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中国耕地转型与土地整理:研究进展与框架 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
土地利用转型研究是开展土地利用/覆被变化( LUCC) 综合研究的一条新途径。通过整合 社会和环境变化的时间尺度与历史背景, 开展中国耕地转型与土地整理方面研究, 属于IGBP 和 IHDP 联合发起的全球土地计划(GLP) 的重要研究内容。本文在综述土地变化科学( LCS) 的理论 与模型、土地利用转型、耕地变化与土地整理的研究进展基础上, 提出中国耕地转型与土地整理 的研究框架： 运用GIS 技术, 通过综合分析遥感解译的土地覆被数据及建国以来国土资源系统的 耕地面积变化数据, 探讨中国耕地变化的空间格局, 结合自然要素和社会经济要素分析耕地转型 的影响因子; 借鉴国外相关研究, 通过分析特定时期内中国耕地变化的影响因素及相应的管理政 策, 在了解中国耕地变化过程的基础上提出中国耕地转型的理论假设; 结合中国耕地的时空变化 模拟, 进而确定中国耕地变化的区域类型及其所处的转型阶段, 并以此作为指导我国耕地保护的 重要举措———土地整理的理论基础和科学依据。 相似文献
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耕地保护经济补偿运行机制及补偿效应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在对耕地保护经济补偿机制内涵界定的基础上,提出了"农业保险+社会保障+实物技术货币一体化的区内经济补偿机制"和"基于上级政府调控和财政转移支付的耕地保护区际经济补偿协商机制",并对区内和区际经济补偿方式、运行机理进行了分析.同时,在对耕地保护经济补偿效应概念、类型界定的基础上,结合农户问卷调查,对耕地保护经济补偿效应进行了系统分析.研究表明:(1)耕地利用生态社会效益的外部性是耕地非农化的根本原因,而构建耕地保护的经济补偿机制则是抑制耕地非农化的根本途径.(2)耕地保护的经济补偿体系由区内经济补偿和区际经济补偿共同组成,耕地保护经济补偿方式、补偿标准是影响其补偿效应的重要因素. 相似文献
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中国土地资源态势潜力及对策 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
封志明 《地理学与国土研究》1994,10(4):1-7
土地资源是人类生存与发展最重要和最基本的综合性自然资料，通过中国土地资源状况与世界的对比，揭示随人口增长，中国的人地关系将日趋势紧张，除人均农林牧用地日益减少外，突出表现在耕地资源缺乏和土地退化两方面，对中国土地资源的主要潜力作出分析估算，并提出扩大耕地基础，提高耕地高产，切实保护耕地，合理利用草地及加强土地管理等对策。 相似文献
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封志明 《地理与地理信息科学》1994,(4)
土地资源是人类生存与发展最重要和最基本的综合性自然资源。通过中国土地资源状况与世界的对比，揭示随人口增长，中国的人地关系将日趋紧张，除人均农林牧用地日益减少外，突出表现在耕地资源缺乏和土地退化两方面。对中国土地资源的主要潜力作出分析估算。并提出扩大耕地基础。提高耕地单产，切实保护耕地，合理利用草地及加强土地管理等对策。 相似文献
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基于GIS的县级耕地开发整理潜力分析及评价--以浙江省仙居县为例 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
土地整理是我国实现耕地总量动态平衡的根本出路，但目前开发整理潜力的估算在我国尚属空白。该文结合浙江省仙居县后备资源调查工作的成果，在GIS的支持下，分析全县的耕地农居点和后备资源情况，以及估算开发整理潜力，为土地利用总体规划和耕地开发整理专项规划奠定了基础。 相似文献
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目前我国经济和城市化高速发展,城市化和经济发展对建设用地的巨大需求进一步吞噬耕地资源,使原本相对稀缺的耕地逐年减少,建立和完善耕地保护体系追在眉睫.而发达国家在耕地保护、土地用途管制等方面的成熟经验对我国耕地保护工作具有重要借鉴意义.本文通过对美国及日本两国耕地保护方法的归纳和总结为我国的耕地保护提出一些建议. 相似文献
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中国耕地整理潜力评价初探--以北京延庆县为例 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
土地整理潜力评价是土地整理规划的基础性工作 ,是合理有效安排土地整理工作的根本依据。对耕地整理潜力进行科学评价是土地整理潜力评价的重中之重。本文以农业土地集约利用和耕地生产力原理为理论基础 ,对影响耕地整理潜力因素分成两个方面 ,即影响净增加耕地数量和提高耕地质量两个方面进行分析。在此基础上 ,提出了耕地整理潜力评价指标体系 ,并以北京市延庆县为案例 ,进行了实证分析 ,证明所建立的耕地整理潜力评价指标体系是可行的 ,为耕地整理潜力评价提供参考 相似文献
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土地整治是我国保护耕地、稳定粮食生产、解决"三农"问题的战略决策,也是补充耕地、实现耕地占补平衡、改善生产条件和生态环境、提高土地生产能力的重要途径。本文选取呼伦贝尔莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗土地整治项目进行整治前后效益分析,对项目实施进行调查和评价。 相似文献
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随着全球变化研究的深入,土地利用变化及其效应日益受到重视。土地竞租曲线是土地利用变化经济分析的重要理论基础,完善和深化对土地竞租曲线形态及其变化的研究,有助于加深对土地利用变化内在机理的认识,为预测土地利用变化的趋势提供理论依据。本文分析了土地竞租曲线形态研究的两种基本模式,指出了当前研究中的问题。针对这些不足,文章力图将理论推导和数学推导这两种分析模式结合起来,从技术进步的角度对土地竞租曲线的形态及其变化进行解释,分析土地竞租曲线中关键参数的变化及其现实意义,以加深对土地利用变化的理解。通过分析,文章得出了以下结论：①O’Sullivan提出的灵活/不灵活经济人假说存在诸多不足,不宜用于解释土地竞租曲线的形态及其变化;②技术进步是影响土地竞租曲线形态变化的关键因素,是土地利用变化的关键驱动力;③土地集约度是土地利用变化的重要指示器。加深对土地利用集约度内涵及其影响的认识,对土地利用的空间规划与布局研究有重要意义。最后,文章对需要进一步研究的问题进行了展望。 相似文献
