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利用印度气象局（India Meteorological Department,IMD）、国际气候管理最佳路径档案库（International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship,IBTrACS）提供的1982—2020年阿拉伯海热带气旋路径资料,美国国家环境预报中心（National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP）再分析资料,对近39 a阿拉伯海热带气旋源地和路径特征、活跃区域、频数及气旋累积能量（accumulated cyclone energy,ACE）指数的季节特征和年际变化特征进行分析,并结合环境因素,说明其物理成因。结果表明：阿拉伯海热带气旋多发于10°~25°N,65°~75°E海域,5—6月、9—12月发生频数较高且强度较强,1—4月、7—8月发生频数较低且气旋近中心最大风速均小于35 kn;频数的季节变化主要受控于垂直风切变要素;阿拉伯海热带气旋发生频数和ACE近年有上升趋势,年际变化主要受控于海面温度（sea surface temperature,SST）和850 hPa相对湿度要素。 相似文献
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选择了12个个例,分析了冷涡区域海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)对热带气旋(tropical cyclone, TC)的响应。在TC的影响下,冷涡区域SST降低的最大值在2.7—9.15℃,冷涡平均降温1.35—5.89℃。冷涡SST降低与TC移动速度有很好的反向关联,移动速度越慢,冷涡SST降低越多。冷涡SST降低与TC平均最大风速有较好的正向关联,最大风速越大,冷涡SST降低越多。TC对冷涡的能量改变起着重要的作用,TC经过冷涡后,冷涡的动能(eddy kinetic energy, EKE)、有效重力位能(available gravitational potential energy, AGPE)有明显增长,并且EKE的增长小于AGPE的增长。TC作用前后EKE、AGPE的增长与冷涡区域SST降低的平均呈正向关联,表明在TC的影响下,冷涡的EKE、AGPE的改变能够反映SST降低的程度,或者说SST降低的多少能够反映冷涡EKE、AGPE改变的程度。 相似文献
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Combining a linear regression and a temperature budget formula, a multivariate regression model is proposed to parameterize and estimate sea surface temperature(SST) cooling induced by tropical cyclones(TCs). Three major dynamic and thermodynamic processes governing the TC-induced SST cooling(SSTC), vertical mixing, upwelling and heat flux, are parameterized empirically using a combination of multiple atmospheric and oceanic variables:sea surface height(SSH), wind speed, wind curl, TC translation speed and surface net heat flux. The regression model fits reasonably well with 10-year statistical observations/reanalysis data obtained from 100 selected TCs in the northwestern Pacific during 2001–2010, with an averaged fitting error of 0.07 and a mean absolute error of 0.72°C between diagnostic and observed SST cooling. The results reveal that the vertical mixing is overall the pre dominant process producing ocean SST cooling, accounting for 55% of the total cooling. The upwelling accounts for 18% of the total cooling and its maximum occurs near the TC center, associated with TC-induced Ekman pumping. The surface heat flux accounts for 26% of the total cooling, and its contribution increases towards the tropics and the continental shelf. The ocean thermal structures, represented by the SSH in the regression model,plays an important role in modulating the SST cooling pattern. The concept of the regression model can be applicable in TC weather prediction models to improve SST parameterization schemes. 相似文献
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南太平洋大气和海洋年代际变化与冷空气关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了美国国家环境预报中心和气象研究中心(NCEP／NCAR)1958—1997年的月平均资料和海表面温度异常资料(JONES，1994)，发现南太平洋大气和海洋及赤道东太平洋中存在明显的年代际时间尺度的变化，1972年以前，副热带海区大气旋度场与海表面温度(SST)的变化同步，大气中的变化超前于海洋的变化；1972年以后到90年代初，该海区大气旋度场与海表面温度(SST)的变化趋势相反。研究发现南半球中低纬度之间热量的交换程度与副热带海区年代际时间尺度的变化具有明显的关系，说明南半球大气热通量的经向输送有可能是影响海洋年代际变化的原因之一。相关分析表明，对赤道东太平洋年代际变化的影响海区在南太平洋副热带海区，主要位于南纬20度和25度附近。 相似文献
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为了增进对南印度洋副热带偶极子(Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole,SIOD)年代际变化的认识,基于Hadley中心的海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、美国国家环境预报中心的大气再分析数据集Ⅰ(NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis1,NCEP)的大气再分析数据和欧洲中期天气预报中心的海洋再分析数据(Ocean Reanalysis System 4,ORAS4)等,本文分析了1958～2020年SIOD年代际转变的特征和物理机制。结果显示,2000年之前,SIOD存在2～4 a和4～6 a两个年际主周期,但近20 a(2000～2020年)其年际变化周期以1.5～2.0 a为主。与此同时,SIOD的空间特征及其强度在1987年和2004年左右出现了两次显著的年代际转变:1958～1986年(P1)期间强度最大,1987～2003年(P2)期间最弱,2004～2020年(P3)期间居中;P1期间SIOD的最大正SST异常(sea surface temperature anomalies,SSTA)中心位于(46°～80... 相似文献
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基于NOAA重建的海面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)资料和NCEP再分析大气资料,研究了ENSO(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation)与南海SST关系的年代际变化。结果表明:ENSO影响南海SST的冬、夏季"双峰"现象发生了显著的年代际变化,即冬季的"峰值"自20世纪80年代显著减弱,而夏季的"峰值"稳定持续且在20世纪70年代之后增强;冬季"峰值"的减弱可能与冬季西北太平洋反气旋的年代际变化有关,夏季"峰值"的维持和增强可能与20世纪70年代之后印度洋SST"电容器"效应的增强有关。 相似文献
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厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)现象是地球气候系统中最主要的年际变化信号之一,对其形成机制和预报的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文基于ERSST v4海表面温度资料与NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis大气再分析资料,通过回归分析与合成分析等方法,研究了副热带东北太平洋海区海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)异常信号的传递机制及其与ENSO现象的联系。诊断结果表明,副热带东北太平洋SST异常与ENSO指数有很好的正相关关系。副热带东北太平洋SST异常的暖信号超前于ENSO指数约半年时间,通过风-蒸发-海温的反馈机制,沿东北-西南方向向赤道中太平洋缓慢传递。更进一步的数值实验显示,副热带东北太平洋的正SST异常信号的确可以影响大气环流场,使其西南方向的海面风速减弱,蒸发潜热通量减少,从而使信号向西南方向传递。 相似文献
