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1.
Sustaining the human ecological benefits of surface water requires carefully planned strategies for reducing the cumulative
risks posed by diverse human activities. Municipal governments in Aksaray City play a key role in developing solutions to
surface water management and protection problems. The responsibility to provide drinking water and sewage works, regulate
the use of private land, and protect public health provides the mandate and authority to take action. A large part of Aksaray
City uses Mamasın dam water as its primary source for drinking water. Several point sources of contamination may result from
direct wastewater discharges from Melendiz and Karasu rivers, which recharge the Mamasın dam watershed. Relevant studies were
carried out for monitoring the eutrophication process, which usually occurs in the static water mass of the Mamasın dam lake.
This process may be caused by the continual increase in nutrients and decrease of O2 levels, causing anaerobic conditions. Stimulated algae growth in these water bodies consequently reduces water quality. Hydrochemical
parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts
on the Mamasın dam drinking water reservoir. 相似文献
2.
Application of neural network and MODIS 250m imagery for estimating suspended sediments concentration in Hangzhou Bay,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Suspended sediments concentration (SSC) in surface water derived from bottom sediment resuspension or discharge of sediment-laden
rivers is an important indication of coastal water quality and changes rapidly in high-energy coastal area. Since artificial
neural networks (ANN) had been proven successful in modeling a variety of geophysical transfer functions, an ANN model to
simulate the relationship between surface water SSC and satellite-received radiances was employed. In situ SSC measurements
from the Hangzhou Bay and the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m daily products were adopted in this
study. Significant correlations were observed between in situ measurements and band 1–2 reflectance values of MODIS images,
respectively. Results indicated that application of ANN model with one hidden layer appeared to yield superior simulation
performance (r
2 = 0.98; n = 25) compared with regression analysis method. The RMSE for the ANN model was less than 10%, whereas the RMSE for the regression
analysis was more than 25%. Results also showed that different tidal situations affect the model simulation results to some
extent. The SSC of surface water in Hangzhou Bay is high and changes rapidly due to tidal flood and ebb during a tidal cycle.
The combined utilization of Terra and Aqua MODIS data can capture the tidal cycle induced dynamic of surface water SSC. This
study demonstrated that MODIS 250 m daily products and ANN model are useful for monitoring surface SSC dynamic within high-energy
coastal water environments. 相似文献
3.
韩家哨村位于河北滦县李家屿灰场北部谷地,地势低于灰场,距离约800m。灰场运行期间,该区地下水出现水位升高及水质变差等问题。本文从水文地质条件角度,详细研究灰水的运移途径及其对该区地下水的影响。韩家哨村区域地下水系统分为上层滞水和孔隙一裂隙（溶隙）潜水含水层系统。潜水含水层系统水力传导系数为172．6～203．4m^2／d。地下水补给主要来源于韩家哨村以南坝后地形较高区域及灰水。灰水渗漏优势区韩家哨村南部宽约200m的带状区域。灰场堆灰形成新的地下水分水岭致使灰水在20副坝坝前垂直下渗进入风化带,沿白云岩裂隙（溶隙）补给潜水含水层,并向韩家哨村区域流动补给孔隙含水层,改变后的潜水部分通过民井向外排泄。 相似文献
4.
Sammen Saad Sh. Mohamed T. A. Ghazali A. H. Sidek L. M. El-Shafie A. 《Natural Hazards》2017,87(1):545-566
The study of dam-break analysis is considered important to predict the peak discharge during dam failure. This is essential to assess economic, social and environmental impacts downstream and to prepare the emergency response plan. Dam breach parameters such as breach width, breach height and breach formation time are the key variables to estimate the peak discharge during dam break. This study presents the evaluation of existing methods for estimation of dam breach parameters. Since all of these methods adopt regression analysis, uncertainty analysis of these methods becomes necessary to assess their performance. Uncertainty was performed using the data of more than 140 case studies of past recorded failures of dams, collected from different sources in the literature. The accuracy of the existing methods was tested, and the values of mean absolute relative error were found to be ranging from 0.39 to 1.05 for dam breach width estimation and from 0.6 to 0.8 for dam failure time estimation. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was recommended as an alternate method for estimation of dam breach parameters. The ANN method is proposed due to its accurate prediction when it was applied to similar other cases in water resources.
