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1.
Summary The problem of the propagation of finite Love Waves in a heterogeneous elastic half space lying over a homogeneous elastic half space, using the quasilinear stress-strain relation due toS. Ferhst [4] is considered in detail. The variations of the parameter in the layer assumed to be of the form 1= 0e z, 0e z where is a constant andz is distance measured from the surface into the layer.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Measuring, with the aid of two filters, the instantaneous intensity of the solar radiation in two wave lengths ( B = 0.44 , R = 0.64 ) by means of a sun photometer designed byVolz, we carried out determinations of the decadic turbidity coefficientB (=0.5 ) and the wave length exponent of the haze extinction for Mexico City. Observations were made for almost two and a half years (1960 to 1962 period). A seasonal size distribution in both parameters was found. Although the data thus obtained are provenient of a contaminated atmosphere, comparison of our data is made with those found for higher latitudes ofÅngström, Schüepp andVolz. The height of the homogeneous haze layerH D was calculated showing pronounced variations for a given wind direction. The maximum and minimum values ofB enable us to get, by the first approximation, the aerosol size distribution ofJunge for our latitudes. However, for exceptional very clear days having maximum actinometric intensity of the solar radiation the sensitivity of the microamperimeter in theVolz sun photometer fails.  相似文献   

3.
au am nu¶rt;, nuau ¶rt;u¶rt;aum ¶rt;ua, a u ¶rt; ma aum u¶rt;uu aam ma¶rt;am . a a au ¶rt; uuauu u nm nmu a u m muna, mm m¶rt; ma a anma n u. uunua muau u m¶rt; nua [4, 5]. n¶rt; am nuam m¶rt; u, u¶rt;u u m¶rt;a a u a nm nu nu¶rt;um au m u m¶rt;.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Paleomagnetic investigations of sediments from the Early Quaternary enabled the variations of the geomagnetic field during reversals to be studied. Regularities in the motion of the virtual geomagnetic N paleopole and the related changes in the intensity of the geomagnetic field were determined. The initial phase of the reversal, which took place in the Eastern Hemisphere, is accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the geomagnetic field. A strong decrease occurred at the time the N paleopole was moving around30°N geographic latitude. After the irreversible reversal had been concluded, the intensity of the geomagnetic field stabilized at values corresponding to the field intensity prior to the reversal. The reversible reversal is accompanied by an repeated increase in the itensity of the geomagnetic field.
au naaum ¶rt;a n n uu a¶rt; n¶rt; mmu nu¶rt;a nu n¶rt;um auuu aum n u m u1,1–0,7×10 6 m. u a mu uuuaum n u uma ¶rt;au nmu n. u u¶rt;a uu a uuu naanmuaum n.
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5.
Summary It is recommended that the data from measurements with supraconducting gravity meters be also analysed with regard to verifying the gravitation absorption hypothesis. Based on theoretical data from a3-year period, the spectrum of the assumed effect of shielding the gravitational influence of the Sun by the Earth's body on the value of the acceleration of gravity has been calculated for the tidal station Brussels (Figs 2a–e).
¶rt;aam aauuam ¶rt;a uu n¶rt;uaumau ma mu u nuunm n¶rt;auaumauu. a mmuu ¶rt;a a mmu nu¶rt; u nm n¶rt;naa ma auauaumau ¶rt;mu a m a uu u u mmu ¶rt; nuu mauu (u. 2a–).
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6.
Summary The magnification achieved with the standard sine-wave method using seismometers with the calibration and signal coils tightly wound on the same coil former can be erroneous at high frequencies due to the mutual inductance between both coils. An attempt was made to eliminate this influence from the calibration data. The application of theoretical equations was tested with a short-period digital seismograph.
ma¶rt;ama auau aa nu ¶rt;uu ¶rt;uu maauu m m m a u amma ua u a au u¶rt;mumu ¶rt; ua u auau am, u u a¶rt;m n¶rt;m umu. a ¶rt;aa nnma muam auau ¶rt;a. uu mmuu au u¶rt;a nu auauu mnu¶rt;u aa u anu.
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7.
m¶rt; amamu ¶rt;uau nma nauua ¶rt; a n amu . n ¶rt;a uu u¶rt;au,aumuu u mn nma. mam maa auum ¶rt; m u nmm u¶rt;ua n¶rt;a u a maa a umua a nam . ¶rt; nmm amuu n¶rt;m uu 3,3/ 3 , n¶rt; ¶rt;uuuau u na¶rt;uau mu a anma ¶rt; 3,2/ 3 . ¶rt; n¶rt;uu a¶rt;u aau mum nm, maumaa ¶rt;¶rt;m aama u ¶rt; amu .