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使用1982—2014年美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)最优插值(1/4)°逐日海温分析资料、美国国家海洋数据中心(National Oceanographic Data Center,NODC)提供的海洋上层700 m热含量数据和美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC)的热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)最佳路径资料,分析西北太平洋地区(0°~30°N,105°~155°E)TC活动的时空分布特征,探讨TC与海洋上层热状态之间的关系。结果表明:TC频数具有显著的年代际变化特征:1982—1992年和2003—2014年皆为低频期,而1993—2002年则为高频期,33年来TC发生频数表现为缓慢增加—快速增加—减少的特征。最近15年(2000—2014年),TC数量呈现明显下降的趋势。在西北太平洋,TC有3个明显的源地,分别为源地1(10°~22°N、110°~120°E);源地2(8°~20°N、125°~145°E);和源地3(5°~20°N、145°~155°E)。源地1、源地2的频数呈上升趋势,而源地3呈下降趋势。海洋上层热状态的变化给TC带来的影响是多方面的,TC频数对上层热含量(heat content)的响应较明显,而海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)不是影响TC数量变化的主要因素。伴随着海洋上层的增暖,TC的年持续时间有减少趋势,TC强度正在增强。在全球变暖背景下,TC活动给西北太平洋沿岸国家带来的潜在威胁极有可能加剧。 相似文献
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建立二层非线性原始方程海洋模式，采用湍流动能收支参数化风应力产生的垂直混合（夹卷），研究海洋对不同强度和最大风速半径的静止热带气旋（ＴＣ）的响应。数值试验结果表明，由于科氏参数随纬度变化，海洋对热带气旋的响应具有不对称性。热带气旋强度对海流，上混合层（ＵＭＬ）深度和海表温（ＳＳＴ）变化量值产生重大影响，并对它们变化范围影响较大。热带气旋最大风速半径对海流、混合层深度和海表温变化量值的影响不明显，但对它们的变化范围有明显影响。 相似文献
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Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification. 相似文献
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The comparison of altimeter retrieval algorithms of the wind speed and the wave period 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Recent (2007-2010) research results about ocean’s role in climate variation and change by Chinese scientists are highlighted. This paper reviews a majority contributions by Chinese scientists to the understanding of ocean variability and change. This paper starts with the results about the important role of the tropical Indian Ocean in interannual variation of the Asia summer monsoon, the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) and freshwater flux on climate variability in the Pa- cific, and interannual variability research in other oceans. Then results about ocean dynamic and thermodynamic roles in decadal climate variation are reviewed. Finally, the results about oceanic response to global warming are discussed, again showcasing ocean’s important role in climate. 相似文献
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C. J. C. REASON 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2000,52(2):203-223
Observations of multidecadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST), surface air temperature and winds over the Southern Hemisphere are presented and an ocean general circulation model applied towards investigating links between the SST variability and that of the overlying atmosphere. The results suggest that the dynamical effect of the wind stress anomalies is significant mainly in the neighbourhood of the western boundary currents and their outflows across the mid‐latitudes of each Southern Hemisphere basin (more so in the South Indian and South Atlantic than in the South Pacific Ocean) and in the equatorial upwelling zones. Over most of the subtropics to mid‐latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere oceans, changes in net surface heat flux (particularly in latent heat) appear to be more important for the SST variability than dynamical effects. Implications of these results for modelling and understanding low frequency climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere as well as possible links with mechanisms of decadal/interdecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere are discussed. 相似文献
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Better forecast of tropical cyclone(TC) can help to reduce risk and enhance management. The TC forecast depends on the scientific understanding of oceanic processes, air-sea interaction and finally, the atmospheric process. The TC Viyaru is taken as an example, which is formed at the end of 11 May 2013 and sustains up to 17 May 2013 during pre-monsoon season. Argo data are used to investigate ocean response processes by comparing pre-and post-conditions of the TC. Eight oceanic parameters including the sea surface temperature(SST), the sea surface salinity(SSS), and the barrier layer thickness(BLT), the 26°C isotherm depth in the ocean(D26), the isothermal layer depth(ILD), the mixed layer depth(MLD), the tropical cyclone heat potential(TCHP) and the effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis(EOLC) are chosen to evaluate the pre-and post-conditions of the TC along the track of Viyaru. The values of the SST, D26, BLT, TCHP and EOLC in the pre-cyclonic condition are higher than the post-cyclonic condition, while the SSS, ILD and MLD in the post-cyclonic condition are higher than the pre-cyclonic condition of the ocean due to strong cyclonic winds and subsurface upwelling. It is interesting that the strong intensity of the TC reduces less SST and vice versa. The satisfied real time Argo data is not available in the northern Bay of Bengal especially in the coastal region. A weather research and forecasting model is employed to hindcast the track of Viyaru, and the satellite data from the National Center Environmental Prediction are used to assess the hindcast. 相似文献