相似文献5.
Glacial hazards in the Rolwaling valley of Nepal and numerical approach to predict potential outburst flood from glacial lake 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Badri Bhakta Shrestha Hajime Nakagawa Kenji Kawaike Yasuyuki Baba Hao Zhang 《Landslides》2013,10(3):299-313
In recent years, climate change and retreating glaciers constitute a major hazard in the Himalaya of South Asia. Glacial lakes are rapidly developing or increasing due to climate change. The rapid development of the lake may cause outburst of the lake. The outburst discharge from the glacial lake can cause catastrophic flooding and disaster in downstream area. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of climate change on glacial lakes and to understand the characteristics of the glacial lake outburst. In this study, the field assessment of Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake in the Himalaya of Nepal has been presented and the impact of climate change on this glacial lake has been discussed. The Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake is the largest and most potentially dangerous glacial lake in Nepal. In addition, a numerical model has been also developed for computing the characteristics of glacial lake outburst due to moraine dam failure by seepage and water overtopping. The numerical model is tested for the flume experimental cases. The simulated results of the outburst discharge, the dam surface erosion, and the temporal variation of the moisture movement in the dam are compared with those obtained from the hydraulic model experiments. The moisture profile calculated by numerical model was agreeable with the experimental moisture profile. The simulated failure surface of the dam due to seepage by considering the suction in slope stability analysis gave more agreeable results than the Janbu's simplified method. The results of the outburst discharge and dam surface erosion also agreed with the experimental results. 相似文献
6.
Forecasting of groundwater level in hard rock region using artificial neural network 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In hardrock terrain where seasonal streams are not perennial source of freshwater, increase in ground water exploitation has
already resulted here in declining ground water levels and deteriorating its’ quality. The aquifer system has shown signs
of depletion and quality contamination. Thus, to secure water for the future, water resource estimation and management has
urgently become the need of the hour. In order to manage groundwater resources, it is vital to have a tool to predict the
aquifer response for a given stress (abstraction and recharge). Artificial neural network (ANN) has surfaced as a proven and
potential methodology to forecast the groundwater levels. In this paper, Feed-Forward Network based ANN model is used as a
method to predict the groundwater levels. The models are trained with the inputs collected from field and then used as prediction
tool for various scenarios of stress on aquifer. Such predictions help in developing better strategies for sustainable development
of groundwater resources. 相似文献
7.
8.
Dams constructed on the seismically active regions have a high-risk potential for downstream life and property. Strong ground
motion can result in instability of the dam and strength loss of foundation. Active faults within the foundation of dam have
the potential to cause damaging displacement of the structures. Appropriate design measures should be considered to obtain
rational solution to the problem of catastrophic release of water from the reservoir, and especially to resist earthquake
loads. Safety concerns for dams under the earthquake loads involve the seismic hazard evaluation of dam site for the overall
stability of structure. Various types of analyses can be used, ranging from a simplified analysis to more complex procedures
based on ground motion parameters and response spectra. This paper briefly evaluates seismic hazard analyses for dam structures,
and introduces the analyses for thirty-six dams with height ranging from 15 to 195 m in Kızılırmak basin, Turkey. The seismic
hazard analyses have indicated that peak ground acceleration varies within a wide range (0.09–0.45 g) for the dam sites of
the basin. 相似文献
9.