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利用1996年～2005年的统计和普查数据,对湖北省近10年来耕地数量现状及变化特点进行了详细的分析阐述;应用逐步回归法,定量研究了各经济社会驱动因子同耕地变化之间的关系,揭示了耕地变化的驱动力,结果表明:城市化水平的提高、农民建筑用地的增多、农村工业劳动力的增加以及非农产业的发展等因素是湖北省耕地变化的重要原因.最后,从耕地可持续利用角度,详细分析了湖北省耕地可持续利用中存在的各种障碍性因素. 相似文献
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农户对农村宅基地流转的认知与意愿——基于江西省254户农户调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为农村宅基地的使用主体,农户在农村宅基地流转决策中占据绝对的主导地位,他们对农村宅基地流转的认知与意愿对规范农村宅基地流转起着关键作用。文章通过对“江西省农村宅基地流转”专题调研,以实地调研数据为基础,分析江西省当前农户对农村宅基地流转的认知与意愿,并运用Logistic回归模型对影响农户农村宅基地流转意愿的因素进行了定量分析。研究表明：农民对于国家农村宅基地的相关政策了解程度一般,对于构建规范有效的农村宅基地流转机制期望较高,但反映出普遍担心农村宅基地入市后的高房价和投机行为的发生;户主年龄、家庭年收入、家庭农村宅基地面积及个数对农户农村宅基地流转的影响最大。最后,基于上述结论提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
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人地系统耦合框架下国土空间生态修复规划策略——以粤港澳大湾区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在实施国土空间生态修复重大工程背景下,构建科学合理、面向区域发展与公众需求的规划策略是地理学和生态学等领域的研究热点。本文基于人地系统耦合框架,分析从生态修复规划到国土空间生态修复规划在规划思想、目标、性质、对象、路径等方面发生的转变。以人地矛盾突出的典型区域——粤港澳大湾区为案例,分析大湾区面临的突出问题和形势,从发展人地和谐的生态修复战略、整体保护生态空间、充分发挥生态要素综合功能、强化机制保障等方面,构建了问题识别-战略引导-整体布局和分区施策为主线的国土空间生态修复规划策略和思路,以延拓人地系统论,丰富规划理论和方法,为其他地区开展国土空间生态修复提供借鉴。 相似文献
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县域耕地保有量目标约束机制及预测研究——以广西灌阳县为例 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
区域差异性导致各地耕地保护的目标不同,县域耕地保有量预测目标是否合理关系到区域和全局的耕地保护压力程度,影响着耕地保有量的合理预测,对有效遏止圈地现象至关重要。在耕地外部性特征基础上提出耕地保有量外部性连环效应,并据此效应建立县域耕地保有量预测目标约束机制;通过分析灌阳县在上轮规划耕地保护情况和耕地保有量现状,将灌阳县耕地保有量预测目标定位为耕地均量动态平衡;预测规划目标年灌阳县耕地保有量目标及相关单项指标。 相似文献
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With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method(PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psychological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
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Anne Gravsholt Busck Søren Bech Pilgaard Kristensen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2014,114(1):41-58
In this article, we investigate drivers behind land use changes in a peri-urban landscape. The research focuses on the motives and factors behind landowners’ decision-making in relation to land use changes, with the objective of improving our knowledge of the dynamics of land use change processes on farmland. An actor-centred conceptual framework is developed on the basis of the concept of lenses of decision-making. Data on farm and farmer characteristics were collected through a survey conducted in Roskilde Municipality, Denmark, a peri-urban landscape with a high level of landscape dynamics. