在夏季,尤其以6月份居多。④从日变化来看,08—13时短时强降水事件发生频次逐渐减少,13时达到一日中最低值,13—07时事件发生频次逐渐增加,有3个峰值,17—19时、20—22时和01—07时,期间有2个短暂的间歇期。4—7月白天平均发生频次较夜间少,8月反之。⑤6—8月是较高等级短时强降水事件的高发季节,尤其以6月份居多,但统计个例中≥70 mm/h的雨强却是在5月份出现。 相似文献
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Improving the adaptive capacity of small-scale irrigation systems to the impacts of climate change is crucial for food security in Asia. This study analyzes the capacity of small-scale irrigation systems dependent on the Asian monsoon to adapt to variability in river discharge caused by climate change. Our study is motivated by the Pumpa irrigation system, a small-scale irrigation system located in Nepal that is a model for this type of system. We developed an agent-based model in which we simulated the decisions farmers make about the irrigation strategy to use according to available water flow. Given the uncertainty associated with how climate change may affect the Asian monsoon, we simulated the performance of the system under different projections of climate change in the region (increase and decrease in rainfall, reduction and expansion of the monsoon season, and changes in the timing of the onset of the monsoon). Accordingly to our simulations, farmers might need to adapt to rainfall intensification and a late onset in the monsoon season. The demands for collective action among farmers (e.g. infrastructure repair, meetings, decisions, etc.) might increase considerably due to climate change. Although our model suggests that investment in new infrastructure might increase the performance of the system under some climate change scenarios, the high inequality among farmers when water availability is reduced might hinder the efficiency of these measures due to a reduction of farmers’ willingness to cooperate. Our modeling exercise helps to hypothesize about the most sensitive climate change scenarios for smallscale irrigation farming in Nepal and helps to frame a discussion of some possible solutions and fundamental trade-offs in the process of adaptation to improve for food and water security under climate change. 相似文献
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Sudden disruptions, or shocks, to food production can adversely impact access to and trade of food commodities. Seafood is the most traded food commodity and is globally important to human nutrition. The seafood production and trade system is exposed to a variety of disruptions including fishery collapses, natural disasters, oil spills, policy changes, and aquaculture disease outbreaks, aquafeed resource access and price spikes. The patterns and trends of these shocks to fisheries and aquaculture are poorly characterized and this limits the ability to generalize or predict responses to political, economic, and environmental changes. We applied a statistical shock detection approach to historic fisheries and aquaculture data to identify shocks over the period 1976–2011. A complementary case study approach was used to identify possible key social and political dynamics related to these shocks. The lack of a trend in the frequency or magnitude of the identified shocks and the range of identified causes suggest shocks are a common feature of these systems which occur due to a variety, and often multiple and simultaneous, causes. Shocks occurred most frequently in the Caribbean and Central America, the Middle East and North Africa, and South America, while the largest magnitude shocks occurred in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Shocks also occurred more frequently in aquaculture systems than in capture systems, particularly in recent years. In response to shocks, countries tend to increase imports and experience decreases in supply. The specific combination of changes in trade and supply are context specific, which is highlighted through four case studies. Historical examples of shocks considered in this study can inform policy for responding to shocks and identify potential risks and opportunities to build resilience in the global food system. 相似文献
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利用1961—2015年中国西北地区274个气象观测站点的日降水数据和再分析大气资料,采用EOF分析及累积距平等方法,研究了近55 a中国西北地区夏季降水的时空演变特征。结果表明：1）1961—2015年中国西北地区夏季降水的演变可分为三个时段,1961—1975年,该区域降水普遍偏少;1976—1996年,西北地区的东部降水偏多,西部降水偏少;1997—2015年,其东部降水偏少,而西部降水偏多。2）1976—1996年,西北地区东部降水偏多,是因为该地区夏季降水强度和降水频次明显增加,而西部降水偏少,则是该区域小雨与中雨的频次减少,降水强度偏弱造成的;1997—2015年,由于有效降水日数减少,降水强度偏弱等原因导致西北地区东部降水偏少,与此同时,西北地区的西部却因降水强度明显增强,持续降水日数和极端降水事件增加使得该区域降水呈现偏多的态势。3）降水区的转移,伴随着北半球对流层中层中纬度波列的演变,同时来自东欧与印度季风的水汽输送也对降水的异常起到了关键作用。 相似文献
