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运用层序地层原理,通过岩心和测井资料的综合分析,对新疆准东煤田西黑山勘查区西山窑组进行了层序地层研究,识别出3个体系域-）-低位、湖扩和高位体系域,并进一步进行了高频层序单元的划分。在层序地层格架的约束下,分析了西山窑组沉积体系的配置关系,识别出辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积体系,进而细分为4个亚相和8个微相类型。同时,对煤岩样品进行了煤质分析和显微组分定量统计,确定了研究区煤相类型主要为潮湿森林沼泽相和干燥森林沼泽相。该区煤相的垂向演化规律受湖平面升降变化所控制,而湖平面的升降受层序地层格架的约束,在不同体系域中湖平面的变化控制泥炭沼泽的发育,从而决定了煤质煤相的演化规律。 相似文献
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西藏阿里札达盆地上新世-早更新世河湖相地层层序地层分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据札达盆地河湖相剖面地层岩性、粒度、沉积构造、古生物等反映的沉积岩相,以及不整合面等沉积特征,可将札达盆地上新世—早更新世河湖相地层,初步划分为两个三级层序(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。层序Ⅰ代表上新统地层层序,并进一步区分出退积准层序组和进积准层序组。对应上新世湖相沉积由低位体系域—湖泊扩张体系域—湖泊收缩体系域的演化,反映湖泊由源区水系冲积亚相—滨湖三角洲亚相—滨浅湖亚相—半深湖亚相—滨浅湖亚相的湖泊,由扩张到萎缩的一个完整的发展演化旋回。层序II代表下更新统地层层序,反映一个盆地受构造和气候(冰期—间冰期)双重控制的夭折型冰湖形成演化的由冰水冲积相到冰湖沉积相的不完整沉积旋回,为青藏高原新近系上新统与第四系的研究与划分提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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湖平面相对升降对断陷湖盆充填过程影响的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数值模拟工作的研究对象多为海相被动大陆边缘盆地, 湖平面相对升降对盆地充填过程影响的数值模拟尚处于起步阶段.根据松辽断陷盆地的充填特征, 采用数值模拟方法, 模拟了在湖平面总体上升背景下, 3个湖平面变化周期的断陷湖盆充填特征.在模拟过程中, 假定构造沉降和碎屑供应为常数, 湖平面升降为一正弦函数.模拟结果表明: (1) 每一个湖平面升降周期形成一个相应的层序, 在湖平面升降周期的极小值点形成层序界面; (2) 湖平面升降规模直接控制了所发育的层序规模, 所模拟的3个湖平面升降周期中, 第二周期湖平面升降规模较大, 所形成的层序的分布范围及厚度均较大; (3) 湖平面升降所形成的沉积层序要很好地保存下来, 必须具备以下条件: ①湖平面保持总体上升, 在总体上升的背景上叠加次一级的湖平面升降; ②在湖平面发生周期性变化的同时, 叠加盆地基底的沉降.在具备上述条件下所得到的模拟结果与实际剖面吻合较好. 相似文献
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陆相断陷盆地湖平面变化曲线与层序地层学框架模式讨论 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
陆相断陷盆地形成于控凹断层长期稳定的下沉过程中，因此，湖平面的升降变化主要是受控凹断层的活动速率与活动特点、海侵及气候的控制。由于控凹断层活动的幕式性与阶段性，以及突发的海侵事件，导致湖平面升降变化轨迹为两段折线式，即快速的湖侵与缓慢的湖退。在一个湖平面升降旋回过程中，形成了下部的湖侵体系域和上部的湖退体系域，可称之为T-R旋回沉积层序。层序的边界可能是由于幕式性的构造活动所反映出的局部的沉积间断与缺失，或者是由于突发性的海侵而造成的“沉没”。很显然，这种T-R旋回层序地层学格架模式缺乏大面积的暴露而形成的Ⅰ型层序边界。在其内部的构成上，由于没有明显的侵蚀不整合，也难以将“低位体系域”和“高位体系域”区分开。尤其是在湖盆萎缩或“低位期”，湖水退至湖盆中心，水体较浅，很难形成“低位期”的湖底扇。 相似文献
