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1.
准两年振荡及其对东亚大气环流和气候的影响 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
通过多年资料分析,本文研究了平流层准两年振荡(QBO)的演变特征及其对东亚及西太平洋地区大气环流和气候变化的影响.结果表明,平流层QBO的演变特征是:东风向西风转换最早出现在印度洋赤道地区;西风向东风转换最早出现在美洲和西太平洋赤道地区.中国东部降水量、气温以及西太平洋副高和东亚急流都有准两年周期变化,并同平流层QBO有密切关系;平流层QBO对西太平洋台风活动也有一定影响,QBO的西风位相期西太平洋台风偏少.另外,ENSO对于平流层QBO有明显影响,一般在ENSO发生之后,QBO的西风位相期持续时间缩短. 相似文献
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中国降水准2年主振荡模态与全球500 hPa环流联系的年代际变化 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用近51年(1951～2001年)观测资料,研究太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)冷暖位相中国降水量准2年主振荡型传播特征的差异,并讨论对应的全球500 hPa环流低频波列传播途径的变化及可能原因.同时提出年际振荡强度不稳定指数,讨论了中国降水和全球500 hPa高度准2年周期振荡(QBO)强度时间不稳定的空间分布.通过主振荡型分析(POP)发现,在PDO冷位相(1951～1976年),准2年时间尺度的中国降水POP1的主要活动区域在长江中游地区,对应的500 hPa低频场是大西洋欧亚波列(AEU)和西大西洋遥相关型(WA)以及南太平洋副热带波列(SSP);在PDO暖位相(1977～2001年),POP1的活动区域迅速北移并扩大到整个长江和淮河流域,对应的500 hPa低频场变为欧亚太平洋-南印度洋-南北大西洋波列(EUP-SI-SNA).因此,PDO冷暖位相中影响中国降水准2年主振荡模态的低频波列的传播途径和强度存在显著差异,PDO对中国降水量准2年主振荡型主要模态(POP1)及其伴随的全球500 hPa环流低频波列活动区域的时间变化有重要调制作用,与两个半球中纬度西风气流强度的年代际变化密切相关.由振荡强度时间变化指数分析表明,中国降水QBO强度不稳定区域位于长江中游、长江下游、浙江东部、广东东部、华北地区和青藏高原东北侧附近地区,这些地区降水QBO的强度随PDO位相转变而发生显著的年代际突变.对于全球500 hPa高度,其QBO强度不稳定区域在南太平洋中高纬度、副热带南北大西洋地区和亚洲、北太平洋、北美大陆中高纬度地区、北半球副热带西太平洋地区以及南北半球热带和副热带东太平洋地区,表现为对于赤道的非对称空间分布,特别是南北太平洋热带和副热带地区500hPa环流QBO强度在年代际时间尺度上呈现正负反向变化的空间结构,而且南北极附近地区的QBO强度在PDO暖位相显著增强,反映了全球大气环流QBO强度与PDO相互作用的空间特征. 相似文献
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热带平流层臭氧准两年周期振荡的特征及数值模拟 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
利用HALOE的观测资料、对热带地区平流层臭氧垂直分布的年际变化及其准两年周期振荡（QBO）进行研究，并同赤道上空平均的纬向风场的准两年周期振荡进行了模拟研究。资料分析结果表明，平流层臭氧浓度高值区的位置在南北方向上和垂直方向上的有明显的准两年周期，臭氧浓度高值中心的南北移动和上下移动又引起局地臭氧总量的周期性变化和准两年周期振荡南北半球不对称。而臭氧浓度中心位置的准两年周期变化与赤道上空平均纬向风的准两年周期振荡密切相关。资料分析还表明，赤道上空平流层中臭氧浓度QBO的位相随高度变化多次。模拟试验表明，纬向风QBO引起垂直经圈环流的变化，在平流层有三对余差环流圈。它们对O3在不同纬度和高度的输送是引起O3准两年周期振荡的重要动力原因。其中，余差环流在平流层中层（25－35km)的环流圈起着重要的作用。 相似文献
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利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡 (简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验。模拟中 ,输入纬向风QBO的值 ,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布 ,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比。在第I部分HALOE资料分析的基础上 ,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡 ,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系。结果表明 :模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致 ,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下 ,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡 ;与臭氧的QBO比较 ,发现在2 8km以下 ,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相 ,而在 2 8km以上 ,它们则是反位相 ,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合。文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析 ,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性 相似文献
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NOx的准两年周期变化及其与臭氧准两年周期振荡的关系Ⅱ.模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的二维模式就纬向风的准两年周期振荡(简称QBO)对平流层微量元素分布的影响进行数值模拟试验.模拟中,输入纬向风QBO的值,计算出NOx、臭氧浓度和各种气象要素的垂直经向分布,并与不考虑QBO强迫的数值模拟结果进行对比.在第Ⅰ部分HALOE资料分析的基础上,进一步讨论了在纬向风QBO的影响下NOx浓度垂直分布的变化及其准两年周期振荡,并研究了NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO的关系.结果表明:模拟六年平均的NOx混合比分布与观测结果基本一致,并且在纬向风场QBO强迫下,NOx混合比扰动有明显的准两年周期振荡;与臭氧的QBO比较,发现在28 km以下,NOx的QBO与臭氧QBO同位相,而在28 km以上,它们则是反位相,与HALOE资料的观测结果基本吻合.文中对模拟得到的由于风场QBO引起的余差环流输送作用做了进一步的分析,并讨论了在不同高度的气层中余差环流的输送作用与NOx破坏作用在臭氧QBO形成中的相对重要性. 相似文献
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利用ＮＭＣ客观分析８５０ｈＰａ（１９７４．１２－１９８８．２）和２００ｈＰａ（１９６８．３－１９８８．２）平均纬向风资料，对其准两年振荡和准３－４年振荡进行了研究。结果发现：纬向风准两年、准３－４年振荡在热带地区上、下层均一致自西向东传播，但位相相反；在中纬度地区，纬向风准两年、准３－４年振荡上、下层均盛行自西向东传播，且位相一致；西太平洋地区低层纬向风准３－４年振荡均为从南、北半球中纬度地区向赤 相似文献
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热带准两年振荡影响北半球冬季大气环流的诊断分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,首先讨论了热带纬向风准两年振荡(QBO)的东、西风位相的划分标准.结果发现,赤道50 hPa的风与西风深厚度关系最密切,即赤道50 hPa的纬向平均风为西(东)风时往往代表平流层下层为一层深厚的西(东)风.在此基础上诊断分析了1958/1959～1997/1998年共40个冬季中热带纬向风QBO对北半球中高纬度地区纬向平均环流和准定常行星波传播的影响.诊断分析表明,热带QBO对北半球冬季大气环流的影响主要表现在平流层和对流层上层.热带QBO的东风位相年与西风位相年相比,中高纬地区的绕极西风环流明显减弱,中低纬地区则出现相反变化,从而在平流层的纬向平均环流分布上呈现偶极子形式.纬向平均流的这种年际变化可以很好地用中高纬度准定常行星波传播的异常加以解释,QBO的东风位相年和西风位相年相比,中高纬准定常行星波向极地的传播更强,从而在高纬度平流层产生异常的E-P通量辐合,波-流相互作用的结果使得西风减弱.但是热带纬向风QBO的影响在1958/1959～1997/1998年的前后20年有所差异.后20年相对于前20年而言,东西风位相的差异有所减小,Hol-ton-Tan振荡明显减弱;就行星波传播而言,东风位相年下,前20年行星波向上传播较弱,而后20年则以大约70°N为分界点,以南向上传播较强,以北向上传播较弱.这种差异可能跟中高纬度纬向西风的自身变化有关. 相似文献