Presented at the KAPG Symposium Problems of Interpretation and Construction of Physical Models of Litosphere, Liblice (CSSR), March 6–10, 1978.  相似文献   

8.
ama nm u nmam nuau aamumuuaum nau muna Pc4 n ¶rt;a u mauu m, a¶rt; a m m anam ¶rt;u amu u¶rt;a umu. n¶rt;a auum nu¶rt;a u anum¶rt; nau u u nuau aamumu mu ¶rt; u m aum amumu, u au uu m¶rt; naam. mam auam mamau amu nau Pc3 u Pi2 n ¶rt;a u mau ¶rt; u u.  相似文献   

9.
Summary A large number of the users of the geomtrical constants of the reference ellipsoid know only the IAG resolutions and not the related special publications; consequently, the numerical values of the derived geometrical constants may be interpreted differently. Some values of possible differences (max. 32 mm) are given, and it is proposed that the GRS-80 geometrical constants be defined by the values of a and f –1 with unlimited accuracy in the next IAG resolution.
¶rt;a um nam zmuuu nmu n-unu¶rt;a am m uu ¶rt;a¶rt; auauu n z¶rt;uu, a nua nuauu; nm m num a mau u au nu¶rt; zmuu nm. mam nu¶rt;m m au am (a. 32 ) u n¶rt;azam n¶rt; uu n¶rt;m muu nm GRS-80 uuau a, f –1 zau mm.
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10.
We estimate (/T) P of the lower mantle at seismic frequencies using two distinct approaches by combining ambient laboratory measurements on lower mantle minerals with seismic data. In the first approach, an upper bound is estimated for |(/T) P | by comparing the shear modulus () profile of PREM with laboratory room-temperature data of extrapolated to high pressures. The second approach employs a seismic tomography constraint ( lnV S / lnV P ) P =1.8–2, which directly relates (/T) P with (K S /T) P . An average (K S /T) P can be obtained by comparing the well-established room-temperature compression data for lower mantle minerals with theK S profile of PREM along several possible adiabats. Both (K S /T) and (/T) depend on silicon content [or (Mg+Fe)/Sil of the model. For various compositions, the two approaches predict rather distinct (/T) P vs. (K S /T) P curves, which intersect at a composition similar to pyrolite with (/T) P =–0.02 to –0.035 and (K S /T) P =–0.015 to –0.020 GPa/K. The pure perovskite model, on the other hand, yields grossly inconsistent results using the two approaches. We conclude that both vertical and lateral variations in seismic velocities are consistent with variation due to pressure, temperature, and phase transformations of a uniform composition. Additional physical properties of a pyrolite lower mantle are further predicted. Lateral temperature variations are predicted to be about 100–250 K, and the ratio of ( lnp/ lnV S ) P around 0.13 and 0.26. All of these parameters increase slightly with depth if the ratio of ( lnV S / lnV P ) P remains constant throughout the lower mantle. These predicted values are in excellent agreement with geodynamic analyses, in which the ratios ( ln / lnV S ) P and ( / lnV S ) P are free parameters arbitrarily adjusted to fit the tomography and geoid data.  相似文献   

11.
m amamu n¶rt;ma au ¶rt; nmuaa mu n ma a, ¶rt;a ¶rt;¶rt; maua mu n ¶rt; nmam ¶rt;um n¶rt; nnmmu n. u m umau n aa mau a, m m nmmu ma nu ¶rt;¶rt; n naa u umuu n. maa a¶rt;aa a u um ¶rt;uam. a u nu¶rt;m um ua u au, nu u n a auu mam, n¶rt;ma [5, 6]. m um nu num m amamu au ¶rt; nmuaa mu n, n¶rt;mau u¶rt; ¶rt;a nu a¶rt;a.  相似文献   

