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1.
禁忌搜索在确定土坡危险滑动面中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
韩同春  杨晓军 《岩土力学》2005,26(9):1414-1416
在土坡稳定的计算过程中常采用经典的极限平衡法。对每一条可能的圆弧滑动面通过条分法计算其安全系数,最小的安全系数就代表了土坡的实际安全系数。在此过程中,滑动面的圆心坐标和半径可以视为安全系数的函数,滑动面的圆心坐标和半径是自变量,安全系数就是函数值。这样,土坡安全系数的计算过程实际上是对安全系数这个函数求极值的过程。通过将土坡的安全系数视为圆心坐标和滑弧半径的函数,应用连续变量的禁忌搜索技术计算土坡稳定安全系数,提高土坡稳定计算的可靠性。  相似文献   

2.
Rainfall weakens an earth slope and triggers mass movement. Relevant triggering mechanisms are complex and include reduction of capillary pressure due to increased saturation and frictional drag on the sediment induced by fluid flow. Physics‐based continuum models utilizing modern computational tools are useful for understanding the mechanisms of deformation in partially saturated slopes; however, they do not provide a scalar indicator called ‘factor of safety’ that measures the potential of a given slope for mass movement. In the present work, we employ sequential calculations consisting of a physics‐based finite element model that couples solid deformation with fluid flow to quantify the stress and deformation fields in a steep hillside slope subjected to rainfall infiltration. This is followed by a limit‐equilibrium calculation based on the method of slices that evaluates the desired factor of safety. The field condition investigated is similar to the steep experimental catchment CB1 near Coos Bay, Oregon, which failed as a large debris flow from heavy rainfall. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Liu  Chun  Li  Weiyue  Wu  Hangbin  Lu  Ping  Sang  Kai  Sun  Weiwei  Chen  Wen  Hong  Yang  Li  Rongxing 《Natural Hazards》2013,69(3):1477-1495

Landslides are occurring more frequently in China under the conditions of extreme rainfall and changing climate, according to News reports. Landslide hazard assessment remains an international focus on disaster prevention and mitigation, and it is an important step for compiling and quantitatively characterizing landslide damages. This paper collected and analyzed the historical landslide events data of the past 60 years in China. Validated by the frequencies and distributions of landslides, nine key factors (lithology, convexity, slope gradient, slope aspect, elevation, soil property, vegetation coverage, flow, and fracture) are selected to construct landslide susceptibility (LS) empirical models by back-propagation artificial neural network method. By integrating landslide empirical models with surface multi-source geospatial and remote sensing data, this paper further performs a large-scale LS assessment throughout China. The resulting landslide hazard assessment map of China clearly illustrates the hot spots of the high landslide potential areas, mostly concentrated in the southwest. The study implements a complete framework of multi-source data collecting, processing, modeling, and synthesizing that fulfills the assessment of LS and provides a theoretical basis and practical guide for predicting and mitigating landslide disasters potentially throughout China.

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4.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001034   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
A comprehensive methodology that integrates Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) model and Geographic Information System(GIS) techniques was adopted to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of a forested mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala,India.The spatial pattern of annual soil erosion rate was obtained by integrating geo-environmental variables in a raster based GIS method.GIS data layers including,rainfall erosivity(R),soil erodability(K),slope length and steepness(LS),cover management (C) and conservation practice(P) factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the area.The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 17.73 t h-1 y-1 with a close relation to grass land areas,degraded forests and deciduous forests on the steep side-slopes(with high LS ).The spatial erosion maps generated with RUSLE method and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas.  相似文献   

5.
颗粒流强度折减法和重力增加法的边坡安全系数研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
周健  王家全  曾远  贾敏才 《岩土力学》2009,30(6):1549-1554
将强度折减法和重力增加法的思路引入离散单元法,对土坡安全系数的评价作尝试性研究。运用颗粒流软件,采用强度折减法和重力增加法对边坡进行稳定分析。结果表明颗粒流计算得到的结果与有限元和条分法计算结果比较接近,为计算边坡稳定开辟了一条新的途径。采用颗粒流求解边坡的安全系数不需要条分,也即不需要对条间力做假定,同时不需要假定滑移面的位置和形状,颗粒根据所受到的接触力调整其位置,最终从抗剪强度最弱面发生剪切破坏。最后对强度折减法的不等比例折减提出了不同观点,为今后的研究提供思路。  相似文献   