Groundwater flow modeling and particle tracking for chemical transport in the southern Voltaian aquifers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sandow Mark Yidana 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(4):709-721
Groundwater is the major source of water supply for most uses in the rural settlements in Ghana. A groundwater flow model
was calibrated for some aquifers of the southern Voltaian sedimentary system under steady-state conditions. The objective
was to determine estimates of the hydraulic conductivities of the different hydrostratigraphic units of the southern Voltaian,
and the distribution of recharge from precipitation. Data on the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen from the study area
suggest that groundwater recharge in the area is from rainfall. The calibrated steady-state model suggests that aquifer hydraulic
conductivities in the study area range from 1.19 to 6.3 m/day. Hydrostratigraphic unit specific hydraulic conductivities are
discussed. The calibrated recharge ranges from 3.81e−05 m/day to 6.0e−04 m/day, which represents 0.9–6% of the precipitation
in the form of rainfall. Six distinct flowpaths have been defined using particle tracking. The particle tracking simulation
suggests travel times in the range of 380 to 5,199 years from recharge areas to discharge areas along the flowpaths identified.
A contaminant dropped at the recharge areas in the central sections of the model area would travel at these rates along the
flowpaths, assuming that advection is the dominant transport process. Inverse geochemical modeling indicates the dissolution
of albite, K-feldspars and anorthite, respectively, along flowpaths I and IV. The inverse modeling along flowpaths I and IV
suggest the dissolution of albite, K-feldspar and anorthite, respectively, at 1.085e−06, 3.16e−08 and 3.168e−07 mmol/year. 相似文献
10.
11.
将人工神经网络(ANN)技术引入到地下水含水量预测工作,以华北平原和河套平原为试验场,以若干已知钻孔为验证,采用激电和电阻率测深等地面物探方法获取视电阻率ρS、视极化率ηS、半衰时Th、衰减度D和偏离度σ等参数为输入神经元对单孔单位涌水量建立人工神经网络预测模型。同时,为消除不同地区矿化度的影响,通过实验对比引入综合参数T",改良了输入神经元的配比。最终建立以半衰时Th、衰减度D、偏离度σ和综合参数T"为输入神经元的含水量预测模型,进一步提高了预测精度。通过检验,发现所建立的模型对平原地区进行含水量的定量预测有着较好的效果,为含水量预测工作研究与发展带来了新理念、打开了新思路。 相似文献
12.
Predicting groundwater level of wells in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq using artificial neural network 
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下载免费PDF全文 Al-Mansourieh zone is a part of Al-Khalis City within the province of Diyala and located in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq with a total area about 830 km2.Groundwater is the main water source for agriculture in this zone.Random well drilling without geological and hydraulic information has led the most of these wells to dry up quickly.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate the levels of groundwater in wells through observed data.In this study,Alyuda NeroIntelligance 2.1 software was applied to predict the groundwater levels in 244 wells using sets of measured data.These data included the coordinates of wells(x,y),elevations,well depth,discharge and groundwater levels.Three ANN structures(5-3-3-1,5-10-10-1 and 5-11-11-1)were used to predict the groundwater levels and to acquire the best matching between the measured and ANN predicted values.The coefficient of correlation,coefficient determination(R2)and sum-square error(SSE)were used to evaluate the performance of the ANN models.According to the ANN results,the model with the three structures has a good predictability and proves more effective for determining groundwater level in wells.The best predictor was achieved in the structure 5-3-3-1,with R2 about 0.92,0.89,0.84 and 0.91 in training,validation,testing and all processes respectively.The minimum average error in the best predictor is achieved in validation and testing processes at about 0.130 and 0.171 respectively.On the other hand,the results indicated that the model has the potential to determine the appropriate places for drilling the wells to obtain the highest level of groundwater. 相似文献
13.
A lumped-parameter model of groundwater balance is proposed that permits an estimate of discharge variability in comparison
with the variability of recharge, by taking into account the influence of aquifer parameters. Recharge–discharge relationships
are analysed with the model for cases of deterministic and stochastic recharge time-series variations. The model is applied
to study the temporal variability of groundwater discharge in a river valley in the territory of Tajikistan, an independent
republic in Central Asia.
Received, April 1996 Revised, August 1997 Accepted, March 1998 相似文献
14.
