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1.
Principles of Probabilistic Regional Mineral Resource Estimation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agterberg Frits 《地球科学》2011,36(2):189-200
Five principal sources of uncertainty in quantitative mineral resource estimation are listed and illustrated by means of a simple example (mosaic model) and a case history study for large copper deposits in the Abitibi area of the Canadian Shield. Abitibi copper potential originally was estimated on the basis of 1968 estimates of production and reserves totalling 3.12 Mt Cu. This prognostication now could be evaluated on the basis of 2008 copper production and reserves totalling 9.50 Mt Cu. An earlier hindsight study performed on the basis of 1977 data (totalling 5.23 Mt Cu) showed seven new discoveries occurring either in the immediate vicinities of known deposits or on broad regional copper anomalies predicted from the 1968 inputs. By 1977, the global geographic distribution pattern of large copper deposits in the Abitibi area had stabilized. During the next 30 years, new copper was essentially found close to existing deposits, much of it deeper down in the Earth's crust. In this paper, uncertainties associated with copper ore tonnage are analyzed by comparison of 2008 data with 1968 data using (a) log-log plots of size versus rank, and (b) lognormal QQ-plots. Straight lines fitted by least squares on these plots show that 1968 slopes provide good estimates of 2008 slopes but 1968 intercepts are much less than 2008 intercepts. In each linear log-weight versus log-rank plot, the slope is related to fractal dimension of a Pareto frequency distribution, and in a lognormal QQ-plot it is determined by logarithmic variance. The difference between 2008 and 1968 intercepts represents the increase in copper ore production and reserves from 1968 to 2008. The Pareto model fits actual copper and massive sulphides increase over the past 40 years better than the lognormal frequency distribution model for 10 km×10 km cells on favorable environments in the Abitibi area. 相似文献
2.
Huan-huan Yang Qin Wang Yan-bo Li Bin Lin Yang Song Yi-yun Wang Wen He Hong-wei Li She Li Jian-li Li Chang-cheng Liu Shi-bin Feng Tang Xin Xue-lian Fu Xin-juan Liang Qi Zhang Bei-qi Wang Yang Li 《China Geology》2022,5(1):136-159
The Tiegelongnan Cu(Au,Ag)deposit in central Tibet contains more than 10 Mt of copper ranking 29 th in the world.It is characterized by typical porphyry-epithermal alteration and mineralization.In order to improve the understanding of porphyry-epithermal copper deposit in Tibet,new zircon U-Pb age and sulfur isotope data along with published data in the Tiegelongnan are presented to investigate the formation and preservation mechanism.Ore-related intrusive rocks in the Tiegelongnan including Early Cretaceous(about 120 Ma)granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry are closely related to the northward subduction of Bangongco-Nujiang ocean.Sulfur mainly comes from deep magma,and ore-forming fluid is affected by both magmatic and meteoric water.The metallogenic setting of Tiegelongnan is consistent with those of Andean porphyry copper deposits in South America.The cover of the Meiriqiecuo Formation volcanic rocks,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision and India-Eurasian collision have significance in the preservation and uplift of the deposit.The formation,preservation and discovery of Tiegelongnan play an important role in exploration of ancient porphyry-epithermal deposits in Tibet. 相似文献
3.
Early Eocene hyperthermals are geologically short-lived global warming events and represent fundamental perturbations to the global carbon cycle and the Earth’s ecosystem due to massive additions of isotopically light carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system.They serve as ancient analogs for understanding how the oceanic carbonate system and surface-ocean ecosystem would respond to ongoing and future climate change.Here,we present a continuous carbonate record across the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2(ETM2 or H1,ca.54.1 Ma)and H2(ca.54 Ma)events from an expanded section at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1258 in tropical Atlantic.The abundant calcareous nannofossils and moderate carbonate content throughout the studied interval suggest this record was deposited above the calcite compensation depth(CCD),but below the lysocline and under the influence of terrestrial dilution.An Earth system model cGENIE is used to simulate the carbon cycle dynamics across the ETM2 and H2 to offer insights on the mechanism of the rapid warming and subsequent recovery in climate and ecosystem.The model suggests moderate changes in ocean pH(0.1–0.2 unit)for the two scenarios,biogenic methane from a rechargeable methane capacitor and organic matter oxidation from thawing of the permafrost.These pH changes are consistent with a recent independent pH estimate across the ETM2 using boron isotopes.The carbon emission flux during the ETM2 is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum(PETM)(0.015–0.05 Pg C yr-1vs.0.3–1.7 Pg C yr-1).The comparable pre-and post-event carbonate contents suggest the lysocline did not over deepen following the ETM2 at this tropical Atlantic site,indicating spatial heterogeneity in the carbonate system due to strong dilution influence from terrestrial weathering and riverine discharge at Site 1258. 相似文献
4.