6.
吴世余  余金煌 《岩土力学》2009,30(10):3151-3153
根据努美罗夫的理论解,附加渗径 与上游水深H成正比,与单宽流量与渗透系数的比值q/k成反比。按该理论解的浸润线方程,应用数值积分法求出比例系数 和 ,并提出了有足够精度的拟合式。边坡有压流的附加渗径 仅与透水层厚度T成正比,而和H、q/k无关, 。根据计算结果, 。对于 反比于q/k,文中作了分析和解释。该计算方法还可推广应用于上游坡下有一定厚度覆盖层的附加渗径计算,并且对附加渗径的各计算式作了比较和分析,并以实例说明了如何应用附加渗径计算堤坝的渗流。  相似文献   

7.
文章以绞东滑坡为例,利用多期光学影像和Sentinel-1A降轨数据对绞东滑坡的崩滑时间和历史活动性进行了分析,根据分析结果将绞东滑坡斜坡区划分为三个区域,其中两个已滑滑区(A区、C区)和一个潜在滑区(B区)。在此基础上,通过滑坡碎屑流和岩体势能之间的计算方程反演了已滑滑坡的体积规模和滑体平均厚度,并基于已滑滑坡对潜在滑区可能造成的灾情进行了预测,认为潜在滑区在全部滑坡的情况下存在堵江风险。文中研究认为,在遥感手段识别滑坡活动性的基础上,利用遥感影像、DEM等数据,通过计算滑坡碎屑流和岩体势能之间的关系,可进行实测数据难以获取区域的滑坡规模与滑体平均厚度估算,进而进行险情评估,为滑坡防治提供指导。  相似文献   

8.
喀喇昆仑山西北部冰川运动速度地形控制特征   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为了探讨地形和海拔对冰川季节和年平均运动速度的影响程度,利用2013-2018年GoLive数据与ASTER GDEM V2数据对喀喇昆仑山西北部3 389条冰川的地形(坡度、坡向、海拔)和冰川运动速度进行了综合分析。结果表明:冰川表面运动速度在物质平衡线处(3 970~4 770 m)达到最快,是冰川积极维持物质平衡的一种体现。坡度平缓地区在不同海拔下的冰川运动速度有明显的差别,但是不同坡度地区的冰川运动速度随海拔变化的趋势基本一致,均呈现先增大后减小。北坡冰川运动速度较平稳,南坡和西南坡的冰川运动速度(均为0.25 m·d-1)最快并且变化幅度较大,最小值与最大值相差近4倍。冰川运动速度不是呈现单一的季节性变化,同时还会受到地形的控制。低海拔区域冰川运动速度在消融期(3-6月)较快,中海拔区域在消融前(11月至次年2月)较快。  相似文献   

9.
泥石流是我国山区常见的地质灾害,为了定量研究泥石流灾害致灾因子的敏感性并确定各个致灾因子的权重大小,本文通过野外调查、数理统计法和层次分析法对龙溪河流域泥石流灾害的主要致灾因子进行定性规律分析和定量权重计算。结果表明:(1)泥石流灾害的发生与致灾因子的敏感性区间主要定性表现为:流域面积小于1 km2以内、高差在200~400 m范围内、距断层距离为0~2 km、山坡坡度30°~50°、岩性为砂岩、纵比降在400‰~600‰等,其泥石流发生与致灾因子具有相关性,且相关性较好;(2)选取了泥石流灾害致灾因子中的历史因子、地形因子、地质因子和降雨因子等4个一级因子以及流域面积、高程、相对高差、纵坡比、地层岩性等14个二级因子建立层次分析模型和计算判断矩阵,定量计算权重值得出降雨,流域面积,地层岩性,纵比降等四个因子对泥石流发生的敏感性最强。这一结论具有普遍性,可对该区域泥石流的易发性,危险性,风险性评价提供一定的数据参考意义。  相似文献   

10.
A new theoretical scheme is presented to model the shape of a sand dune at equilibrium that does not require iterative calculations of the interaction between the wind flow and topography. The model is constructed by incorporating theory based on aerodynamics into a grain‐scale model that estimates the shear velocity at the dune crest through the calculation of the sand trapping efficiency of the slipface in the lee of the dune. Published field data, collected in southern Peru, California and southern Morocco, show that as a dune becomes higher the windward slope becomes steeper. For the model proposed, the wind flow over a dune was first assumed to be similar to that over a Gaussian hill. By further assuming a fixed shear velocity on the level surface, the windward slope angle and migration speed of dunes in southern Peru can be explained. To comply with all available data, some aspects are still open to further investigation. However the theoretical insight presented herein implies that the upper limit of dune height may be greater in windier environments.  相似文献   

