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Jinqiang Zhang Yuejian Xuan Jianchun Bian Holger V?mel Yunshu Zeng Zhixuan Bai Dan Li Hongbin Chen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2024,(1):16-22
从2013年开始,作者团队使用自主研发电化学原理臭氧探空仪在华北平原北京地区进行每周一次观测.本研究首次使用2013-2019年期间北京地区臭氧探空数据评估Aqua卫星搭载大气红外探测仪(AIRS)和Aura卫星搭载微波临边探测器(MLS)反演垂直臭氧廓线,并对比臭氧探空,AIRS和Aura卫星搭载臭氧监测仪(OMI)臭氧柱总量结果.尽管臭氧探空与卫星反演垂直臭氧廓线在局部高度处差异较大,但整体来说两者较为接近(相对偏差大多<10%).臭氧探空,AIRS和OMI三种仪器测量臭氧柱总量的年变化特征较为一致,其年均臭氧柱总量分别为351.8±18.4 DU,348.8±19.5 DU和336.9±14.2 DU.后续对国内多站点观测数据分析将有助于进一步理解臭氧探空与卫星反演臭氧资料在不同区域的一致性. 相似文献
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大气廓线综合探测系统及其应用技术 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
介绍了大气廓线综合探测系统——风廓线仪与RASS雷达的工作原理，并以具体实例来说明这种探测技术在国外高空探测领域中的广泛应用。它可以被用来推算湿度廓线，探测锋的热动力结构与垂直风结构，诊断热带地区行星边界层和降雨云系统。通过对中日科技人员2002年夏季在安徽省肥西县进行的中尺度天气观测试验资料分析，阐述了用风廓线仪和RASS雷达资料反演0．2～2．2km高度范围内湿度廓线的方法。 相似文献
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9914号台风降水云系雨强的三维结构初探 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
利用TRMM卫星的测雨雷达资料，研究了9914号台风降水云系在3个不同时次雨强的水平和垂直结构。结果表明：3个时次层状云降水在像素数量上及对总降水量的贡献上均比对流性降水大；3个时次层状云降水和对流性降水的平均雨强均随台风强度加强有较大的增幅；对流性降水与层状云降水的雨强的垂直廓线有明显的差别，但两类降水廓线本身在3个时次差别不大。对流性降水廓线按斜率不同大致分为3段，雨强均随高度减小，5～6km高度段减速最快。层状云降水廓线大致分为4段，在4．5km高度附近出现明显的亮带结构。 相似文献
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2002年夏季，以北京325m气象塔为观测平台，进行了大气污染物臭氧(O3)及其前体物氮氧化物(NOx)和气象要素加强期的同步观测，并对观测资料做了详尽分析。结果表明：边界层内存在明显的臭氧浓度垂直差异；低层(120m)O3浓度呈明显的日变化，且昼夜振幅较大；夜间高层(280m)O3的化学消耗较弱，可维持较高的浓度；稳定度(Ri)在低层以中性态居多，振幅较小，而在高层以不稳定态居多，振幅较大。两层O3湍流输送通量都呈单峰变化。白天，在O3前体物和局地光化学反应共同作用下，120m左右处的O3污染最大。 相似文献
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使用热带测雨卫星（TRMM）搭载的测雨雷达（PR）2004-2014年长达11 a的连续观测资料对青藏高原东南缘川渝地区不同季节不同降水类型的垂直结构特征进行了统计分析,并建立了相应的气候态反射率垂直廓线（Vertical Profiles of Reflectivity,简称VPR）。结果表明,由于不同的微物理及动力过程,降水类型对反射率垂直廓线的结构特征影响很大,90%的层云0℃层亮带峰值强度低于32 dBz,50%的对流云最大反射率强度超过35 dBz。降水类型及强度均对反射率垂直廓线的形状影响很大,层云系统发生中及大雨时其冰雪区的聚合反应效率明显较发生小雨时高。反射率垂直廓线特征参数具有一定的区域性和季节特征,且地表加热和地形高度的作用会加强上升气流对反射率垂直廓线形态的影响,上升气流的强度影响着冰雪及雨水区的碰并增长率以及低层的蒸发作用,从而进一步影响低层雨区的反射率垂直廓线斜率,边界层的相对湿度是另一个影响雨区反射率垂直廓线斜率及蒸发率的重要因素。星载测雨雷达的云分类算法在青藏高原东南缘地区受到一定的挑战,仍有改进的空间;未来可以将基于星载测雨雷达建立气候态层云典型反射率垂直廓线应用于联合地基天气雷达网观测以弥补后者在复杂地形条件下探测范围及能力受限的缺陷,从而改进雷达定量降水估测的误差。 相似文献
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夏季北京城市大气边界层湍流通量的塔层观测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2003年8月13～26日期间中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层气象塔47、120和280 m 3层高度上三维风速和温度脉动的观测资料,结合涡动相关方法,分析了夏季北京市城市下垫面的动量和感热等湍流通量。结果表明：3层高度上动量通量和感热通量的日变化彼此非常接近, 且3层高度上最大感热通量达到200～250 W·m-2。观测期间盛行南风,120 m高度的水平风速小于10 m·s-1。同时分析了由慢响应传感器采集的15个高度上的气温和8个高度上的相对湿度。结果表明：受地表加热影响,320 m高度上气温和相对湿度的日变化非常显著。不同高度上动量通量和感热通量的比较表明：城市下垫面的空气动力不均匀性比热力不均匀性显著。用廓线法计算了32和65 m高度之间的湍流通量,结果表明：1）夏季晴好天气情况下,北京城市下垫面能量输送以感热为主;2）由廓线法计算得到的动量通量、感热通量和由涡动相关法直接测量结果相近。此外还初步讨论了大气边界层温度、湿度垂直廓线随时间的演变。 相似文献
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临近绿洲的沙漠上空近地面层内水汽输送特征 总被引：20，自引：22，他引：20
1991年7月在HEIFE实验区沙漠站进行了一次水汽输送观测实验。观测发现近地面层内比湿廓线常常出现极小值，该极小值高度为零水汽通量面的高度。这个高度以上水汽向下输送，廓线呈逆湿特征，这个高度以下水汽向上输送，廓线呈蒸发特征。沙漠上空近地面层内水汽不是常通量，在一个固定高度上观测到的水汽通量和“潜热通量”不能代表地面的蒸发量和潜热通量。 相似文献
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刘成 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(2):56-60
利用大连风廓线雷达高时空分辨率风场观测资料,统计2011年雷达站上空各层水平及垂直风速的分布特征.通过分析发现:最大水平风速通常出现在12 km上下,受高空急流的影响,各季节高空最大水平风速出现高度不同,4 km以下高空水平风速随高度的变化各月份存在一定差异,4 km以上至最大风速层,水平风速随高度的升高而增大,最大风速层以上至雷达测量的上限水平风速随高度增加先减小后增大;高空垂直风速在夏季较为明显,秋季次之,冬春季节最小;6月是全年月均垂直风速最大的月份,在500～1300 m高度层存在一个上升气流中心,平均风速大于0.6 m/s,2月各高度平均垂直风速全年最小. 相似文献
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F. C. Fehsenfeld M. J. Bollinger S. C. Liu D. D. Parrish M. McFarland M. Trainer D. Kley P. C. Murphy D. L. Albritton D. H. Lenschow 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1983,1(1):87-105