Guichun Liu Jing Li Xin Qian Qinglai Feng Wei Wang Guangyan Chen Shaobin Hu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(1):39-52
Late Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks in the SW Yangtze Block are important for understanding the role of it in reconstruction of the Rodinia supercontinent.In the present study,we report new geochronological,geochemical,and Nd-Hf isotopic data for the Cuoke plagioclase amphibolites and granites in the SW Yangtze Block.Geochronological results show that the plagioclase amphibolites and granites have similar late Mesoproterozoic zircon U-Pb ages of 1168-1162 Ma,constituting a bimodal igneous assemblage.The plagioclase amphibolites have high and variable TiO2 contents(1.15-4.30 wt.%)and Mg#(34-66)values,similar to the tholeiitic series.They are characterized by enrichment in LREEs and LILEs,and have OIB-like affinities with positive Nb and Ta anomalies.The plagioclase amphibolites have positive whole-rockεNd(t)(+3.2 to+4.3)and zirconεHf(t)(+4.3 to+10.7)values,indicating that they were derived from an OIB-like asthenospheric mantle source.The granites belong to the reduced peralkaline A-type series and have negativeεNd(t)value of-6.0 andεHf(t)values of-5.8 to-13.8,indicating a derivation from the partial melting of ancient mafic lower crust.In combination with the~1.05-1.02 Ga bimodal igneous assemblage in the SW Yangtze Block,we propose that the Cuoke 1168-1162 Ma igneous rocks were likely formed in a continental rift basin and argue against the existance of Grenvillian Orogen in the SW Yangtze Block during the late Mesoproterozoic. 相似文献
5.
This paper is based on the analysis and research on the silver-lead-zinc polymetallic ore in New Ballyhoo Banner in southern Manzhouli of Inner Mongolia.Because metal mineralization brings rock formations,the geophysical features such as low resistivity,high polarization rate and uneven distribution of magnetization,the comprehensive geophysical methods are adopted including high-precision magnetic measurement,high-power induced polarization,IP field middle gradient and controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics.In the survey work of multi-metal ore deposits,from surface sweeping to single point measurement,and from single point to section going deeper layer by layer,the resolution of measurement is continuously improved,and various geophysical methods support and complement each other,so explorers can successfully predict the direction,scale and volume of the metallogenic belts in conjunction with geochemical exploration,geological survey and drilling.It has provided a strong basis for completing the exploration task of predicting the reserve volume of ore bodies.The research conclusions of this exploration case have thus a high reference value in the same type of exploration work. 相似文献
6.
在物探扫面工作中,有大量的剖面数据需要绘制成剖面平面图,要求寻找一个高效快速的制图方法.通过对Grapher 自动化功能的分析和实践,编制程序实现了快速绘制彩色渐变剖面平面图的需求,说明利用自动化脚本能够在获得精美图件的同时,可以极大地提高作图效率. 相似文献
7.
冷生风化作用对边坡稳定性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The experiment shows that considerable influence on density rock properties are subjected by nival weathering conditions. The main parameter defining the rock suitability for solution various engineering and geological problems is its firmness limit on single axis pressing. The firmness properties of sandstone being in absolutely dry condition for Kabakta suite at the beginning of investigation was 64.7 MPa, for Nerungri suite sandstones it was 48. 7 MPa. The investigations showed how much the nival conditions of cryohypergenesis of rock sandstones in Kabakta and Nerungri suites have destructive influence in comparison with aquale and more over aerale conditions. In the aerale conditions sedimentary rock firmness of Kabakta suite decreased to 23.2 MPa, in aquale conditions to 16.5, and in the nivale conditions to 8.9 MPa. In Nerungri suite sandstones are according to 17.7 MPa, 11.1 MPa, and 6 MPa after 300 freezing and thawing cycles. The common sandstone firmness decrease of Kabakta suite was 25 %,of Nerungri suite it was 23.8%. Marlstone samples after 400 FTC decrease to 62% in the nivale conditions and to 33 % in the aerale conditions. After 3～5 years of exploitation marlstone will destruct due to structural and textural inhomogenesis up to gruss, i.e. it will not meet the requirements of durability.Judging by the results of carried out experiment it should be concluded that by cryogenic weathering the sedimentary rocks (sandstones) and rocks with schistose lithogenic texture (marlstone) are subjected to disintegration. The primary rock samples firmness considerably influences on the disintegration rate. 相似文献
8.