11.
地震或强降雨诱发滑坡,滑坡体碰撞解体形成碎屑物质堆积在沟道内,在后期降雨作用下形成泥石流,这是泥石流形成的一种方式,可称为滑坡碎屑堆积体泥石流。笔者分析了影响碎屑堆积体泥石流起动的特征参数,通过实验研究了碎屑堆积体泥石流形成的过程,分析了堆积体表面坡度、黏粒质量分数、中值粒径(d50)以及不均匀系数(Cu)对泥石流形成的影响。结果表明:碎屑堆积体表面坡度对形成泥石流所需单宽流量无明显影响;黏粒质量分数在不大于5%时仅影响碎屑堆积体侵蚀,对碎屑堆积体揭底所需单宽流量无明显影响;影响碎屑堆积体形成泥石流所需单宽流量的因素主要为中值粒径和不均匀系数--随堆积体中值粒径、不均匀系数的增大而增大。通过实验数据拟合得出了中值粒径和不均匀系数与泥石流形成和揭底所需单宽流量的公式;由于公式中只考虑了影响碎屑堆积体形成泥石流的两个主要因素(d50Cu),因此对比水文计算结果偏小,但整体趋势基本一致。在实际应用到这类泥石流沟时,可通过修正进行预测。  相似文献   

12.
某大型堆积体边坡成因机制分析及治理措施研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
邓华锋  朱敏  原先凡  马莉  罗骞  胡鹏 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z1):285-292
针对我国西南地区水电工程建设中经常遇到的堆积体边坡问题,以堆积体边坡的岩体结构特征及工程地质、环境条件为基础,结合现场踏勘在地表、平硐中看到的地质现象和钻孔岩芯资料,详细地分析了堆积体边坡的成因机制和演化过程,并恢复出其形成的概化地质模型。结果显示,堆积体边坡整体为崩塌堆积物,但在形成过程中堆积体一区中上部发生了较大方量的局部破坏,导致了堆积体一、二区地貌和内部结构的差异。对堆积体边坡的稳定性进行了宏观定性评价和详细计算分析,结果表明堆积体整体趋于稳定,但覆盖层浅、中部存在局部稳定性较差的区域。为保证工程的后期正常运营,在综合考虑工程、环境、经济等方面因素的基础上,对堆积体一区采取压脚的处理方式,二区采取削坡减载加挡土墙的处理方式。分析计算成果为工程设计提供了必需的指导和合理的依据,同时也可为类似工程的分析提供参考  相似文献   

13.
为了研究大范围内区域斜坡的稳定性,本文提出了一套基于典型剖面分析的区域斜坡稳定性分区方法。首先,在ArcGIS水文分析的基础上划分斜坡单元;其次,利用MATLAB开发程序,完成斜坡单元的剖分、典型剖面的搜索和提取工作;再次,利用MATLAB动态生成FLAC2D命令流文件,自动计算得到区域斜坡稳定性系数的分布;最后,基于定量计算在ArcGIS中对区域斜坡进行稳定性分区评价。本文选取陕西耀县幅1:5万环境地质调查区内黄土斜坡较发育段作为研究对象,对本方法进行验证。计算结果:(1)研究区域划分为不稳定区、基本稳定区和稳定区3个区;(2)整个方法体系采取智能化的设计理念,各计算步骤之间自动调用执行,程序衔接良好;(3)将GIS分析与外部计算相结合,实现单个斜坡的稳定性计算到区域的推广。  相似文献   

14.
基流分割的简便计算法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
苏菊 《地下水》2003,25(2):110-112
鉴于基流分割计算费时,效率低。本文提出一种基流分割的简便计算方法。该法是将实测径流过程点绘在半对数纸上,以直线连接过程线的相应起涨点和拐点,然后建立该直线的数学模型,用积分法求直线以下部分的基流量。与一般列表法相比,其具有速度快、精度高等特点。  相似文献   

15.
田仁飞  曹俊兴 《物探与化探》2008,32(4):430-433,441
伪谱法求解波动方程的常规算法,运算量大,运算时间长。笔者综合提高伪谱法计算精度和效率的方法,改进了常规计算流程里计算傅氏变换和反变换中需要多次使用计算的常量,把这些常量提到时间循环体外,从而避免很多重复运算,减少了运算次数,使运算效率提高了一倍以上,并结合目前隐蔽圈闭在油气勘探中的重要性,构建了隐蔽圈闭中一种特殊的构造,即透镜体模型,模拟了高速和低速透镜体模型中的井间波场特征,对比分析了2种模型的合成井间地震记录、时间切片及振幅特征,与理论分析的结果能够很好的相吻合。  相似文献   

