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1.
The paper documents the occurrence of long-period internal Kelvin waves in Split Channel in spring 2002. The analyses were performed on thermohaline and current data measured at three moorings and one hydrographic section. The internal oscillation had a period of 5–6 days, being larger just after the generation which was probably excited by the alongshore Sirocco wind. The recorded current amplitude was up to 0.3 m s−1 in the surface layer, while the observed pycnocline displacement was 10–15 m. The oscillation was reproduced by one-dimensional two-layered model of a channel, imposing nodal lines at its entrances. Cross-shore properties of the oscillation, such as observed offshore decrease in pycnocline amplitude, are explained by the dynamics of an internal Kelvin wave propagating along channel boundaries, because the internal Rossby radius is smaller than the width of the channel. Conclusively, the observed oscillation probably represents the fundamental mode of internal waves trapped in the channel complex off Split.  相似文献   

2.
During the South China Sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX),three autonomous temperature line acquisition system (ATLAS) buoys with acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) were moored in the South China Sea to measure temperature,salinity and current velocity.Typhoon Faith passed through about 250 km south to one of the mooring buoys located at 12 58.5 N,114 24.5 E from December 11 to 14,1998.The data analysis indicates that the typhoon winds induce a great increase in the kinetic energy at near-inertial frequencies with two maxima in the mixed layer and thermocline.The near-inertial oscillations were observed at the upper 270 m in the wake of Typhoon Faith.The oscillations were originally excited in the sea surface layer and propagated downward.The amplitudes of the oscillations decrease with depth except in the thermocline.The near-inertial oscillation signals are also remarkable in temperature and salinity fields.  相似文献   

3.
Results of comparison exercises carried out between the state-of-the-art TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter-derived ocean surface wind speed and ocean wave parameters (significant wave height and wave period) and those measured by a set of ocean data buoys in the North Indian Ocean are presented in this article. Altimeter-derived significant wave height values exhibited rms deviation as small as ±0.3 m, and surface wind speed of ±1.6 m/s. These results are found consistent with those found for the Pacific Ocean. For estimation of ocean wave period, the spectral moments-based semiempirical approach, earlier applied on GEOSAT data, was extended to TOPEX/POSEIDON. For this purpose, distributions of first four years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and climatology over the North Indian Ocean were analyzed and a new set of coefficients generated for estimation of wave period. It is shown that wave periods thus estimated from TOPEX/POSEIDON data (for the subsequent two years), when compared with independent data set of ocean data buoys deployed in the North Indian Ocean, exhibit improved accuracy (rms ~ ±1.4 nos) over those determined earlier with GEOSAT data.  相似文献   

4.
Results of comparison exercises carried out between the state-of-the-art TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter-derived ocean surface wind speed and ocean wave parameters (significant wave height and wave period) and those measured by a set of ocean data buoys in the North Indian Ocean are presented in this article. Altimeter-derived significant wave height values exhibited rms deviation as small as - 0.3 m, and surface wind speed of - 1.6 m/s. These results are found consistent with those found for the Pacific Ocean. For estimation of ocean wave period, the spectral moments-based semiempirical approach, earlier applied on GEOSAT data, was extended to TOPEX/POSEIDON. For this purpose, distributions of first four years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and climatology over the North Indian Ocean were analyzed and a new set of coefficients generated for estimation of wave period. It is shown that wave periods thus estimated from TOPEX/POSEIDON data (for the subsequent two years), when compared with independent data set of ocean data buoys deployed in the North Indian Ocean, exhibit improved accuracy (rms ~ - 1.4 nos) over those determined earlier with GEOSAT data.  相似文献   

