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《地震地质》1991,13(1):53
地震预报和工程建设开展,有力地推动和促进了对活断层的广泛调查和深入研究。从另一方面看,近20年,特别是近10年来的活断层研究成果,又使人们对地震发生的构造环境有了更深入的了解和更明确的认识,对工程场地断层活动性评定有了更科学的依据和更有效的方法。正是在上述背景和基础上编写出来的《活断层及其工程评价》一书,系统地反映了活断层研究的最新成果和发展动向。 全书共分5章,系统阐述了活断层基本特征、地质灾害、调查方法及其工程评价原理、方法和实例。第1章介绍活断层含义和习性,第2、3章叙述活断层可能引起的各种灾害和14种调查方法,第4、5章论述活断层工程评价的主要问题、方法原理和评价实例。作者提出了对活断层准确度、活动度和危险度等概念含义的 相似文献
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声波剖面方法由于具有很高的分辨率和信号发射频率,可以获得高品质的地层剖面(图1),能够显示出沉积地层的结构与构造特征,广泛用于工程地质勘探和活断层探查,经过在渤海湾活断层探测试验中证明声波方法对海域和沿海平原活断层时代判断十分有效,能够分辨小断距断层,资料连续性好,直观性强,探测工作效率高,适合于活断层探测及地震危险性评价、海洋工程、核电站选址的等项目. 相似文献
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结合3个工程实例,对地球物理探测手段在地震安全性评价中的应用进行分析和探讨,以便为今后地震安全性评价工作开展活断层探测提供参考。浅层人工地震法和高密度电法以其观测结果直观、高效、方便、经济等特点成为活断层物理探测手段首选。两种手段对于探测环境以及精度要求可以优势互补,在活断层探测结果的判断方面可以相互验证。 相似文献
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日本地震调查研究本部对活断层长期评价方法问题进行了讨论研究,汇总其研究的基本思路,于2010年11月25日向社会公布了《活断层长期评价方法报告（暂行版）》,现对该报告的主要内容作简要介绍。 相似文献
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中国活断层研究近况(综述) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重点活断层的野外调查与研究、活断层的分布及区域特征的研究、青藏高原内部及边缘地带活断层的研究、利用遥感资料对活断层的研究、张性活断层的研究、沿活断层带古地震的研究、活断层现代动态及强震前后动态的研究;另外,还涉及今后在这方面的研究动向。 相似文献
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以《中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程》为依据,结合沈阳、抚顺的实际情况,设计了沈阳市活断层探测的思路。沈阳市活断层探测划分为沈阳、抚顺两个目标区,确定沈阳目标区6条、抚顺目标区2条共8条断裂为目标断层。活断层探测实际上包括初查与目标断层地震危险性评价、详查与主要目标断层地震危害性评价两大阶段的工作内容,具体按照初查阶段目标断层的综合探测、深部地震构造环境探测、目标断层地震危险性综合评价、主要目标断层详细探测、地震危害性评价及活断层信息管理系统建设等几个步骤实施。目标断层的探测手段选取地球化学、地球物理(浅层地震、多道直流电法和探地雷达等)、钻孔探测等,同时结合高分辩率遥感、地震地质调查等方法,各种探测方法和手段根据其探测精度和适宜性分别应用于初查、详查等不同的探测阶段中,探测技术参数的选取在不同阶段也具有差异性,目的是为了实现各个阶段的探测目标。 相似文献
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哈尔滨市目标区内主要断裂断错地表的最新活动时代为第四纪早期,晚更新世以来无断错地表的活动迹象。通过对城市活动断层地震危险性评价的技术思路、哈尔滨市工作区的地震地质环境与潜在震源区划分、目标区主要断裂活动特征的综合分析,确定了目标区内3条主要断裂未来可能发生地震的最大震级,并以兴安-东蒙活动地块与工作区作为分析的两种范围尺度,在适当调整工程地震学地震危险性概率分析方法的基础上,综合估算了目标区和目标区内单条断裂未来100年的发震概率。结果表明:哈尔滨市目标区主要断裂未来发生4.0级上破坏性地震的可能性极小,可能地震的最大震级为MS5.5 相似文献
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城市活断层探测中的地球物理方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文论述了在我国城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价工作中应用的地球物理方法及其重要作用和取得的效果,其中重点讨论了人工地震勘探应用中的有关科学和技术问题。 相似文献
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SHALLOW STRUCTURE AND ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZHUYANGGUAN-XIAGUAN FAULT IN THE NANYANG BASIN
The Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a major fault in the Nanyang Basin. Together with the the Shangxian-Danfeng fault in the south and the Tieluzi fault in the north, it serves as the north boundary of the East Qingling Mountains, as well as the dividing line between North China and South China blocks. This work studied the spatial extension, activity and shallow structure of Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan Fault by combination of shallow seismic exploration of three profiles across the fault and a composite drilling cross-section data.