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本文用13年夏半年(5—10月)月平均风场和两年逐日风场资料研究了200hPa南亚热带东风急流的气候学特征和中期振荡过程。研究表明,南亚夏季热带东风急流显著的非季节性变动和年际差异与低纬对流层高层大尺度环流变化和南亚夏季风活动密切相关,相对于多年平均而言,存在5类异常的东风急流。 各种分析表明,热带东风带存在三种主要的中期振荡。准50天周期振荡与夏季南亚对流层上部大尺度散度场的变化相关联,表现为十分显著的向南的位相传播。准50天和25天振荡均存在显著的年际变化。准50天周期振荡系统性不强的年份,准25天周期振荡是低纬行星波的主要振荡,在东风急流区除表现为系统性向西传播外也表现为向南的位相传播。准双周振荡在东风带一般向西传播。 相似文献
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利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪（MLS）资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳（CO）体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡（QBO）在30 hPa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 hPa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 hPa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。 相似文献
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THE INTERANNUAL OSCILLATION OF RAINFALL OVER CHINA AND ITS RELATION TO THE INTERANNUAL OSCILLATION OF THE AIR-SEA SYSTEM* 
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下载免费PDF全文 The quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO) and 3.5 years quasi-periodic oscillation(named TO hereafter) are exhibited in most of 48 weather stations of China by applying power spectrum analysis to the monthly rainfall data for the period from Jan. 1933 to Dec. 1987. In order to reveal the features of QBO and TO components, another rainfall data set in 160 stations over China for the period from Jan. 1951 to Dec. 1987 was analysed by means of a new method named complex empirical orthogonal function(CEOF). The results show that both QBO and TO modes exhibit two propagation ways:one originates in Northeast China, extends southward, passes through North China and reaches the eastern part of Northwest China and the northern part of Southwest China; the other appears over Guangdong and Fujian, then moves northward and westward respectively to the Huanghe-Huaihe Basin and Southwest China.These two paths of oscillation meet over North China and the area between the Changjiang River and the Huanghe River. A significant correlation exists between the interannual oscillation of the rainfall over China and that of the sea surface temperature(SST) at the equator. Although the correlation between the rainfall over China and the SST over the equatorial eastern Pacific is rather weak, the correlation between their oscillation component is pronounced. 相似文献
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Researchers have paid much attention to the influence of the tropical zonal wind quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on tropical methane, while generally ignoring the change in extra-tropical methane. The present study analyzed the interannual changes in the methane mixing ratio in extra-tropics of both the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Northern Hemisphere (NH) using Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) satellite data. The results show that interannual changes in extra-tropical methane exhibit QBO features in both hemispheres that are obviously different from those in the tropics. The extra-tropical methane QBO perturbations usually occur in two layers and are longitudinally asymmetrical about the equator. The amplitude of the methane QBO disturbance in the extra-tropics is smaller than that in the tropics from 10 to 1 hPa but much larger in the layer from 30 to 10 hPa. The interannual relative changes in the methane mixing ratio are similar in both the NH extra-tropics and the tropics in the middle and upper stratosphere. Using the National Center for Atmospheric Research two-dimensional, interactive