YU Yixin PENG Wenxu SHI Shengbao SUN Hefeng LU Man SHANG Peng Delores ROBINSON LU Yuehan 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):261-272
Despite the upsurge in hydrocarbon exploration in the Lake Albert Rift Basin(LARB)over the past three decades,systematic characterization of hydrocarbon compositions remains lacking,leading to uncertainties in source rock and oil generation determination.We characterized crude oil compositions and oil sand samples in the northern and southern subbasins of LARB.The relative abundance of normal and branched linear alkanes,hopanes,steranes,and aromatic hydrocarbon suggest that northern and southern hydrocarbons were deposited in anoxic to suboxic lacustrine environments and share similar biological source compositions(i.e.,a mixture of plants and aquatic algae and bacteria).Relative to southern samples,northern samples show more negative δ13C values for oils,saturates and aromatics,indicating longer migration paths,and exhibit higher MPI-1,DNR-1 and 4-/1-MDBT ratios,indicating higher maturity.Between the two possible sets of source rocks(upper Miocene and Jurassic strata),the positive δ13C values of saturated hydrocarbons(average=-20.5‰)suggest that the upper Miocene lacustrine shale is the most likely candidate.Oleanane index(<5% in our samples)does not exclude either source rock possibility,and C28/C29 regular sterane(average=0.63)may be biased by high terrestrial inputs in a lacustrine setting.Together,our data show that northern and southern oils originate from the same source rocks but different oil kitchens.Given the similar geochemical characteristics of southern and northern oils,previous exploration successes in the northern subbasin likely suggest similar potential in the southern sector,while other elements influencing exploration success must be also evaluated. 相似文献
9.
《同一个地质计划》的进展与对策 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
《同一个地质计划（OneGeology）》最初由英国地质调查局于2006年2月提出,已得到全球地学组织的支持。到2007年底,国际地球科学联合会等10个全球学术团体与国际地学组织、2个跨国公司、2位知名人士和67个国家的地质调查局参加了该计划。《同一个地质计划》是各个国家的地质调查局贡献给国际行星地球年的、约1：100万比例尺的、可在网络上很容易取得最好世界地质图数据的计划。该计划的目标是：使可用的地质图数据能被更多的人使用,使需要的人受益,促进互操作能力的增强。《同一个地质计划》的实施,可以提升全球、大陆、行星、海洋地球科学图的编制和出版的合作能力。深化对一些地区地质问题的研究,并可作为国际地球行星年一个切实可用的成果,提升国家地质调查局的形象;运用管理地学知识的领导能力和经验,通过教育、科学、文化和交流。能够处理全球污染对社会、经济和环境的影响问题。促进全球环境保护公约的执行,减缓自然灾害,使全球经济可持续发展,人们的居住环境更安全、更繁荣。精神生活更丰富、更快乐。因此,实施该计划不仅有现实意义,更有重要而深远的政治意义。 相似文献
10.
The process of Cenozoic sea-land changes in the northern South China Sea(SCS)controlled the sedimentary filling pattern and played an important role in the petroleum geological characteristics of the northern marginal sedimentary basins.Under the control of the opening process of the SCS,the northern SCS Cenozoic transgression generally showed the characteristics of early in the east and late in the west,and early in the south and late in the north.The initial transgression occurred in the Eocene in the Taixinan Basin(TXNB)of the eastern SCS,while the transgression occurred until the Pliocene in the Yinggehai Basin(YGHB)of the western SCS.International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expeditions(Expeditions 367/368)revealed that the initial transgression of the SCS basin occurred at approximately 34 Ma,which was the initial opening time of the SCS.The period of drastic changes in the sedimentary environment caused by large-scale transgression corresponded to the opening time of the southwestern subbasin(approximately 23 Ma),which also represented the peak of the spreading of the SCS.The sea-land transition process controls the distribution of alternating continent-marine facies,marine facies source rocks and reservoirs in the basins.The marine facies source rocks of the basins in the northern SCS have a trend of gradually becoming younger from east to west,which is consistent with the regional process of gradual transgression from east to west.Regional sea-level changes were comprehensively influenced by SCS opening and global sea-level changes.These processes led to the early development in the east and south and late development in the west and north for the carbonate platform in the SCS.Carbonate platforms form another type of"selfgenerating and self-accumulating"oil-gas reservoir in the northern SCS.The sea-land transition controlled the depositional filling patterns of different basins and laid the foundation of marine deposits for oil and gas resources.The source-reservoircap assemblage in the northern SCS was controlled horizontally by provenance supply and sedimentary environmental changes caused by sea-land transition and vertically by the tectonic evolution of the SCS and regional sea-level changes. 相似文献
11.