The anti-interference and high resolution shallow seismic reflection exploration method based on Vibseis techniques was used in the seismic survey. The results show the existence of the main fault and its southern branch. It can be determined that the the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault is a NWW-trending normal fracture. The composite drilling cross-section reveals that the buried depth of the fault's up-breakpoint is about 17.6 to 20.5 meters and the latest active time is the late Middle Pleistocene.
As one of the major buried faults in the Nanyang Basin, the Zhuyangguan-Xiaguan fault has restricted the development of Nanyang City for a long time due to its unclear location and activity characteristics. The results of this study can provide geological and geophysical evidence for seismic risk assessment and site selection for the major lifeline projects in Nanyang City. 相似文献
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发挥活断层研究在地震减灾中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
活断层不仅是潜在地震的震源,而且是滑坡、崩塌、泥石流之类常见地质灾害的重要发源地。本文讨论了与活断层作用有关的主要地质灾害以及活断层研究在减灾中的作用,显然在活断层分布的地区,经济有效的防灾、减灾措施应以活断层研究为先导。只有在研究未来特定时段内可能再度滑动的活段层位置,运动方式,位错量以及与之伴生的地面变形量的情况下,才可能客观地决定以减灾为目的的工程决策。 相似文献
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为了建立适用于华北地区地震活断层的地震震级-震源破裂尺度经验关系,从1965年以来华北发生的地震中,系统整理出已由地震波谱、地形变、余震分布等方法获得和发表的震源破裂尺度参数,包括破裂长度L、破裂下倾宽度W以及破裂面积A(A=L×W),同时还基于余震分布重新确定出部分地震的破裂尺度参数。针对来源于不同方法的破裂尺度参数的不确定性及其主要影响因素,提出通过进一步分析和鉴别来确定出可靠参数的8条原则。依据这些原则的综合分析,共获得34次地震的可靠破裂长度以及其中20次的破裂面积。震源机制解反映这些地震破裂以走滑型占绝大多数。我们进一步采用最小二乘法,分别建立起华北地区的面波震级MS-破裂长度L的回归关系式MS=3·821+1·860lg(L)以及面波震级MS-断层破裂面积A的回归关系式MS=4·134+0·954lg(A)。与已有同类关系式的比较分析表明:文中新建的2个关系式可较好地适用于华北以及首都圈地区的走滑型地震活断层的潜在地震强度评价 相似文献
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This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas.By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries,the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s.The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research,such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics,the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics,surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures,active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas,as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology.Furthermore,the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics.These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation,coseismic slip and cumulative slip,fault slip rate,the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event.At the same time,efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories,models,methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to probabilistic assessment,magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults,and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement.Finally,in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China,the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future. 相似文献
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This paper reviews the history and progress of research on active tectonics in China and overseas. By giving a brief introduction on the history of active tectonic research in China and other countries, the paper sums up the process and development of quantitative investigation of active tectonics since the 1980s. The focus is on the main efforts and progress made in China on certain aspects of research, such as basic surveys and applied investigation of active tectonics, the study of theories related to regional active tectonics and their kinematics and geodynamics, surveys on coupling relations between deep and shallow structures, active fault surveys and prospecting and seismic hazard assessment in urban areas, as well as the efforts made using Quaternary geochronology. Furthermore, the paper looks back on Chinese quantitative investigation of active tectonics in China and sums up cognitions derived from studies on the determination of several basic and measurable parameters of active tectonics. These parameters include the length of fault and fault segmentation, coseismic slip and cumulative slip, fault slip rate, the sequence of paleoearthquake events and the time elapsed since the most recent event. At the same time, efforts and progress made in China on assessing the long-term seismic potential for active faults and evaluating the risk from potential active fault movement have been reviewed by summarizing research on developing theories, models, methods and the application of time-dependent seismic potential to prohabilistic assessment, magnitude estimation for potential earthquakes on active faults, and the forecast of potential risk caused by active fault movement. Finally, in consideration of the realities and problems in the research of active tectonics in China, the authors put forward several suggestions for issues worthy of more attention for further investigation in the future. 相似文献