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通过对青藏高原沱沱河盆地五道梁组湖相沉积环境的分析,尝试通过湖相沉积地层记录提取气候变化信息,探索高原腹地中新世古环境变化特点。通过对五道梁组岩石类型及沉积特征研究,识别出了洪积平原、浅湖、滨湖、深湖及盐湖5个沉积相类型。参考现代湖泊特征与古代研究实例,探讨了研究区湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积机制。根据剖面岩相标志及地层叠置样式,证实五道梁组沉积期古湖泊经历了3次由低水位变为高水位的旋回性变化,湖泊最低水位期以石膏层的出现为标志,高水位期发育洪泛泥岩沉积;初步认为五道梁组沉积发育在一个干湿交替的气候期,湖水位变化和湖平面升降主要受气候控制,而构造沉降和湖缘断块隆升是次要控制因素。 相似文献
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陆相层序地层学若干问题的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陆相地层的层序地层学研究一直是各国地质学家关注的焦点之一。本文主要讨论了陆相层序的控制因素，认为陆相层序的主控因素是构造升降、气候波动、沉积物的供应和充填速率而不是湖平面的升降，它们的综合作用影响着基准面的升降，湖平面的变化只是这种作用的表现形式；同时讨论了古土壤作为层序边界的意义，得出煤层不能作为层序边界的结论；并提出河流冲积体系域（AFS）的概念，建议对于湖泊沉积体系使用扩展体系域（EST）和萎缩体系域（RST）。 相似文献
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受周期性湖平面升降控制的冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系--柴达木盆地阿尔金山前西段干柴沟组 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
柴达木盆地阿尔金山前西段第三纪湖盆边缘斜坡带的渐新统和中新统表现为扇三角洲-湖泊与冲积扇-湖泊两种沉积体系的交替叠复。其形成归因于湖平面的周期性升降变化。沉积层序分析表明,湖平面变化控制了两种层序,湖面高位层序由扇三角洲-湖泊体系各序列组成;湖面低位层序则包含了冲积扇-湖泊体系各序列的内容。作者分析了在湖平面升降控制下湖泊边缘碎屑沉积体系的特点。 相似文献
9.
以露头剖面层序地层研究为基础,结合少量钻、测井资料及前人研究成果,分析了准噶尔盆地南缘中下侏罗统含煤层系的层序地层发育特征和聚煤控制因素。准噶尔盆地南缘中下侏罗统含煤层系为1个完整的二级构造层序,内部发育4个三级层序,12个体系域。研究结果表明,弱伸展、缓慢沉降的古构造背景和温湿还原的古气候条件是中下侏罗统成煤的基本条件;二级构造层序相对湖平面变化和三级层序相对湖平面变化速率是聚煤的主控因素。露头出露厚度大、横向分布稳定的工业可采煤层均发育于高位体系域。SQ1沉积时期,二级构造层序的相对湖平面下降,古潜水面整体偏低,煤层主要发育于三级层序相对湖平面上升速率适中的高位体系域下部;SQ3沉积时期为早中侏罗世的最大洪泛期,二级构造层序的相对湖平面上升至最高点,煤层主要发育于三级层序相对湖平面下降且下降速率适中的高位体系域中上部。 相似文献
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以露头剖面层序地层研究为基础,结合少量钻、测井资料及前人研究成果,分析了准噶尔盆地南缘中下侏罗统含煤层系的层序地层发育特征和聚煤控制因素。准噶尔盆地南缘中下侏罗统含煤层系为1个完整的二级构造层序,内部发育4个三级层序,12个体系域。研究结果表明,弱伸展、缓慢沉降的古构造背景和温湿还原的古气候条件是中下侏罗统成煤的基本条件;二级构造层序相对湖平面变化和三级层序相对湖平面变化速率是聚煤的主控因素。露头出露厚度大、横向分布稳定的工业可采煤层均发育于高位体系域。SQ1沉积时期,二级构造层序的相对湖平面下降,古潜水面整体偏低,煤层主要发育于三级层序相对湖平面上升速率适中的高位体系域下部;SQ3沉积时期为早中侏罗世的最大洪泛期,二级构造层序的相对湖平面上升至最高点,煤层主要发育于三级层序相对湖平面下降且下降速率适中的高位体系域中上部。 相似文献
11.