本文采用TOUGH2数值模拟软件,根据研究区对井在预设情景下运转30年的模拟结果,对河南省延津县下新近系热储层压力场、温度场进行模拟,在模型验证的基础上,对不同回灌率及不同采灌井间距工况进行模拟研究,结果显示:回灌井的回灌过程会使地下水水温降低,回灌时间越长水温降低幅度越大,影响范围也越大,根据模拟抽水井和回灌井不同间距条件下(55 m、150 m、250 m、300 m)温度场变化情况,建议区域下新近系地层地热回灌项目抽水井和回灌井间距应大于等于250m,以保证抽水井出水温度;而不同回灌率工况下分析化学场和压力场的模拟数据可以看出,回灌率越大,地热水水质、压力影响越大,基本呈线性关系。为区域地热资源回灌-开采提供示范和指导。 相似文献
15.
Geochemical modeling was employed to estimate the chemistry of water infiltrating into abandoned underground flooded and unflooded coalmines of the Uniontown syncline, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. This was done to help evaluate factors governing the long-term evolution of coalmine discharge water quality in the Uniontown syncline area. The subsurface structure and lithology was delineated using borehole, mine shaft, and stratigraphic information. Hydrogeologic analyses indicated that most of the recharge to mine voids occurs in the zones of shallow overburden cover of less than 20 m in thickness. The water–rock contact period in the recharge areas of the overburden was estimated to be 5 days or greater for the flooded mines, and a day or less for the unflooded mines. Flow-through reaction-path models were applied to the topsoil and shale–sandstone lithological units identified in the recharge areas. The model predicted water entering the flooded mines at a pH of 6.65, alkalinity of 6.92 mequiv. l–1 and a total sulfate concentration of 7.33 mM, and the unflooded mines at a pH of 6.68, alkalinity of 6.99 mequiv. l–1 and a total sulfate concentration of 3.08 mM. The model predictions for the flooded and unflooded mines are consistent with groundwater data from the study site, indicating the usefulness of this approach in evaluating the contribution of overburden chemistry to the evolution of mine discharge quality. 相似文献
16.
The aim of the study is to investigate the interaction between waters of Lake Girdev and groundwater in the allochthonous
limestone units exposed in the area between Lake Girdev and Kazanpınarı Spring, southwestern Turkey. The features analyzed
include the flow direction and apparent groundwater velocity, their relationship with Lake Girdev, and the effect of lithological
and structural features on the groundwater circulation. The results of a fluorescein tracer test indicate that groundwater
flows east-northeast and the apparent flow velocity ranges from 26.2 to 35.6 m h–1 between the injection site and various observation points. Tritium data suggest that the water of Lake Girdev and groundwater
are probably similar in age, and oxygen-18 isotope data indicate that water derived from Lake Girdev is the main source of
recharge to the aquifer. The aquifer is fed not only by Lake Girdev but also by rainfall percolating through allochthonous
limestones; together, these provide the discharge of springs in Elmalı Polje. The permeability of the allochthonous limestone
aquifer has been enhanced as a result of jointing and faulting.
Received, June 1997 / Revised, June 1998, March 1999 / Accepted, July 1999 相似文献
17.
Groundwater flow in the Leon-Chinandega aquifer was simulated using transient and steady-state numerical models. This unconfined aquifer is located in an agricultural plain in northwest Nicaragua. Previous studies were restricted to determining groundwater availability for irrigation, overlooking the impacts of groundwater development. A sub-basin was selected to study the groundwater flow system and the effects of groundwater development using a numerical groundwater flow model (Visual MODFLOW). Hydrological parameters obtained from pumping tests were related to each hydrostratigraphic unit to assign the distribution of parameter values within each model layer. River discharge measurements were crucial for constraining recharge estimates and reducing the non-uniqueness of the model calibration. Steady-state models have limited usefulness because of the major variation of recharge and agricultural pumping during the wet and dry seasons. Model results indicate that pumping induces a decrease in base flow, depleting river discharge. This becomes critical during dry periods, when irrigation is highest. Transient modeling indicates that the response time of the aquifer is about one hydrologic year, which allows the development of management strategies within short time horizons. Considering further development of irrigated agriculture in the area, the numerical model can be a powerful tool for water resources management. 相似文献
18.
