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湘东南印支期褶皱特征及形成机制 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
湘东南地区以王仙岭-坪石一线为界,分为东部隆起区和西部坳陷区,分别发育两种不同类型和成因的印支期褶皱.东部隆起区大面积出露前泥盆纪褶皱基底并发育隔槽式褶皱,由泥盆纪跳马涧组与褶皱基底间的不整合界面所显示,表明褶皱基底参与了褶皱作用;露头显示褶皱过程中盖层未沿不整合界面产生明显滑脱.基于上述事实,认为隔槽式褶皱形成于基底(厚皮式)横向收缩与压扁作用,并从理论上论证了隔槽式褶皱不可能是盖层沿基底滑脱的产物,修正了前人的薄皮式观点.西部坳陷区主要出露中泥盆世-中三叠世地层并发育类侏罗山式褶皱,褶皱具有波长小且大小不一、垂向上不协调等特征,并伴生大量走向断裂,说明褶皱受不同层位软弱层顺层滑脱作用控制,其深层机制与区域断裂逆冲活动有关. 相似文献
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伸展断层传播褶皱是伸展环境中重要的一种褶皱类型,是由于隐伏基底正断层活化向上传播而引起上覆地层发生的弯曲。多年的研究认为这是一种向上变宽的三角形分布式剪切调节过程,断层的上端点限定了三角剪切区的顶点。运用三角剪切的速度模型很好地拟合和描述变形区内物质的运动,三角剪切区的顶角和断层向上传播/断层向下滑移比值（p /s）是控制伸展断层传播褶皱变形过程和几何形态的重要的运动学参数。伸展断层传播褶皱的发育过程可以根据断层是否切穿上覆盖层而划分为两个阶段。在沉积过程中,伸展断层传播褶皱作用对生长地层的几何形态和叠置样式有较强的控制作用。通过对保留的生长地层几何形态的分析,可以确定隐伏基底断层的初始破裂点和断层传播量,并最终重建伸展断层传播褶皱的变形过程。 相似文献
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长江中下游及邻区基底和花岗岩成矿元素丰度背景的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文系统地研究了长江中下游及邻区的结晶基底,褶皱基底及花岗岩岩基成矿元素丰度背景,从而为区域Ｃｕ、Ａｕ,Ｗ、Ｓｎ等成矿作用提供了一套完整的基础地球化学数据,用此来作为窥视地壳组成及成矿作用时空演变的窗口。 相似文献
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地壳重熔程度和重熔岩浆结晶分异演化程度直接反应了岩浆能态的高低;岩浆能态高低决定了铀矿化类型及其远景意义。研究区位于华北地台南缘的加里东褶皱带中。L、D两区均以前寒武纪变质岩为基底,广泛发育加里东期花岗岩,褶皱断裂发育。L区为拱断区,以断裂重熔释放地幔热流为特点,以高能态花岗为主,深成壳熔呈带状展布,岩浆化程度高,成岩持续时间长,岩浆演化完善。宏观 相似文献
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四川会理—河口地区褶皱基底的双层结构 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
新一轮１∶５ 万区调揭示出康滇地轴中段会理—河口地区褶皱基底具明显双层结构。下褶皱基底由古元古代优地槽型沉积的河口岩群、通安组中浅变质岩与黎溪—新发超单元组合变质侵入岩组成,定型于１７００Ｍａ±的中条运动;上褶皱基底由中元古代冒地槽型沉积的会理群浅变质岩与溜姑—云甸超单元组合侵入岩组成,定型于９００ ～８５０Ｍａ ±的晋宁运动。二者变形,变质等特征迥然有别。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(6)
中生代川东褶皱带发育着两种不同的褶皱组合型式,以NE向齐岳山断裂为界,东侧为隔槽褶皱,西侧为隔档褶皱,二者在成因上均与不同埋深的滑脱带密切相关。本文利用FLAC6.0软件模拟了川东褶皱带的两阶段形成过程:隔槽褶皱区和隔档褶皱区依次形成。在断坡倾角为30°的情形下,当滑脱带在隔档褶皱区和隔槽褶皱区分别处于寒武系和角度不整合面向下3~4 km的基底深处时,模拟得到的结果能很好地再现该褶皱带的总体形态特征。只有当连接两个褶皱区滑脱带的断坡具有≤30°的低倾角时,它才能高效地将水平位移传递到隔档褶皱区,意味着地表出露的高倾角齐岳山断裂基本上没有参与整个褶皱带的形成过程,是晚期或后期形成突破地表的。断弯褶皱的出现会造成被卷入的早期褶皱发生共轴叠加的递进变形。这样机械加厚的地壳在重力均衡作用下发生抬升,并遭受风化剥蚀直至准平原化,似乎就可以形成两褶皱区之间近数千米的整体剥蚀厚度差。 相似文献
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川东南地区是我国南方重要的天然气探区,气藏分布受与该区的褶皱带构造演化密切相关.该区褶皱带呈现马尾状平面构造样式,对于这种特殊褶皱样式的形成机制存在不同的观点.构造物理模拟是研究构造形成机制的有效手段.为此,笔者在对该区马尾状褶皱特征详细分析的基础上,设计了5组模型,分别考虑边界几何形态、地层流变学结构、韧性层粘度和基底摩擦系数等4个因素,对该褶皱带的形成机制开展系统研究.结果表明:（1）该区马尾状褶皱带的形成与川东华蓥山断裂和齐岳山边界断裂形态关系密切;（2）脆/韧性地层厚度比和脆性层的厚度差对褶皱波长和样式具有重要控制作用;（3）适当的基底摩擦力是形成马尾状褶皱带的重要条件;（4）四川盆地内部、川东地区和湘鄂西地区基底流变学强度差异对该区马尾状褶皱带也具有重要影响. 相似文献
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吉林省地处东北地区的中部,横跨中朝准地台北缘及天山——兴安地槽褶皱区东部的两个性质不同的一级大地构造单元。其分界线是辉发河——古洞河深大断裂带。中朝准地台在吉林南部出现,其二级构造是吉南台隆(简称南部台区),基底由太古界和元古界变质岩组成。地台上的古生界沉积盖层组成具有四级构造特征的柳河样子哨地堑及浑江上游断陷区等。辉发河——古洞河深大断裂带北侧地槽褶皱区(简称北部槽区)发育的二级构造有由南向北出现的吉林加里东褶皱系及华力西褶皱系。前者为中下古生界岩层组成,后者为上古生 相似文献
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This paper describes the experimental deformation of models made with sheets of paraffin wax, simulating a bedded cover resting on a basement wrench fault. During the experiments, “en échelon” folds appear in the cover. As a result of early fault motion, folds first appear at heterogeneities in the bedding and with axes at about 45° to the trace of the wrench fault. Further fault displacement causes a bulk rotation of fold axes towards parallelism with the basement wrench fault, and a resulting curvature of fold axes at larger fault displacement.Folding affects an area which tends to quickly stabilize in width, since folding weakens the sheared cover and subsequent deformation is concentrated in it. Axial surfaces of folds are initially upright, then tend to become inclined with an external vergence, forming a fan centered on the basement wrench fault. Deeper layer-deformation, close to the basement, involves fold reorientations that are greater than in the upper layers. Therefore, down a given vertical line, there is no continuity between surface and deep structures. The geometry and orientation of folds appearing at later stages of wrenching is controlled by the geometry and orientation of already extant folds. 相似文献
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J. P. Richert 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):361-366