Wei Kuisheng Li Daliang Zhang Shoupeng Hao Yunqing Department of Energy Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing Du Zhenchuan Department of Energy Resomces Geology Hebei Technology University Handan Zong Guoho 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
INTRODUCTIONSequence stratigraphy, an efficient technique for both thebasin analysis and the prediction of hidden oil and gas reser-voir, was traced to seismic stratigraphy founded in l977, andnow has become a separate academic discipline after years ofamendments. In the 26th AAPG, the sedimentary se(1[I(>ncewas defined and the seismic stratigraphy technique was estaI)-lished to characterize and interpret seismic reflection scction.The sequence stratigraphy was emphasized to confirm and… 相似文献
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陆相伸展盆地的层序类型、结构和序列与充填模式--以冀中坳陷下第三系为例 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
陆相层序受自然地理景观、影响地层发育的地质营力及地层类型等因素影响,因此层序类型多种多样。在冀中坳陷同伸展期发育洪积层序、湖泊层序和冲积层序等三种层序类型。洪积层序是盆地伸展初期地貌反差较大物源供给充分气候干旱条件下发育的一种陆相层序类型,以冲积扇沉积为主,山高盆窄,汇水湖泊面积较小;湖泊层序发育在盆地强烈伸展基底快速沉降气候湿润湖泊水域宽深时期,湖泊水域宽,连通好,湖水深,是烃源岩发育的黄金时期。湖泊层序以湖泊沉积为主,其次为河流和少许冲积扇沉积。冲积层序是在盆地伸展末期地貌反差强度减弱物源距离逐渐加大时的沉积产物,主要为干旱气候条件下的河流、三角洲沉积,湖泊沉积局限。研究表明,影响陆相层序形成的构造、物源、气候等因素与湖泊水体或水平面变化构成一种多元“函数”关系,湖平面变化是上述因素的综合体现。陆相断陷盆地的层序结构大多与湖泊水体之间存在密切联系,因此层序的结构以三分为主。受地壳构造运动控制,断陷盆地发育的层序具有序列性,即下部洪积层序、中部湖泊层序和上部冲积层序。这种序列性是盆地充填对地壳幕式伸展的沉积响应。在盆地充填过程中,不同类型的陆相层序其体系域发育程度具有较大差异。一般地,洪积层序的低位域沉积? 相似文献
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川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
应用层序地层学方法将川西前陆盆地上三叠统划分为4个三级层序和12个体系域。在层序格架内，研究了不同时期的古地理背景、物源、沉积类型和沉积相展布，明确了上三叠统存在龙门山古陆、米仓山-大巴山古陆、康滇古陆、江南古陆4个物源，识别出上三叠统海湾、冲积扇、曲流河、辫状河、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、曲流河三角洲和湖泊8种沉积相类型。层序Ⅰ沉积时期，盆地处于海陆交互相向陆相转变的时期，整体具有填平补齐的沉积特征，发育海湾等沉积；层序Ⅱ沉积时期，川西前陆盆地成为统一的内陆湖盆，其湖侵期为须家河期最大的湖侵期，主要发育三角洲沉积和湖相沉积；层序Ⅲ沉积时期，米仓山-大巴山古陆提供充足的物源，在米仓山-大巴山两逆冲推覆带前缘广泛发育大型冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲沉积体系；层序Ⅳ沉积时期，主要受江南古陆的影响，发育三角洲沉积和湖泊沉积。整体上，川西前陆盆地沉积相带的展布格局受构造控制，具有平行构造带展布的特点。盆地西北部陡坡带发育粗粒的冲积扇、扇三角洲-湖底扇，西南部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲、北部-东北部陡坡带发育辫状河三角洲，而在东南部缓坡带则发育远源的曲流河、曲流河三角洲。 相似文献
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The Villanueva Complex is a lacustrine alluvial fan - fan delta system which accumulated on the northern margin of the Guadix Basin during the Pliocene. Five transitional zones can be distinguished from proximal to distal areas: proximal alluvial fan, mid-fan, fan fringe (transition zone), proximal fan delta and distal fan delta (lacustrine). This paper focuses on sedimentation in the fan fringe and the proximal fan delta areas, where the effects of fluctuations in the base level (lacustrine level) are more easily observed. The stratigraphical succession is here characterized by an alternation of fine lacustrine sediments (mudstones and siltstones) and gravels. The gravels appear as isolated channels, stacked channels, lenses and sheets. The isolated channels, which have a V-shaped profile and better developed wings towards the top, appear in the fan fringe zone and in the fan delta. The stacked channels originate in the fan fringe zone and evolve laterally and distally to isolated channels. The lenticular gravel bodies (lenses) are well represented throughout the fan delta and present small channels at the base, indicating a radial flow pattern. Finally, the sheets are characteristic of the fan fringe zone. The first episodes of channel incision occurred at lowstand lake level. The channels and lenses developed in rising lake level conditions, and sheet deposit took place at highstand lake level. Although the final form of the lithosome was heavily controlled by the fluctuations in lake level, it depended on the relative proportions of gravel and silt sedimentation. The gravel-siltstone interface therefore represents an equilibrium surface between the proportions of sedimentation of these lithologies. The bodies mentioned above are organized in coarsening and thickening upwards sequences tens of metres thick, in which a distal to proximal evolution can be observed from isolated channels to lenses or from stacked channels to sheets. The building and thickness of these sequences were controlled by fluctuations in the lake level. An initial fall in base level caused lengthening of the channels and entrenchment from distal to proximal areas, and a continuous increase in supply due to erosion in the drainage basin installed on the subaerial fan. When the lake level rose, lobes were formed at the channel endings and overbank processes were made possible, thus generating radial channels, whose levees were formed by amalgamation with the levees of the main lens channels. At the same time, sheets were formed in proximal areas, where the available amount of sediment was greater. 相似文献
15.