中国近东西向中生代火山岩带及其铀成矿作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
燕辽火山岩带、赣杭火山岩带及南岭火山岩带，它们不仅是横亘于中国东部的3条重要的近东西向中生代火山岩带，而且也是我国3条重要的铀多金属成矿带。对比研究表明，虽然它们各具特色，就脉型富大铀矿床成矿作用而言，它们又具有较多的共性；重要成矿区的火山喷发皆奠基在古老的结晶基底上；古裂谷（或裂陷）既控制了火山岩带的发育，又是有利的成矿构造背景；铀矿赋存对火山岩的岩性没有明显的选择性；铀成矿的深部控制作用明显；联通的构造网络系统是形成富大铀矿的必要条件。 相似文献
12.
吉林省金城洞绿岩带构造变形序列 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
金城洞绿岩带自晚太古代以来经历了多期变形：Ｄ＿１变形幕，形成片理、片麻理及无根褶曲，是深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿２变形幕，形成轴面片理及一系列轴向ＮＷ或ＮＷＷ向的紧闭同斜或平卧褶皱，并伴有英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩侵入，是中深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿３变形幕，形成大型开阔褶皱，晚期形成韧性剪切带，是中浅部构造层次的产物。这三幕变形奠定了本区的基本构造格架。Ｄ＿４变形幕在中浅构造部位形成ＮＥ向开活褶皱。古生代以来，本区主要发生脆性变形。 相似文献
13.
14.
造山带地层学和沉积学是现代地层学、现代沉积学与板块构造学相结合，应用于大陆造山带构造演化的新研究领域，其主导思想是板块构造环境控制并影响了造山带地层发育、沉积作用和沉积盆地的形成与发展，其哲学依据是全球构造活动论和地质演化突变观。 相似文献
15.
世界斑岩铜矿主要产于中生代一新生代环太平洋带、古特提斯带和古生代中亚—蒙古带，因为上述3带为聚合板块集中分布地区。中国西藏集中了金沙江聚合带、雅鲁藏布江聚合带和怒江—班公错聚合带，为世界上聚合板块最发育地区之一，具有较长的大洋板块俯冲和陆—陆碰撞的造山历史，构造—花岗质岩浆十分发育，其中深源高侵位的花岗质斑岩分布广泛，对于形成斑岩铜矿和其他相关矿床十分有利，为找矿评价斑岩铜(金)矿很有前景的地区。笔者借鉴世界和中国评价斑岩铜矿的经验，同时收集了西藏近年来找寻评价斑岩铜矿有关的地质资料，对西藏斑岩铜矿的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
16.
大巴山与雪峰山逆冲构造带J3-K1复合过程的响应———鄂西秭归褶皱带构造样式与形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秭归褶皱带位于大巴山逆冲带与雪峰山逆冲带叠合部位,总体呈现穹窿-盆地型式,是构造复合、联合作用的结果,记录了大巴山逆冲带与雪峰山逆冲带两者相互作用的重要信息,是研究构造复合和联合过程的理想区域。本文通过对秭归褶皱带秭归向斜、巴东复向斜和香龙山背斜的野外调查,对褶皱枢纽、相关断层、节理等进行详细构造解析,理清了先后叠加关系,在此基础上进行了构造分期和配套,对变形期古构造应力场进行了恢复重建。结果表明秭归褶皱带晚侏罗世-早白垩世经历三期构造变形:D1期以近EW向的秭归向斜和香龙山背斜为代表,秭归向斜为轴面近直立的开阔圆弧状,香龙山背斜呈轴面近直立的箱状,相关逆冲断层具由北向南逆冲的特点,可能与大巴山由NE向SW逆冲作用有关。D2期秭归向斜叠加近SN向枢纽,呈锅状,香龙山背斜东段发育鼻状的五龙背斜,褶皱带呈穹窿-盆地型。与向斜相关的水田坝断裂带向SEE逆冲,主压应力场呈NWW-SEE近平行的束状。该期变形可能与雪峰山逆冲带向NW逆冲过程中受到黄陵背斜阻挡有关。D3期秭归向斜近SN向枢纽向南西弯曲,巴东复向斜呈NW凸出弧形,香龙山背斜西端叠加NE-SW向构造形迹。主压应力场总体向NW发散。该期变形可能与雪峰山逆冲带向NW逆冲推挤有关。上述构造分析表明,向SW逆冲的大巴山逆冲带先影响鄂西地区,之后向NW逆冲推挤的雪峰山逆冲带扩展至该地区,形成复合关系。区域构造与地层关系分析表明D1-D3形成于J3-K1,因此秭归褶皱带是大巴山逆冲构造带向SW叠瓦逆冲并与指向NW的雪峰山逆冲带复合叠加的结果,表明上扬子地区在J3-K1经历了分阶段复合叠加的过程,即前期受到大巴山逆冲带近SN构造作用影响,后期经历向NW逆冲推挤的雪峰山逆冲带NW-SE向构造叠加。 相似文献
17.