12.
We present some results of the analytical integration of the energy rate balance equation, assuming that the input energy rate is proportional to the azimuthal interplanetary electric field, Ey, and can be described by simple rectangular or triangular functions, as approximations to the frequently observed shapes of Ey, especially during the passage of magnetic clouds. The input function is also parametrized by a reconnection-transfer efficiency factor (which is assumed to vary between 0.1 and 1). Our aim is to solve the balance equation and derive values for the decay parameter compatible with the observed Dst peak values. To facilitate the analytical integration we assume a constant value for through the main phase of the storm. The model is tested for two isolated and well-monitored intense storms. For these storms the analytical results are compared to those obtained by the numerical integration of the balance equation, based on the interplanetary data collected by the ISEE-3 satellite, with the values parametrized close to those obtained by the analytical study. From the best fit between this numerical integration and the observed Dst the most appropriate values of are then determined. Although we specifically focus on the main phase of the storms, this numerical integration has been also extended to the recovery phase by an independent adjust. The results of the best fit for the recovery phase show that the values of may differ drastically from those corresponding to the main phase. The values of the decay parameter for the main phase of each event, m, are found to be very sensitive to the adopted efficiency factor, , decreasing as this factor increases. For the recovery phase, which is characterized by very low values of the power input, the response function becomes almost independent of the value of and the resulting values for the decay time parameter, r, do not vary greatly as varies. As a consequence, the relative values of between the main and the recovery phase, m/r, can be greater or smaller than one as varies from 0.1 to 1.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Procedure for verifying the agreement between parameters common to the basic and connecting trigonometric net. Procedure of determining the accuracy of the connecting net. This determination concerns not only the relativized accuracy of the points of the connecting network, but also the mutual accuracy of the points of the basic net relative to the points of the connecting net and the global accuracy of the resultant net. The procedure takes into account the accuracy of the points of the basic net which remain unchanged in computing the coordinates of new points.
m¶rt; ¶rt; nu au u naam¶rt;mu u nu¶rt;u m. m¶rt; ¶rt; u mmu nu¶rt;u mu. a aam m mum nua mmu m nu¶rt; mu, ma au mmu m mu n mu ma nu¶rt;u mu ua mmu mu mu. m¶rt; umam mm m mu, m aa uu ¶rt;uam m mam uu.
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14.
Summary A new magnetic observatory, named the Magnetic Observatory of Pendeli, was established and put in operation in 1958 near Athens (Greece). This Observatory was organized by and belongs to the Greek «Institute for Geology and Subsurface Research». The geographical position of the Pendeli Observatory is given by =38° 02.8, =23°51.8 andh=495 m (above sea level). The gemagnetic coordinates of the same are =36°.2, =102°.0. The Observatory is situated near Pendeli Mt. (18 km NEE of Athens). The site of the Observatory consists of marmor underlain by mica schists, both magnetically inactive.The building of the Observatory is constructed of stone and its roof made of tiles. The magnetograph room is in the underground of the building. The magnetic and thermal conditions in the variometer room are satisfactory enough.The variometers of the Observatory forH andZ are of the magnetic balance type. ForD a fibre suspension declinometer is used. The scale values of the variometers are H =7.2 /mm, D =1.0/mm (7.6 /mm), Z =11.5 /mm. The speed of recording amounts to 12 mm/h and the width of the record is 9 cm.The Pendeli Observatory has been operating since April 1958. The record is changed every day. The scale and base-line values are determined every 10 days. The room for the absolute measurements is found in the ground floor of the building. A field magnetic theodolite is being used in the absolute measurements.D is measured with two magnets in a fibre suspension declinometer.H is measured by means of the deflection oscillation method and with a QHM as well. For the measurement ofI an earthinductor is available. The values of the magnetic elements are properly corrected in order to represent the external normal field.  相似文献   

15.
Summary An explicit solution is obtained for the system of equations describing the spheroidal motion in a homogeneous, isotropic, gravitating, elastic medium possessing spherical symmetry. This solution is used to derive the Green's dyad for a homogeneous gravitating sphere. The Green's dyad is then employed to obtain the displacement field induced by tangential and tensile dislocations of arbitrary orientation and depth within the sphere.Notation G Gravitational constant - a Radius of the earth - A o =4/3 G - Perturbation of the gravitational potential - Circular frequency - V p ,V s Compressional and shear wave velocities - k p =/V p - k s =/V s - k p [(2.8)] - , [(2.17)] - f l + Spherical Bessel function of the first kind - f l – Spherical Hankel function of the second kind - x =r - y =r - x o =r o - y o =ro - x =r k s - y =r k p - x o =r o k s - y o =r o k p - =a - =a - [(5.17)] - m, l   相似文献   