辽河盆地西部凹陷沙河街组西八千扇体 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
利用丰富的钻井、测井、地震等资料，以层序地层学理论为指导，将辽河断陷西部凹陷发育的老第三系沙河街组划分为3个层序7个体系域，并以体系域为单元描述西八千扇体的沉积体系类型、沉积作用特点、空间分布及其演化。在不同层序发育过程中，各因素所起的作用有主次之分。沉积速率和构造沉降是湖泊水深变化的主要控制因素；构造因素对层序Ⅱ的旋回性和特殊的沉积充填样式等起主导作用；在构造作用相对平稳的层序Ⅲ发育时期，气候因素的影响通过多个准层序叠加及湖平面频繁变化表现出来。 相似文献
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A group of alluvial fans formed in the early Paleogene represent marginal sedimentary facies at the foot of the South Tianshan Mountain, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang province. Two types of fans occurred in the middle–late Paleogene Kumugeliemu and Suweiyi formations: one alluvial, and the other fan delta deposited in a lacustrine setting. Within the early Neogene Jidike Formation, coastal subaqueous fans developed, probably in a deeper water lacustrine setting. The three types of fans are stacked vertically in outcrop with the sequence in ascending order: bottom alluvial, middle fan-delta, and top subaqueous. The subaqueous is a typical coarse-fan deposit occurring in the glutinite member of the Jidike Formation in some wells. Laterally, from the foreland to the lacustrine settings, the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies represents the same three fan types sequentially. The spatial distribution of these fans was controlled by the Paleogene–Neogene Basin transformation, and evolution with different types of fans developed in the Kuqa Depression in response. In the Paleogene, the Kuqa Depression was a rift basin where an alluvial fan was deposited in the foreland setting, which, by early Neogene, became a foreland basin when the lake level changed. With any rise in lake level, fan-deltas migrated from lacustrine to foreland settings, whereas when the lake level fell, fan migration was reversed. In the early Neogene, with increasing slope and rising lake level, fans progressed and covered the previous fan-delta and lacustrine mudstone. Eventually, subaqueous fans developed, forming the present spatial configuration of these three fan types. 相似文献
17.
《Sedimentary Geology》2005,173(1-4):233-275
The lacustrine Ermenek Basin evolved as a SE-trending intramontane graben affected by strike–slip deformation, with the initial two lakes merging into one and receiving sediment mainly through fan deltas sourced from the basin's southern margin. The northern margin was a high-relief rocky coast with a wave-dominated shoreline. The Early Miocene lacustrine sedimentation was terminated by a late Burdigalian marine invasion that drowned the basin and its surroundings. The lacustrine basin-fill succession is up to 300 m thick and best exposed along the southern margin, where it consists of four sequences bounded by surfaces of forced regression. The offshore architecture of each sequence shows a thin lowstand tract of shoreface sandstones overlain by a thick transgressive systems tract of mudstones interbedded with sandy tempestites and delta-derived turbidites, which form a set of coarsening-upward parasequences representing minor normal regressions. The corresponding nearshore sequence architecture includes a thick lowstand tract of alluvial-fan deposits overlain by either a well-developed transgressive systems tract (backstepping parasequence set or single fan-deltaic parasequence) and poorly preserved highstand tract; or a thin transgressive tract (commonly limited to flooding surface) and a well-developed highstand tract (thick fan-deltaic parasequence). The sequences are poorly recognizable along the northern margin, where steep shoreline trajectory rendered the nearshore system little responsive to lake-level changes. The resolution of local stratigraphic record thus depends strongly upon coastal morphology and the character of the depositional systems involved.The sequential organization of the basin-fill succession reflects syndepositional tectonics and climate fluctuations, whereas the lateral variation in sequence architecture is due to the localized sediment supply (deltaic vs. nondeltaic shoreline), varied coastal topography and differential subsidence. The study points to important differences in the sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine and marine basins, related to the controlling factors. A crucial role in lacustrine basin is played by climate, which controls both the lake water volume and the catchment sediment yield. Consequently, the effects of tectonics and the dynamics of changes in accommodation and sediment supply in a lacustrine basin are different than in marine basins. 相似文献
18.