The seasonal and diurnal variations of ozone mixing ratios have been observed at Niwot Ridge. Colorado. The ozone mixing ratios have been correlated with the NO
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(NO+NO2) mixing ratios measured concurrently at the site. The seasonal and diurnal variations in O3 can be reasonably well understood by considering photochemistry and transport. In the winter there is no apparent systematic diurnal variation in the O3 mixing ratio because there is little diurnal change of transport and a slow photochemistry. In the summer, the O3 levels at the site are suppressed at night due to the presence of a nocturnal inversion layer that isolated ozone near the surface, where it is destroyed. Ozone is observed to increase in the summer during the day. The increases in ozone correlate with increasing NO
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levels, as well as with the levels of other compounds of anthropogenic origin. We interpret this correlation as in-situ or in-transit photochemical production of ozone from these precursors that are transported to our site. The levels of ozone recorded approach 100 ppbv at NO
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mixing ratios of approximately 3 ppbv. Calculations made using a simple clean tropospheric chemical model are consistent with the NO
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-related trend observed for the daytime ozone mixing ratio. However, the chemistry, which does not include nonmethane hydrocarbon photochemistry, underestimates the observed O3 production. 相似文献
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Ozone mixing ratios observed by the Bordeaux microwave radiometer between 1995 and 2002 in an altitude range 25–75 km show diurnal variations in the mesosphere and seasonal variations in terms of annual and semi-annual oscillations (SAO) in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere. The observations with 10–15 km altitude resolution are presented and compared to photochemical and transport model results.Diurnal ozone variations are analyzed by averaging the years 1995–1997 for four representative months and six altitude levels. The photochemical models show a good agreement with the observations for altitudes higher than 50 km. Seasonal ozone variations mainly appear as an annual cycle in the middle and upper stratosphere and a semi-annual cycle in the mesosphere with amplitude and phase depending on altitude. Higher resolution (2 km) HALOE (halogen occultation experiment) ozone observations show a phase reversal of the SAO between 44 and 64 km. In HALOE data, a tendancy for an opposite water vapour cycle can be identified in the altitude range 40–60 km.Generally, the relative variations at all altitudes are well explained by the transport model (up to 54 km) and the photochemical models. Only a newly developed photochemical model (1-D) with improved time-dependent treatment of water vapour profiles and solar flux manages to reproduce fairly well the absolute values. 相似文献
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AbstractA hypothesis has been formulated on the basis of experimental data presented in this article. According to the hypothesis, occurrence of the spring surface ozone maximum at mid-latitudes results from a delay in snow-cover melt. The data were collected at ozone stations in Minsk (Belarus) and Preila (Lithuania). Because the measurements of surface ozone concentration are quite different, despite the close proximity of the stations, a conclusion can be drawn about the significant influence of meteorological parameters on measurements. In addition to a rather subjective and poorly defined parameter—time of snow melt—the difference between the average March temperature and a climatological mean may be treated as a criterion for the presence or absence of the spring ozone maximum. 相似文献