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Interannual (an annual to a decadal) and decadal sea-level variations along the Japanese coast have been investigated on the basis of monthly mean sea level during the period from 1951 to 1995. For the interannual variation, the Japanese coast is divided into six regions according to a regional similarity of sea level by using the cluster analysis, which is close to Tsumura's (1963) classification. The first mode of the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of the Interannual variation is the simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level along the Japanese coast. The first mode shows the largest variation in winter and has a negative correlation with the wintertime monsoon index; this suggests that the first mode is associated with a steric height change depending on the wintertime cooling intensity. The EOF second mode represents the Kuroshio large meander because strong negative eigenvectors are seen on the southeast coast of Japan and the time coefficient shows a high correlation with the Kushimoto-Uragami sea-level difference. For the decadal sea-level variation, the EOF first mode is a bi-decadal variation exhibiting simultaneous rising and falling of the sea level for the entire Japanese coast. The time coefficient of the first mode shows the first minimum in 1965, reaches a maximum in 1975, and decreases to the second minimum in 1984. The decrease from the mid-1970s and the increase from the mid-1980s to early 1990s correspond to the climatic regime shifts occurring in the same periods. 相似文献
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This study investigated the seasonal variation in the atmospheric response to oceanic mesoscale eddies in the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) and its mechanism, based on satellite altimetric and reanalysis datasets. Although mesoscale eddy in the study area is more active in summer, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly associated with mesoscale eddies is more intense and dipolar in winter, which is largely due to the larger background SST gradient. Similarly, the impact of the oceanic eddy on sea surface wind speed and heat flux is strongest in winter, whereas its effect on precipitation rate is more significant in summer. The study revealed that the SST gradient in STCC could impact the atmosphere layer by up to 800 hPa (900 hPa) in boreal winter (summer) through the dominant vertical mixing mechanism. Moreover, the intensity of the SST gradient causes such seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling in the study region. In brief, a stronger (weaker) background SST gradient field in wintertime (summertime) leads to a larger (smaller) eddy-induced SST anomaly, thus differently impacting atmosphere instability and transitional kinetic energy flux over oceanic eddies, leading to seasonal variation in mesoscale air-sea coupling intensity. 相似文献
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The present study documents the atmosphere–ocean interaction in interannual variations over the South China Sea (SCS). The atmosphere–ocean relationship displays remarkable seasonality and regionality, with an atmospheric forcing dominant in the northern and central SCS during the local warm season, and an oceanic forcing in the northern SCS during the local cold season. During April–June, the atmospheric impact on the sea surface temperature (SST) change is characterized by a prominent cloud-radiation effect in the central SCS, a wind-evaporation effect in the central and southern SCS, and a wind-driven oceanic effect along the west coast. During November–January, regional convection responds to the SST forcing in the northern SCS through modulation of the low-level convergence and atmospheric stability. Evaluation of the precipitation–SST and precipitation–SST tendency correlation in 24 selected models from CMIP5 indicates that the simulated atmosphere–ocean relationship varies widely among the models. Most models have the worst performance in spring. On average, the models simulate better the atmospheric forcing than the oceanic forcing. Improvements are needed for many models before they can be used to understand the regional atmosphere–ocean interactions in the SCS region. 相似文献
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A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is carried out to reveal the relationship between the interannual variation of track and intensity of the western North Pacific tropical cyclones (WNPTCs) in the tropical cyclone (TC) active season (July-November) and the global net air-sea heat flux (Q net ) in the preceding season (April-June). For this purpose, a tropical cyclone track and intensity function (TIF) is defined by a combination of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index and a cyclone track densit... 相似文献