chemical dynamical radiative model (SOCRATES), simulation was conducted to investigate the mechanism of the extra-tropical methane QBO. The results indicate that the tropical stratospheric zonal wind QBO results in the QBO of the induced residual circulation. It is the transport of methane by the induced residual circulation that causes the methane QBO in the extra-tropics. The induced residual circulations in the middle and upper stratosphere are not always longitudinally symmetrical about the equator, resulting in different distribution of the methane QBO in the SH and NH extra-tropics. 相似文献
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A simplified data set with 8°×8° grid system in a region of 32°S-32°N from 1951 to 1979 for the elements of sea surface temperature (SST),zonal wind at sea level (U),sea level pressure (SLP) and total cloud amount (CA) is made from the COADS.The oscillation components with periods of 2 years (QBO),3.5 years (SO) and 5.5 years (FYO) in interannual low-frequency oscillations have been studied by using the methods of extended EOF (EEOF) and lag comelation analysis with the oscillational components of SST in the equator of eastern Pacific as the reference element.In our paper,the relationship between oscillation components and occumence of El Nino is also investigated. 相似文献
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近百年东亚季风长期变化中主周期振荡的奇异谱分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
运用海平面气压场资料，计算１８７３—１９９０年的东亚冬、夏季风强度指数，并利用奇异谱分析方法（ＳＳＡ）对这百年的东亚季风长期变化的周期活动进行了研究。研究表明：东亚冬、夏季风都存在准２ａ（ＱＢＯ）、３—６ａ（ＬＦＯ）的年际振荡，１６—１８ａ（ＩＤＯ）的年代际振荡和长期变化趋势。各振荡分量都具有年代际的差别，这种特征ＱＢＯ表现得最典型。冬季风的ＱＢＯ在１９２０年代前振幅较小，且大约呈现１２ａ的大振幅和６ａ的小振幅波状的周期变化；夏季风的ＱＢＯ振幅变化与冬季风相反，且大约呈现６ａ的大振幅和３ａ的小振幅波状的周期变化。夏季风中的年代际变化影响较小。 相似文献
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The time series of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), zonal wind (U) and total cloudiness (CA), for the period of 1950-1979, over a 8o×8o grid-point latitudinal belt between 32oS and 32oN are made from COADS (Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set). The time harmonic analysis and power spectra analysis show that there exist quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), three and half years oscillation (SO), five and half years oscillation (FYO) and eleven years oscillation (EYO) in these time series. The main propagation characteristics of these interannual low-frequency oscillations are as follows:(1) The variance analysis of SST shows that there is an active region of QBO and SO (with maximum variance), coming from the southwestern part of the subtropical Pacific, stretching eastward up to the west coast of South America, and then northward to the eastern equatorial Pacific. The QBO and SO disturbances of SST follow the same route and cause the anomaly of SST (El Nino and period of cold water) in the eastern equatorial Pacific.(2) Either the QBO or SO of SST can cause El Nino events, although it is easier when they are situated in the same phase of warm water at the eastern equatorial Pacific. The FYO of SST seems to be a standing oscillation. It plays an important role on the formation of strong El Nino events or strong cold water events.(3) The QBO and SO of U propagate eastward along the equator. The origin of QBO and SO may at least be traced as far as the western Indian Ocean. While they propagate along the equator, it strengthens two times at 90oE and the western Pacific, respectively. Like SST, the FYO of U is somehow a standing oscillation.(4) The Oscillations of U have a good coupling relationship with those of SST, while they propagate. When the QBO and SO of SST move to the east side of the eastern equatorial Pacific, it is the time for the QBO and SO of U to enter into the east part of the western Pacific.It is clear that, when we do research work on the formation of El Nino events, our consideration would not be confined to the tropics, it should cover the subtropical region in the southern Pacific. The features of the circulation and other oceanic states in this area are very important to the El Nino events. 相似文献