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AbstractThe influence of variations in atmospheric temperature and ozone profiles on the total ozone column (TOC) derived from a Brewer MKII spectrophotometer operating in Thessaloniki, Greece, is investigated using three different sets of ozone absorption cross-sections. The standard Brewer total ozone retrieval algorithm uses the Bass and Paur (1985) cross-sections without accounting for the temperature dependence of the ozone cross-sections which produces a seasonally dependent bias in the measured TOC. The magnitude of this temperature effect depends on the altitude where the bulk of the ozone absorption occurs. Radiosonde measurements for the period 2000 to 2010 combined with climatological ozone profiles were used to calculate the effective temperature of ozone absorption and investigate its effect on the retrieved ozone column. Three different ozone absorption cross-section spectra convolved with the instrument's slit function were used: those of Bass and Paur (hereafter BP), currently used in the standard Brewer retrieval algorithm; those of Brion, Daumont, and Malicet (Malicet et al., 1985; hereafter BDM); and the recently published set by Serdyuchenko et al. (2013 hereafter S13). The temperature dependence of the differential ozone absorption coefficient ranges between 0.09 and 0.13% per degree Celsius for BP, between ?0.11 and ?0.06% per degree Celsius for BDM, and between 0.018 to 0.022% per degree Celsius for S13, resulting in a seasonal bias in the derived TOC of up to 2%, 1.8%, and 0.4%, respectively. The temperature sensitivity of the differential ozone absorption coefficient for the Brewer spectrophotometer at Thessaloniki for the BP and BDM cross-sections is found to be within the range reported for other Brewer instruments in earlier studies, whereas the seasonal bias in TOC is minimized when using the new S13 cross-sections because of their small temperature dependence. 相似文献
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A 2-D global chemistry-transport model is set up in this paper.The model simulates the atmospheric ozone distributions well with specified dynamical conditions.The analysis of ozone variation mechanism shows that ozone is chemically in quasi-equilibrium except for the polar night region where the variation of ozone concentration is under the control of dynamical processes,that the oxygen atoms which produce ozone are mainly provided by the photolysis of O2 in the upper stratosphere and by the photolysis of NO2 in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere.and that the ozone is destroyed mainly by NOx:the reactions between NOx and O3 and the odd oxygen cycle contribute 80% to more than 90% of the ozone destruction. 相似文献
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A 2-D global chemistry-transport model is set up in this paper.The model simulates theatmospheric ozone distributions well with specified dynamical conditions.The analysis of ozonevariation mechanism shows that ozone is chemically in quasi-equilibrium except for the polar nightregion where the variation of ozone concentration is under the control of dynamical processes,thatthe oxygen atoms which produce ozone are mainly provided by the photolysis of O_2 in the upperstratosphere and by the photolysis of NO_2 in the lower stratosphere and the troposphere.and thatthe ozone is destroyed mainly by NO_x:the reactions between NO_x and O_3 and the odd oxygen cyclecontribute 80% to more than 90% of the ozone destruction. 相似文献