Prediction of water quality from simple field parameters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Water quality parameters like temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), oil and grease, etc., are calculated from the field while parameters like biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are interpreted through the laboratory tests. On one hand parameters like temperature, pH, DO, etc., can be accurately measured with the exceeding simplicity, whereas on the other hand calculation of BOD and COD is not only cumbersome but also inaccurate many times. A number of previous researchers have tried to use different empirical methods to predict BOD and COD but these empirical methods have their limitations due to their less versatile application. In this paper, an attempt has been made to calculate BOD and COD from simple field parameters like temperature, pH, DO, TSS, etc., using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. Datasets have been obtained from analysis of mine water discharge of one of the mines in Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand, India. 73 data sets were used to establish ANN architecture out of which 58 datasets were used to train the network while 15 datasets for testing the network. The results show encouraging similarity between experimental and predicted values. The RMSE values obtained for the BOD and COD are 0.114 and 0.983 %, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Induced recharge at new dam sites—Sana’a Basin, Yemen 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ahmed Mohamed Alderwish 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2010,3(3):283-293
In approaching the task of developing recharge estimates for dam sites, several constraints are apparent, including the scarcity of site-specific data for the selected new sites and the availability of simple yet robust analysis techniques. Combined, these constraints require an approach which involves best use of available data, adoption of relatively simple analytical approximations of reality, and the adoption of several key assumptions. In arid country with limited resources, two simple techniques have been used for recharge estimation: (1) a simple water balance model in spreadsheet and (2) a more refined Darcian approach involving an analytical approximation of a flow-net solution. By applying the two models at three new dam sites, the amount of recharge rates calculated over the period 2007–2026 was close. This is because, despite Darcian approach that should have affected the recharge rate as other parameters were introduced in the calculation of q t , e.g., groundwater table mound, reservoir water height, etc., the results show general agreement between the two methods which seem to validate the assumptions made in both methods. A general conclusion of this comparison is that the hydraulic conductivity (K) is the main determining factor in recharge calculations in these situations. The water balance model was used to estimate recharge at Wadi Bahaman, under gravity and cascade dams’ scenarios. Using gravity dam at Wadi Bahaman for groundwater recharge proved not suitable based on the relatively small predicted runoff from a small catchment area and geological concerns in the abutment areas. Instead, a series of three low check dams (2 to 4 m high) was proposed. These check dams will slow down the runoff flow, form small reservoirs, and enhance recharge along the valley, without requiring expensive foundations. Estimated groundwater recharge under cascade dams (141,407 m3/year) is greater than recharge estimated for gravity dam (103,853 m3/year) by at least 36%. 相似文献
20.
Natural and artificial recharge investigation in the Zéroud Basin,Central Tunisia: impact of Sidi Saad Dam storage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sarra Bel Hadj Salem Najiba Chkir Kamel Zouari Anne Laure Cognard-Plancq Vincent Valles Vincent Marc 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1099-1110
Hydrochemical and isotopic data of waters from the Zéroud aquifer have been used to potentially provide a means for locating occurrences and to trace movements of a variety of natural and anthropogenic recharge waters in the Zéroud Basin, Central Tunisia. Geochemical data have been measured during the dam water release, from May to September 2005, with a sampling time step of 15 days. An implication of dam water has been demonstrated that is noticeable up along the main flow path to a distance of 10 km far from the injection site. Environmental isotopes 2H, 18O and 3H of water molecule were studied to investigate the effect of dam water on the hydrological system, and an isotope balance was established to compute the contribution of water storage component in groundwater. Based on isotopic mass balance, we assess that an average of 13% of total groundwater in the upper aquifer came from dam water storage. Three distinctive recharge waters in the aquifer can be determined. Water from local rainfall (pre-dam Zéroud River) that infiltrated into the boundaries of the Draa Affane Mountain was easily distinguished from the water influenced by anthropogenic recharge located in the Zéroud right rivulet. Distinguishable isotopic signatures of native wadi Zéroud recharge due to “recent lineal recharge” through the riverbed were also identified. 相似文献