5.
张扬  李宏  丁扬  余为  许建平 《海洋学报》2019,41(5):12-22
本文应用一个经验证的全球尺度FVCOM海浪模型，模拟了2012年全球海洋海浪场的分布和演变，分析了海表面风场、海浪场与混合层深度的全球尺度分布及相关性。综合观测资料和模型结果显示，海表面10 m风速、有效波高与混合层深度的全球尺度分布随季节发生显著的变化，并且其分布态势存在明显的相似性。从相关系数的全球分布来看，海表面10 m风速在印度洋低纬度海区（纬度0°~20°）与混合层深度间有较强的相关性，相关系数大于0.5；有效波高与混合层深度间相关系数大于0.5的网格分布在北半球高纬度海区和印度洋北部。谱峰周期与混合层深度间在部分海区存在负相关关系，这些网格主要分布在低纬度海区（纬度0°~30°）。统计结果显示，有效波高、海表面10 m风速和谱峰周期与混合层深度间的平均相关系数分别为0.31、0.25和0.12。综合以上结果表明，有效波高较谱峰周期能更有效地表征波浪能对海洋上层混合的影响；相比于海表面风速，有效波高与混合层深度间存在更强的相关关系，其变化对海洋上层混合有更显著的影响。  相似文献   

6.
During the IOP (Intensive Observation Period) of TOGA/COARE (Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere/Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment) from December 1992 to February 1993, four Japanese moored ADCPs (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers) measured vertical profiles of three-component velocities at the stations 2S (2°S, 156°E), 2N (2°N, 156°E), 154E (0°N, 154°E) and 147E (0°N, 147°E). Power spectra of the surface current showed a pronounced peak having a period of around 14 days for both the zonal and meridional velocities at the stations 2S and 2N near the equator, and for only the meridional velocity at the equator. This 14-day phenomenon is considered to be a kind of equatorial wave of the first baroclinic mode, from a comparison of the result of the vertical mode analysis and the vertical distribution of the standard deviation of band-pass filtered velocity fluctuations. A dispersion relationship obtained from the horizontal mode analysis of this wave confirmed that the 14-day phenomenon is a mixed Rossby-gravity wave with the westward propagating phase speed and eastward propagating group velocity. From the cross-spectral analysis of velocity data, the average phase speed and wavelength of the wave were estimated as 3.64 m s−1 and 3939 km, respectively, for station pair 2S∼147E. These values were in good agreement with the average phase speed and wavelength of 3.58 m s−1 and 3836 km estimated from the dispersion curve and the observed period. A northerly wind burst blew over all the mooring sites during the middle of the observation period. The mixed Rossby-gravity wave, which is anti-symmetric for the zonal velocity about the equator, is likely to be forced by this northerly wind burst crossing the equator. Generation of the oceanic mixed Rossby-gravity wave of the first baroclinic mode is discussed in association with the atmospheric Rossby wave having the same period.  相似文献   

7.
A surface buoy was moored from 20 April to 2 November 1988 at 28°48 N and 135°01 E where the water depth was 4900 m to measure temperature and velocity in the upper 150 m. The Typhoon 8824 passed at 0300 (JST) on 8 October about 50 km north to the mooring station with a maximum wind speed of 43.5 m s–1. The buoy was shifted about 30 km to southwest, and the instruments were damaged. The records of temperature at 0.5 m and velocity at 50 m were obtained. The inertial oscillation caused by the typhoon is described using the current record. The oscillation endured for about 20 days. Deep mixing and vertical, heart transport by the typhoon are discussed based on the data from the Ocean Data Buoy of the Japan Meteorological Agency moored at 29°N and 135°E.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
The paper considers the effects of sea roughness and atmospheric stability on the wind wave growth by using the logarithmic boundary layer profile including a stability function, as well as adopting Toba et al.'s [J. Phys. Ocean. 34 (1990) 705] significant wave height formula combined with some commonly used sea surface roughness formulations. The wind wave growth is represented by the non-dimensional total wave energy relative to that for neutral stability used by Young [Coast. Engng 34 (1998) 23]. For a given velocity at the 10 m elevation, spectral peak period and stability parameter, the wind wave growth is determined.  相似文献   