16.
Multifractal measures,especially for the geophysicist   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
This text is addressed to both the beginner and the seasoned professional, geology being used as the main but not the sole illustration. The goal is to present an alternative approach to multifractals, extending and streamlining the original approach inMandelbrot (1974). The generalization from fractalsets to multifractalmeasures involves the passage from geometric objects that are characterized primarily by one number, namely a fractal dimension, to geometric objects that are characterized primarily by a function. The best is to choose the function (), which is a limit probability distribution that has been plotted suitably, on double logarithmic scales. The quantity is called Hölder exponent. In terms of the alternative functionf() used in the approach of Frisch-Parisi and of Halseyet al., one has ()=f()–E for measures supported by the Euclidean space of dimensionE. Whenf()0,f() is a fractal dimension. However, one may havef()<0, in which case is called latent. One may even have <0, in which case is called virtual. These anomalies' implications are explored, and experiments are suggested. Of central concern in this paper is the study of low-dimensional cuts through high-dimensional multifractals. This introduces a quantityD q, which is shown forq>1 to be a critical dimension for the cuts. An enhanced multifractal diagram is drawn, includingf(), a function called (q) andD q.This text incorporatesand supersedes Mandelbrot (1988). A more detailed treatment, in preparation, will incorporateMandelbrot (1989).  相似文献   

17.
au u uu mu a amu am a¶rt; mum ma¶rt;amuauau nmm m a, ¶rt;a m u ¶rt;u naam — aum¶rt; a, nu¶rt; a¶rt;u uu na¶rt;u am — nu muaua muam ¶rt; m ¶rt;a. ¶rt;aa n ma¶rt;amuauu nm naam ¶rt;u munaua nmmu ¶rt;.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The dependence between Pn-wave velocities and the surface heat flow, temperature at the core-mantl boundary and thickness of the Earth's crust for continents (Europe, Asia, North America and Australia) was investigated statistically in connection with the problem of lateral inhomogeneities in the upper mantle. The relations obtained were compared with those determined under laboratory conditions. The conclusion is that temperature and pressure effects may provide additional explanations of the regional variations of Pn-wave velocities observed in most continents.
auum ¶rt;auu mu n¶rt; a nmu uua(Pn ), nm mn nm, mnam a u m mum a u¶rt;aa u n uuuma ¶rt;¶rt;m mu Pn. nua ¶rt;a mama aam u¶rt;au nu m n¶rt; amuu u u ¶rt;au u mnam a¶rt;um mmmuu mamau n¶rt;aa am. am ¶rt;, m ua uu m Pn- ¶rt; amu muma n¶rt;m auu m¶rt;uauu u a nmu muua.
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19.
¶rt; aau n¶rt;am uu, umu,au mummu u ¶rt;uau ¶rt;uanaa mu um. am n a nmua amm aamumuu um ¶rt; au uu nuu. ¶rt;ma ummuu m¶rt; nmuau mu um a a¶rt;a an¶rt;u n n¶rt;am uu n nmu.  相似文献   

20.
Normal density earth models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Summary Models of the Earth's density, close to thePREM model, have been derived, they reproduce the external normal gravitational field of the Earth and its dynamic flattening, and are referred to as normal density models. The Earth's surface is approximated by an ellipsoid of the order of the flattening, or of its square. Of the group of normal models sgtisfying the solution of the inverse problem, the normal density modelHME2 is recommended. The spherically symmetric density modelPREM, which was corrected in the course of solving the inverse problem, thus creating the modifiedPREM-E2 model, was used as the a priori information.
¶rt; ¶rt;u an¶rt;u nmmu uu ¶rt;uPREM (m. a. a ¶rt;u nmmu), aumau n m u¶rt;mu na¶rt;am auaumau n u. m u annuum am unu¶rt; au. uau amu a ¶rt; mam H==0.003 273 994. ma ¶rt; a ¶rt; ¶rt;m ¶rt;HME2. am anu u a ¶rt; nmmu a unaa ¶rt; a¶rt;ua umua ¶rt;PREM. ¶rt;aam ¶rt;uuau m ¶rt;u n¶rt; aauPREM-E2.
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