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between nine purposively selected farm and farmer characteristics and the landscape activities of 93 landowners in the municipality. The results indicate that small farms, farms without livestock and landowners with a basic level of education are less likely to engage in landscape activities. A cluster analysis was used to analyse patterns of motives associated with land use changes. The results correspond with the intrinsic interests and family considerations suggested in the lenses of the decision-making framework, and in addition shows that the desire to improve the qualities of the property was the dominant motive. 相似文献
18.
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation,cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore,households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method (PRA),3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally,the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation,the less livelihood assets are. In addition,their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail,there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern;negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options,while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees,which from the top are psychological assets,human assets,physical assets,financial assets,and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition,compensation method,compensation standard,the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
19.
Impact of farmer households’ livelihood assets on their options of economic compensation patterns for cultivated land protection简 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household＇s satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households＇ willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method （PRA）, 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of differ- ent farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the eleva- tion, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pat- tern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household live- lihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psy- chological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respec- tively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. 相似文献
20.
多情景粮食安全底线约束下的中国耕地保护弹性空间 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
科学解析中国耕地数量保多少与如何保等问题对保障国家粮食安全与资源环境可持续发展具有重要意义。面向共享社会经济路径（SSPs）的多情景粮食安全底线约束,本文试图利用耕地保有量、人口预测、粮食需求估算、单产提升潜力衰减等模型方法,依据产能特征—健康状态—耕作条件—利用水平的多维度耕地保护紧迫性评估框架,通过耦合时间序列的数量边界控制与空间尺度的区域规则约束刻画出中国的耕地保护弹性空间。在满足个人基本营养安全与作物单产条件干扰变量恒定的假设前提下,研究发现：① 中国多情景耕地保有量在2020—2100年间呈下降态势,现有耕地数量足以维持长期的粮食安全,但短期内则仅勉强达到理论粮食安全的临界区间1.40×108~1.59×108 hm2。② 不同维度耕地保护紧迫性在九大农业区划内呈现差异化分布特征,自然条件优越且适宜耕作的黄淮海平原区与长江中下游地区是综合紧迫性高值地块集聚区域。③ 可持续情景与区域冲突情景分别代表粮食安全底线约束下的最小与最大耕地保有量情景,在当前国际形势下,中国应保证短期（2035年内）可休耕量不高于9.29%。④ 基于时空耦合划定的耕地保护弹性空间可分为优先保护、严格管控、休养生息、战略储备、整治修复和特殊保护6类,不同空间的耕地保护弹性强度、目标与任务各有侧重。整体而言,耕地保护弹性空间的划定思路有助于农业结构调整、休耕政策完善等耕地空间规划体系构建,对中国耕地保护制度转型具有借鉴价值。 相似文献