10.
The Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyre form an interconnected dynamic system. The system is located at a crossroads where the meso-scale and large-scale oceanic variability are highest, and where the ocean-atmosphere interaction is most active in the Pacific Ocean outside of the tropics. Following a brief review of the mean flow and meso-scale eddy variability, this study describes in detail the large-scale structural change (an oscillation between an elongated and a contracted state) observed in the Kuroshio Extension system. Causes for this structural change are explored next, and it is argued that the basin-wide external wind forcing and the nonlinear dynamics associated with the inertial recirculation gyre are both important factors. Data analysis results are reviewed and presented, emphasizing that the surface Kuroshio Extension is not simply a well-mixed layer passively responding to heat flux anomalies imposed by the atmosphere. It is argued that large-scale changes in the Kuroshio Extension system influence the surface ocean heat balance and generate wintertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies through both horizontal geostrophic heat advection and re-emergence to the surface mixed layer of sequestered mode water temperature anomalies. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

11.
The Kelvin wave excited by an intraseasonal wind forcing with a 40-day period over the western Pacific Ocean was simulated using an ocean general circulation model, and was investigated by the use of spectral analysis. The amplitude of the temperature has two peaks north and south of the equator at the depth of the thermocline, and the amplitude of zonal velocity also has two peaks on the equator above and below the thermocline. The phase shows the upward propagation of the wave. It was queried why this wave, which appears to be transient rather than modelike, is formed quickly and always propagates with a phase velocity of about 3 m/s. The vertical one-dimensional forcing problem was studied, where the external forcing of up and down motions moving eastward is imposed at the surface. The growth time is estimated from the resonant solution. The first mode can resonate quickly, but the second cannot. The response in the infinitely deep ocean was also studied to focus on the transiency, where the reflection from the bottom is inhibited. The wave response to the forcing with a speed of about 3 m/s has a large amplitude, i.e. quasi-resonance occurs. In this case, the thermocline plays the role of a reflector, and the upper ocean between the sea surface and the thermocline behaves as a duct. Here, the small resonant cavity explains why the wave is formed so quickly, and the special value of the wave velocity is interpreted as a resonance condition in the duct. The wave corresponding to the second baroclinic mode could not be excited easily by the short-lived forcing at the surface, since this mode is mainly structured under the thermocline. It was found that the wave damps in consequence of leaking energy downward, and the damping rate depends on the period of the wave. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
Besides seasonal variation, instantaneous variation of thermal layer will occur under the effects of tide, tidal current and wind disturbance. In this study the numerical simulation has been first carried out on fluctuation and undulation of thermal layer under influence of tide (simultaneous input of 8 tidal components). The study reveals the geographic distribution of thermal layer fluctuation in the entire study region and temporal and spatial variations of the undulation in tidal period superposing on the fluctuation. Especially, the wave with large amplitude simulated is consistent with observation in the channal and the sea areas with a convex coastline and complex variation of depth, internal relations of tide, tidal current, residual current as well as the factors such as geography, and the fluctuation of thermal layer is induced by residual current due to unsymmetry which occurs as a result of the tidal movement in lower layer influenced by friction and geography, meanwhile, analysis indicates  相似文献   

13.
A strong spring Wyrtki jet(WJ) presents in May 2013 in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. The entire buildup and retreat processes of the spring WJ were well captured by two adjacent Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers mounted on the mooring systems. The observed zonal jet behaved as one intraseasonal event with the significant features of abrupt emergence as well as slow disappearance. Further research illustrate that the pronounced surface westerly wind burst during late-April to mid-May, associated with the active phase of a robust eastwardpropagating Madden–Julian oscillation in the tropical Indian Ocean, was the dominant reason for the rapid acceleration of surface WJ. In contrasting, the governing mechanism for the jet termination was equatorial wave dynamics rather than wind forcing. The decomposition analysis of equatorial waves and the corresponding changes in the ocean thermocline demonstrated that strong WJ was produced rapidly by the wind-generated oceanic downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave and was terminated subsequently by the westward-propagating equatorial Rossby wave reflecting from eastern boundaries of the Indian Ocean.  相似文献   