16.
基于Hoek-Brown准则的三维边坡变形稳定性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
林杭  曹平  李江腾  江学良  何忠明 《岩土力学》2010,31(11):3656-3660
采用Hoek-Brown准则,分析三维边坡在开挖扰动下的变形稳定性。以某露天矿边坡为工程背景,利用快速拉格朗日差分法(FLAC3D)建立三维数值分析模型,并在边坡中布置若干监测点,利用FISH语言编制相应位移插值程序,探讨边坡开挖引起的动静态位移响应,从宏观角度揭示出边坡开挖后,不同区域的变形,为工程实践提供指导;介绍了强度折减技术在Hoek-Brown准则中的实施方法,采用计算不收敛失稳判据,计算边坡安全系数,从而进一步推广Hoek-Brown强度折减法在三维边坡稳定性分析中的应用。  相似文献   

17.
基于场变量的边坡稳定分析有限元强度折减法?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李宁  许建聪 《岩土力学》2012,33(1):314-318
有限元强度折减法在实施过程中往往要根据不同的折减系数手工修改输入文件,并不断进行试算,过程较繁琐。为了简化计算过程,提高计算效率,在有限元强度折减法的基础上,结合ABAQUS提供的场变量,提出一种适用于有限元强度折减计算的新方法--基于场变量的有限元强度折减法。通过在ABAQUS中设置岩土体黏聚力与内摩擦角为场变量的函数,场变量为增量步时间t的函数,从而通过控制增量步时间t实现黏聚力与内摩擦角的折减,通过一次计算即可求得边坡的安全系数,无需手工修改折减系数反复试算。结合有关文献对该方法用于边坡稳定分析的可行性进行了验证,并与二分法确定安全系数的计算效率进行了比较。结果表明:该方法求得的安全系数是有效可靠的,用于边坡稳定性的计算是可行的,简化了有限元强度折减法的计算过程,提高了计算效率。  相似文献   

18.
TOPMODEL中地形指数计算方法的探讨   总被引:31,自引:2,他引:31       下载免费PDF全文
地形指数ln(α/tanβ)是一些以物理概念为基础的水文模型的重要参数。TOPMODEL是以计算ln(α/tanβ)指数及其分布为基础的。对于栅格DEM,α为上坡区域通过单位等高线长汇集到单元网格内的面积,反映径流在流域中任一点的累积趋势,tanβ为单元网格的坡角,反映重力使径流顺坡移动的趋势。目前普遍使用的计算该地形指数的方法为多流向法。方法中计算α和tanβ用的均是与流出单元网格流向垂直的等高线长。另外计算下坡单元网格累积汇流面积时没有考虑欲计算ln(α/tanβ)值的单元网格的面积。这些是不合理的。计算α值应该用与流入单元网格流向垂直的等高线长,据此提出了改进后的ln(α/tanβ)的计算方法。方法中计算下坡单元累积汇流面积时包括了欲计算ln(α/tanβ)的单元网格的面积。分析了两种方法计算结果间的差值。  相似文献   

19.
The movement of resource subsidies across natural systems can have important effects on recipient communities and has emerged as a key research area in ecology. Detrital subsidies are critical in marine ecosystems where communities are reliant on external sources of primary production, yet few studies have quantified the spatial extent of drift algae at coastal scales. Using observations of the seafloor (up to 140 m depth) from tow-camera surveys along 145 km of Nova Scotia coast, and bathymetric data of this region, we created the first predictive map of drift subsidy in a marine ecosystem. We used a random forest model to generate our predictions, which correctly classified 95 % of observations into a presence or absence of drift. Distance from source, slope, and bathymetric position index (elevation relative to surrounding landscape) was the main predictor variables of the occurrence of drift. Drift algae occurred across a range of benthic habitats within our study area, but most frequently within 1.4 km of the coast on flat bottoms or in regions with zero or negative bathymetric position index. Such areas were coincident with seafloor depressions and flat low-energy habitats. Repeated observations at some locations indicated that areas with steep slopes or large curvature tended to have variable patterns of drift compared to areas with little or no slope or curvature. We predict that deep subtidal environments receiving drift subsidy will be impacted by the declines in kelp biomass projected for this region (and others) due to changes in ocean climate.  相似文献   

20.
Flat surfaces or areas with no local gradient are general types of terrain in raster Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). When a DEM is used for automated hydrological analysis, it is necessary to assign flow directions over flat surfaces. This paper presents an improved algorithm for assigning flow directions over flat surfaces that builds on earlier work and offers efficiency improvements. The improved algorithm use distance transform method to calculate the distance values of cells in flat surfaces towards lower terrain and away from higher terrain, which can replace the recursive process in the earlier algorithm by a linear process, and reduce random data access. Furthermore, the improved algorithm assigns weights with different values and signs to the two distance values to guarantee that all flat surfaces are drained, which avoids the need to label each flat surface using the flood-fill algorithm in the earlier work. Comparisons of speed indicate that the improved algorithm is more efficient in assigning flow directions over flat surfaces.  相似文献   

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