德尔布干成矿带火山岩型金(铜)矿床地质特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来 ,在德尔布干成矿带发现了四五牧场金 (铜 )矿床 ,矿床地质特征显示成矿与晚侏罗世—早白垩世火山活动有关 ,今后应注意寻找此类型矿床 相似文献
18.
全球造山系类型主要分为增生型和碰撞型两大类。现今,全球两大巨型造山系的研究表明：环太平洋增生造山系正在经历洋- 陆俯冲过程,新特提斯- 喜马拉雅碰撞造山系经历过洋- 陆俯冲之后又步入陆- 陆碰撞阶段。其中,安第斯造山带是东太平洋Lazaca 大洋板块多阶段向东俯冲在南美大陆之下后形成的以“大洋板块深(陡)- 浅(平)俯冲交替、洋岛- 地体增生拼贴、碰撞和俯冲型高原隆升”为特征的现代“安第斯岛弧带”和“安第斯- 科迪勒拉俯冲型增生造山系”。位于亚洲大陆内部的冈底斯造山系经历了新特提斯洋盆向北俯冲、消减和洋盆闭合以及印度- 亚洲碰撞的两重阶段,具体包括早中生代开始的新特提斯“多洋岛”形成和向拉萨地体的多阶段俯冲汇聚,致使洋岛 地体增生碰撞形成冈底斯岩浆弧,继而铸造了晚白垩世的“安第斯型”俯冲增生造山系;在俯冲和碰撞转换阶段发生了岩浆大爆发并形成冈底斯初始高原;而后才进入印度- 亚洲陆陆碰撞阶段,形成大规模的E- W向逆冲断裂、走滑断裂和S- N向裂谷系。因此,安第斯是冈底斯的前半生,冈底斯的今天是安第斯的未来。研究冈底斯的构造演化,特别是早期的构造岩浆活动,必须与安第斯俯冲增生的历史进行对比。 相似文献
19.
秦岭造山带发展演化阶段的新认识 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
秦岭-大别造山带的发展演化与全球联合古陆的形成与裂解十分相似。显生宙以来,古中国板块裂解为华北、扬子古板块,秦岭有限洋盆的时期为中晚奥陶世。而聚合拼贴形成的中国板块和中秦岭造山带与联合古陆的形成时期同为石炭、二叠纪。中生代以来新形成的秦岭造山带、华北和扬子地块是与全球联合古陆的解体相同,是裂解的结果。中生代时期秦岭-大别的花岗岩是裂解而不是碰撞俯冲的产物,含柯石英、金刚石的榴辉岩和超基性岩是深部岩片沿造山带走向从深处向表层抽拉-逆冲时带至地表的。 相似文献
20.
新疆东昆仑鸭子泉蛇绿岩的基本特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
鸭子泉蛇绿岩位于新疆东昆仑祁漫塔格山系中部, 与阿尔金断裂平行产出, 由超基性岩、基性岩和拉斑玄武岩等组成。它侵位于早石炭世含放射虫的深海沉积物中, 可能代表了东昆仑祁漫塔格地区晚古生代的板块俯冲带。蛇绿岩可能来源于俯冲带附近的由小型扩张中心形成的次生洋壳, 之后由于消减作用, 侵位到深海沉积物中, 形成了造山带中的蛇绿岩。 相似文献