14.
The variability of the sea surface wind and wind waves in the coastal area of the Eastern Tsushima Strait was investigated based on the hourly data from 1990 to 1997 obtained at a station 2 km off Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka. The annual mean wind speed was 4.84 m s−1, with strong northwesterly monsoon in winter and weak southwesterly wind in summer. Significant wave heights and wave periods showed similar sinusoidal seasonal cycles around their annual means of 0.608 m and 4.77 s, respectively. The seasonal variability relative to the annual mean is maximum for wave heights, medium for wind speeds, and minimum for wave periods. Significant wave heights off Tsuyazaki turned out to be bounded by a criterion, which is proportional to the square of the significant wave period corresponding to a constant steepness, irrespective of the season or the wind speed. For terms shorter than a month, the significant wave height and the wave period were found to have the same spectral form as the inshore wind velocity: white for frequencies less than 0.2 day−1 and proportional to the frequency to the −5/3 power for higher frequencies, where the latter corresponds to the inertial subrange of turbulence. The spectral levels of wave heights and wave periods in that inertial range were also correlated with those of the inshore wind velocity, though the scatter was large. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
We here investigate the frequency and intensity of oscillations in oceanographic data within intraseasonal time scales using spectral analysis of surface wind and wave time-series data collected at off-island weather stations or moored buoys around Taiwan. Data from marine weather stations were used to trace atmospheric conditions, while we used buoy data to examine sea states. The spectra and wavelet scalogram of the wind fields revealed oscillations with a period of around 20–33 days, and the energy density of the wind field at the off-island stations was stronger than that at the data buoy stations. However, the wavelet scalogram of the wave height measured at the buoy stations was stronger than its associated wind field. This long-period oscillation is consistent with the wavelet scalogram of the wind field calculated from the off-island weather stations. About 20–33 day oscillations exist within intraseasonal variations, which are closely linked to the atmospheric environment and to wind and ocean wave fields. Oscillations with a period of 5–10 days are a pronounced feature over northeastern Taiwan waters during the winter season and can be interpreted as the wave pattern following synoptic weather systems.  相似文献   

16.
The performance at the Atlantic Remote Sensing Land Ocean Experiment (ARSLOE) of the Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW) wave direction buoy is examined. The waveheight and period data show good agreement with data from neighboring buoys. Nondimensional energy and fetch for wind sea cases agree well with data collected from fixed sensors in Lake Ontario. Direction measurements for a particularly well-defined swell agree well with the Experimental Environmental Research Buoy (XERB) measurements. Meteorological data are compared with that collected at the XERB. Windspeed estimates are reasonably well-correlated and much of the scatter is due to the 24-kin separation between the buoys. There is some systematic bias in the wind direction estimates.  相似文献   

17.
基于锚碇观测资料，本文分析了南海西北部陆坡区上层海洋对台风“杜苏芮”的动力学和热力学响应特征。在动力学响应方面，台风“杜苏芮”期间上层流速显著增强，混合层纬向流速可达1.20 m/s；“杜苏芮”经过后上层海水运动以近惯性振荡为主(流向顺时针旋转周期在36～40 h之间)。近惯性能量在垂向分布上存在两个高值中心，分别位于混合层和温跃层深度上。近惯性能量耗散过程的e折时间尺度约为3.7 d，我们认为能量的向下传播在局地近惯性能量衰减过程中起主要作用。对能量谱的分析表明，“杜苏芮”作用期间近惯性频率能量相对于其作用前增大了约29.4倍，而全日和半日频率(K1和M2)能量有所减弱。此外，能量谱显示近惯性频率存在明显的“蓝移”现象，即对于纬向和经向流速分量在400 m以浅平均的近惯性振荡频率分别为1.167 f0和1.170 f0(f0为局地惯性频率)。蓝移与近惯性内波的向下传播及正的相对涡度的输入有关。在热力学响应方面，上层海洋在台风的搅拌作用下，40～250 m深度均出现较小增温，最大增温幅度接近1°C；此外70 m以浅盐度的降低可能与台风过境时的降水相关，而Ekman抽吸引起的上升流则可能对70～100 m深度盐度的升高具有重要作用。  相似文献   