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基于自然的解决方案：中国应对气候变化领域的政策进展、问题与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于自然的解决方案（NbS）在应对气候变化领域的重要作用日益受到国际社会的关注。本文将NbS在应对气候变化领域的生态系统划分为森林、草地、农田、湿地、海洋、城市,采用传统环境政策工具分类,将六大生态系统的政策工具划分为命令控制型、经济激励型、自愿参与型三类。在此基础上,梳理构建NbS在我国应对气候变化领域的政策框架。结果表明,我国初步形成了以命令控制型政策为主,重视通过经济激励型政策引导,并逐步完善自愿参与型政策的NbS政策体系。然而,NbS在我国应对气候变化领域的政策仍存在诸多问题,包括NbS尚未成为应对气候变化的主流措施、缺乏自上而下的管理机制、未形成理论与实践的有机统一、资金来源单一、技术支撑和能力建设薄弱、公众参与度有待进一步加强等。为发挥NbS在我国应对气候变化领域的潜力,建议将NbS纳入我国下阶段国家自主贡献更新文件中,争取提出有关NbS的定量承诺,推动NbS成为应对气候变化的主流措施,构建自上而下的管理机制,建立多元化的资金投入机制,加强从理论到实践、从路径到政策的研究,提升能力保障和公众参与度。 相似文献
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喀什市1952-2006年日照时数时间变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阿布都克日木&#;阿巴司 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2008,2(3):22-24
利用喀什市1952--2006年日照时数实测资料,分析了喀什市日照时数年代际、年际和各季的气候变化特征,并根据喀什市的降水资料及总、低云量资料,对照时数减少的成因做了分析。结果表明：近55a来喀什市的年、季日照时数均呈减少趋势。各季减少的气候倾向率不同,减少幅度最多的是夏季,最少的是秋季。 相似文献
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Harriet Bulkeley JoAnn Carmin Vanesa Castán Broto Gareth A.S. Edwards Sara Fuller 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):914-925
Ever since climate change came to be a matter of political concern, questions of justice have been at the forefront of academic and policy debates in the international arena. Curiously, as attention has shifted to other sites and scales of climate change politics matters of justice have tended to be neglected. In this paper, we examine how discourses of justice are emerging within urban responses to climate change. Drawing on a database of initiatives taking place in 100 global cities and qualitative case-study research in Philadelphia, Quito and Toronto, we examine how notions of distributive and procedural justice are articulated in climate change projects and plans in relation to both adaptation and mitigation. We find that there is limited explicit concern with justice at the urban level. However, where discourses of justice are evident there are important differences emerging between urban responses to adaptation and mitigation, and between those in the north and in the south. Adaptation responses tend to stress the distribution of ‘rights’ to protection, although those in the South also stress the importance of procedural justice. Mitigation responses also stress ‘rights’ to the benefits of responding to climate change, with limited concern for ‘responsibilities’ or for procedural justice. Intriguingly, while adaptation responses tend to stress the rights of individuals, we also find discourses of collective rights emerging in relation to mitigation. 相似文献
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Multiple exposures and dynamic vulnerability: Evidence from the grape industry in the Okanagan Valley, Canada 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
This paper assesses the vulnerability of grape growers and winery operators in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia to climate variability and change, in the context of other sources of risk. Through interviews and focus groups, producers identified the climatic and non-climatic risks relevant to them and the strategies employed to manage these risks. The results show that the presence of multiple exposures affects the way in which producers are vulnerable to climate change. Producers are vulnerable to conditions that not only affect crop yield, but also affect their ability to compete in or sell to the market. Their sensitivity to these conditions is influenced in part by institutional factors such as trade liberalization and a “markup-free delivery” policy. Producers’ ability to adapt or cope with these risks varies depending on such factors as the availability of resources and technology, and access to government programmes. Producers will likely face challenges associated with the supply of water for irrigation due to a combination of climatic changes and changing demographics in the Okanagan Valley, which in turn affect their ability to adapt to climatic conditions. Finally, adaptations made by producers can change the nature of the operation and its vulnerability, demonstrating the dynamic nature of vulnerability. 相似文献