苏丹Muglad盆地Fula坳陷白垩系Abu Gabra组层序地层及沉积体系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fula坳陷白垩系Abu Gabra组是Muglad盆地第一裂谷旋回中形成的同裂谷期地层,它可以分为3个二级层序,自下而上是K1SSⅠ、K1SSⅡ和 K1SSⅢ,它们分别与断陷期早期地层、断陷期中期地层和断陷期晚期地层相对应。其中二级层序K1SSⅠ和K1SSⅢ各分为2个三级层序,K1SSⅡ则可进一步划分为3个三级层序。综合应用地震和钻/测井资料,以三级层序为单元,完成了Abu Gabra组沉积相分布与沉积体系预测工作。研究认为,阿加组的主要沉积类型包括:河流相、三角洲相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、近岸水下扇相、滨浅湖亚相、半深湖—深湖亚相。各沉积相带在Fula坳陷内的演化形成了5个主要沉积体系,分别是东北部的扇三角洲体系,西北部的三角洲体系、西部近岸水下扇体系、东南部辫状河三角洲体系以及早期的河流沉积体系。沉积体系的分布与演化受构造活动强度变化的控制,也受古地形和古地貌的影响。 相似文献
19.
Variable style of transition between Palaeogene fluvial fan and lacustrine systems, southern Pyrenean foreland, NE Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two Palaeogene fluvial fan systems linked to the south‐Pyrenean margin are recognized in the eastern Ebro Basin: the Cardona–Súria and Solsona–Sanaüja fans. These had radii of 40 and 35 km and were 800 and 600 km2 in area respectively. During the Priabonian to the Middle Rupelian, the fluvial fans built into a hydrologically closed foreland basin, and shallow lacustrine systems persisted in the basin centre. In the studied area, both fans are part of the same upward‐coarsening megasequence (up to 800 m thick), driven by hinterland drainage expansion and foreland propagation of Pyrenean thrusts. Fourteen sedimentary facies have been grouped into seven facies associations corresponding to medial fluvial fan, channelized terminal lobe, non‐channelized terminal lobe, mudflat, deltaic, evaporitic playa‐lake and carbonate‐rich, shallow lacustrine environments. Lateral correlations define two styles of alluvial‐lacustrine transition. During low lake‐level stages, terminal lobes developed, whereas during lake highstands, fluvial‐dominated deltas and interdistributary bays were formed. Terminal lobe deposits are characterized by extensive (100–600 m wide) sheet‐like fine sandstone beds formed by sub‐aqueous, quasi‐steady, hyperpycnal turbidity currents. Sedimentary structures and trace fossils indicate rapid desiccation and sub‐aerial exposure of the lobe deposits. These deposits are arranged in coarsening–fining sequences (metres to tens of metres in thickness) controlled by a combination of tectonics, climatic oscillations and autocyclic sedimentary processes. The presence of anomalously deeply incised distributary channels associated with distal terminal lobe or mudflat deposits indicates rapid lake‐level falls. Deltaic deposits form progradational coarsening‐upward sequences (several metres thick) characterized by channel and friction‐dominated mouth‐bar facies overlying white‐grey offshore lacustrine facies. Deltaic bar deposits are less extensive (50–300 m wide) than the terminal lobes and were also deposited by hyperpycnal currents, although they lack evidence of emergence. Sandy deltaic deposits accumulated locally at the mouths of main feeder distal fan streams and were separated by muddy interdistributary bays; whereas the terminal lobe sheets expand from a series of mid‐fan intersection points and coalesced to form a more continuous sandy fan fringe. 相似文献
20.
Sedimentary Response of Different Fan Types to the Paleogene-Neogene Basin Transformation in the Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
GAO Zhiyong GUO Hongli ZHU Rukai ZHANG Lijuan SUN Yushan Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development Petrochina Beijing China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Corporation Xinjiang China 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2)
A group of alluvial fans formed in the early Paleogene represent marginal sedimentary facies at the foot of the South Tianshan Mountain,Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang province. Two types of fans occurred in the middle-late Paleogene Kumugeliemu and Suweiyi formations:one alluvial,and the other fan delta deposited in a lacustrine setting.Within the early Neogene Jidike Formation,coastal subaqueous fans developed,probably in a deeper water lacustrine setting.The three types of fans are stacked vertic... 相似文献