18.
Based on the theoretical spectral model of inertial internal wave breaking(fine structure) proposed previously, in which the effects of the horizontal Coriolis frequency component f-tilde on a potential isopycnal are taken into account, a parameterization scheme of vertical mixing in the stably stratified interior below the surface mixed layer in the ocean general circulation model(OGCM) is put forward preliminarily in this paper. Besides turbulence, the impact of sub-mesoscale oceanic processes(including inertial internal wave breaking product) on oceanic interior mixing is emphasized. We suggest that adding the inertial internal wave breaking mixing scheme(F-scheme for short) put forward in this paper to the turbulence mixing scheme of Canuto et al.( T-scheme for short) in the OGCM, except the region from 15°S to 15°N. The numerical results of F-scheme by using WOA09 data and an OGCM(LICOM, LASG/IAP climate system ocean model) over the global ocean are given. A notable improvement in the simulation of salinity and temperature over the global ocean is attained by using T-scheme adding F-scheme, especially in the mid- and high-latitude regions in the simulation of the intermediate water and deep water. We conjecture that the inertial internal wave breaking mixing and inertial forcing of wind might be one of important mechanisms maintaining the ventilation process. The modeling strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) by using T-scheme adding F-scheme may be more reasonable than that by using T-scheme alone, though the physical processes need to be further studied, and the overflow parameterization needs to be incorporated. A shortcoming in F-scheme is that in this paper the error of simulated salinity and temperature by using T-scheme adding F-scheme is larger than that by using T-scheme alone in the subsurface layer.  相似文献   

19.
The oceanic response to a typhoon in the East China Sea (ECS) was examined using thermal and current structures obtained from ocean surface drifters and a bottom-moored current profiler installed on the right side of the typhoon’s track. Typhoon Nari (2007) had strong winds as it passed the central region of the ECS. The thermal structure in the ECS responded to Typhoon Nari (2007) very quickly: the seasonal thermocline abruptly collapsed and the sea surface temperature dropped immediately by about 4°C after the typhoon passed. The strong vertical mixing and surface cooling caused by the typhoon resulted in a change in the thermal structure. Strong near-inertial oscillation occurred immediately after the typhoon passed and lasted for at least 4–5 days, during which a strong vertical current existed in the lower layer. Characteristics of the near-inertial internal oscillation were observed in the middle layer. The clockwise component of the inertial frequency was enhanced in the surface layer and at 63 m depth after the typhoon passed, with these layers almost perfectly out of phase. The vertical shear current was intensified by the interaction of the wind-driven current in the upper layer and the background semi-diurnal tidal current during the arrival of the typhoon, and also by the near-inertial internal oscillation after the typhoon passage. The strong near-inertial internal oscillation persisted without significant interfacial structure after the mixing of the thermocline, which could enhance the vertical mixing over several days.  相似文献   

20.
Numerical simulation based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was performed for a region of the Southeast Baltic in order to compare data on the spatial distribution of velocity and bottom sediments. Special attention was focused on the influence of western and northeastern winds, which generate intense quasi-geostrophic currents can may cause very high velocities in the near bottom layer, which results in the elution of bottom sediments and transport of their fine fractions. An abrupt change in wind velocity intensifies the effect of elution due to generation of inertial internal waves that penetrate into the bottom layer. The spatial distributions of the velocity in the surface and near bottom layers are compared with data on bottom sediments. It turned out that areas with the highest velocities that formed under the effect of western and northeastern winds in most cases coincide with areas where bottom sediments are represented by coarse-grain fractions of gravel and sands.  相似文献   

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