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气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文通过对１９９３年春季和春夏之交的O3浓度逐日变化、日变化和气象因子关系的分析，提出了影响O3浓度的主导气象因子和不同情况下形成高浓度O3的主要因子，提出了大风速对逐日变化中O3浓度特高及浓度日变化峰值的重要作用，并指出高温、低湿、小风并不是在所有情况都是促成高浓度O3的因子。另外，雾也可以成为近地面O3浓度增值的因素，主要原因是雾内湍流发展将高浓度O3大量输向下方。 相似文献
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Eugenio Sanhueza Kathleen H. Octavio Alfonso Arrocha 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1985,2(4):377-385
A one-year set of surface ozone measurements in a four-station network located in the Venezuelan savannah is reported. The diurnal ozone variation is typical of continental stations with a maximum in the afternoon, when vertical turbulent mixing is strongest. The annual O3 average concentration, based on the monthly averages of daily maxima, was 17±2 ppb, which is in good agreement with values reported for similar latitudes. The boundary-layer ozone levels did not fall below 8 ppb, in contrast with previous sporadic measurements made in tropical latitudes. No evidence was found that mesoscale O3 downdrafts in the ITCZ in the South American continent are an important source of surface ozone. Finally, it is suggested that the relatively high ozone levels observed at the end of the dry season are probably of photochemical origin. 相似文献
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A photochemical scheme which includes a detailed treatment of multiple scattering up to solar zenith angles of 96° (developed for use in a GCM) has been used to study partitioning within chemical families. Attention is drawn to the different zenith angle dependence of diffuse radiation for the two spectral regions <310 nm and >310 nm. The effect that this has on the so-called 40 km ozone problem is discussed. The importance of correctly including multiple scattering for polar ozone studies is emphasised. 相似文献
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The analysis of surface ozone variability requires besides chemicalstudies the consideration of meteorological conditions and dynamicprocesses. Our research focuses on the mechanisms in connection with coldfront passages. A statistical study and case studies of cold front passageswere carried out at six German ground-based sites during the year 1990.After the passage of cold fronts three typical developments of thenear-ground ozone concentrations could be identified. Usually the ozoneconcentrations decrease due to advection of clean air masses or due toenhanced cloudiness preventing the photochemical production of ozone,chemical destruction by nitrogenoxides, and heterogeneous chemistry. In somecases the concentrations increased by reason of downward mixing of ozoneenriched air intruded from the stratosphere into the troposphere bytropopause foldings. For a few cases no modification set in. The decreasewas mostly twice as strong as the increase. The latter was between 4 and 8ppb on the average. Special emphasis is given to the transport ofstratospheric ozone down to the ground. There is no direct evidence forstratospheric ozone at ground level, because it cant be distinguished fromthe tropospheric one, but from case studies circumstantial evidence is foundin favour of it. As an example of increasing ozone behind the passage ofcold fronts one case study typical of all other case studies is presented.It shows the characteristic properties of the corresponding fronts, whichare fast movement, a vertical split structure and strong convection. 相似文献