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INTERANNUAL LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS OF MERIDIONAL WINDS OVER THE EQUATORIAL INDIAN-PACIFIC OCEANS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on analysis of the meridional winds over oceanic areas and SST for 1950-1979 extracted from the data sets of COADS, the long-term variability of the meridional winds over the equatorial Indian-Pacific oceans and its relationship to the onset and development of El Nino events have been studied. The major results are as follows:(1) There is a great similarity between ITCZ over the Pacific and SST in the seasonal trend, with ITCZ and high SST found in the Southern Hemisphere in winter and in the Northern Hemisphere in summer.During El Nino years, unusual meridional winds were often observed, with significant convergence of meridional winds occurring over near-equatorial regions.(2) For the near-equatorial meridional winds, there are three types of interannual LFO:QBO, SO, FYO. QBO plays an important role in the unusual behavior of meridional winds for El Nino years, while SO is very important for both El Nino and cold water years. These two oscillations may fit well to the observed variation in the meridional wind. FYO may enhance the variation of meridional winds.(3) Interannual LFO of meridional winds originates in the Indian Ocean-Maritime Continent and coastal area of East Pacific. Unusual activities of winter monsoon in both hemispheres and trade winds off the coastal area of East Pacific are believed to be their major cause.(4) Monsoon-trade interaction shows up in the significant amplification of the disturbances of meridional winds while they propagate eastward from monsoon area to trade wind area. 相似文献
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The characteristics of 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO ) of the outgoing longwave radiation data (OLR) and its relations to the interannual oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by using the daily OLR data for the period from January, 1979 to December, 1987 and the corresponding monthly SST data. II is found that the LFO the band the interannual oscillations of the SST monthly anomaly (SSTA) interact each oth-er and they all relate to the occurrence and development of El Nino events closely. Before El Nino event happens, it contributes to the SST’s warming up and to the SST’s quasi-biennial oscillation (called QBO for brevity) and three and half years oscillation (called SO for short) being in warm water phase in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific (ECP and EEP) that the LFO in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) enhances and propagates eastward; When El Nino event takes place, the LFO, SSTA and SSTA’s QBO and SO in the EEP interact and strengthen each other; But the warmer SST and the SSTA’s QBO and SO in the warm water phase in the EEP contribute to the LFO's weak-ening in the equatorial Pacific. Moreover, these contribute to the SST in the EEP becoming cold and the SSTA’s QBO and SO in the EWP being in cold water phase and then impel the El Nino event to end. 相似文献
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利用中国160个测站月降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,选取中国东部夏季降水准两年振荡(TBO)分量做主振荡型分析(POP)和伴随相关分析(ACP)。结果表明:第一个POP对占东部夏季降水TBO总方差的18.2%,循环周期约为4年。实部为过渡型,振幅在1950年代中期和1980年代初期明显增大,在1980年代中后期到1990年代中期振幅的TBO特征异常显著。虚部为峰值型,在华南东部—长江流域—江淮流域有大范围的正值中心,高值中心位于长江—江淮流域,华南中西部为一负中心。虚部型振幅,1990年代中后期虚部型的振幅有明显加强。海温的伴随相关说明东部夏季降水TBO过渡型与西太平洋海温异常相对应,峰值型与赤道中东太平洋海温异常相对应。850 hPa风场异常、赤道纬向风异常和经向垂直环流异常的伴随相关显示,当POP对处于过渡型(负过渡型)时西太平洋对流旺盛(弱),南海上空有反气旋(气旋)生成。当POP对处于峰值型(负峰值型)时,赤道上Walker环流减弱(加强),经向上Hardly环流位置偏南(北),强度加强(减弱)。总之,中东太平洋海温异常与东部夏季降水TBO的传播有着密切联系,并通过海气相互作用和低纬与中高纬的相互作用来影响中国东部夏季降水TBO的传播,南北半球环流的相互作用也需要进一步探讨。 相似文献