The geology of the Northern Flinders Range has been reinterpreted. Three clastic units, mapped previously (1, 2), were supposed to have been evidence of three late Proterozoic transgressions over the Archaean basement. Tectonic movements resulted in east‐west folds and major fractures zones. Recent structural and petrographic observations in the western part of the Mt Painter block lead to a reinterpretation of this region. Three tectonic phases may be observed in the Proterozoic rocks: the first phase is characterized by isoclinal folds with axial‐plane cleavage. Three thrust slices of quartzite, carbonate, and schist can be delineated. These thrust slices are separated by shear zones marked by mica schists which could be either basement or strongly deformed Adelaidean rocks. The second phase shows east‐west concentric upright folds with secondary cleavage in their hinges; this phase refolds the first‐phase structures and affects the underlying basement. The third phase created large strike‐slip faults which are superimposed on the first and second deformation. 相似文献
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Mohammed Warrak 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2010,3(4):369-393
At the western end of the Hatta Zone (the Jebel Rawdha area), Northern Oman Mountains, the neoautochthonous Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary sequence (“cover”) lies with an angular unconformity on the obducted Semail ophiolite, Haybi Complex and Sumeini Group (“basement”). Structural analysis of the faults in both the basement and cover sequences has shown that they are similar in type and configuration to those that develop in a transpressional left-lateral strike-slip deformational regime (a restraining bend) that is characterised by the dominance of the dip-slip component over the strike-slip component. The WNW–ESE (Po) faults together with the linking NW–SE (P) faults have divided the basement into elongated blocks. These blocks, in turn, are subdivided by transverse normal faults into horst and graben sub-blocks. The cover sequence is gently folded into a generally WNW–ESE-trending ‘Main’ folds and NE–SW-trending ‘Cross’ folds superimposed on them. These folds appear to be dominantly forced folds that developed as a result of repeated uplift and depression of basement blocks. Their trends correspond to the trends of the subjacent basement blocks. Hence, the Jebel Rawdha folds trend differently from other post-obduction major folds in the foreland region of the Northern Oman Mountains, such as the Hafit and Jebel Faiyah folds. Differences in stratigraphic thicknesses and lateral facies changes of the cover sequence within the blocks and sub-blocks indicate that the earliest differential movement of the blocks must have occurred during the early Maastrichtian, and the latest movement in post-mid-Eocene. Thus, pushing back the initiation of the post-obduction deformation in the Northern Oman Mountains to the early Maastrichtian. 相似文献
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基于剖面三维地质建模方法及在本溪地区应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对成矿带三维地质建模面临的实际问题,以GOCAD软件作为三维建模工具,阐述了基于剖面的三维地质建模流程与方法.为了充分揭示本溪地区深部地质情况及隐伏铁矿的发育情况,采用基于剖面的三维地质建模方法构建了本溪地区907km2的三维地质模型,获取了本溪地区地下三维地质结构,显示出该地区盖层发育宽缓褶皱,断裂切割作用强烈,基底最大埋深可达4200 m,在变质基底埋深较浅的地区,具有很大的铁矿资源勘探潜力.实际应用情况表明,基于剖面的三维地质建模方法符合地质研究从二维到三维的工作流程和思维习惯,是一种有效的成矿带三维建模方法. 相似文献
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This paper describes how a model of fixed-hinge, basement-involved, fault-propagation folds may be adapted to apply to thin-skinned thrust faults to generate footwall synclines. Fixed-hinge, fault-propagation folding assumes that the fold-axial surfaces diverge upwards, fold hinges are fixed in the rock, the fault propagated through the forelimb, thickness changes occur in the forelimb and the forelimb progressively rotates with increasing displacement on the underlying fault. The original model for fixed-hinge, fault-propagation folds was developed for the case of a planar fault in basement with a tip line that was at the interface between basement and the overlying sedimentary cover rocks. The two geometries applicable to thin-skinned thrusts are for the cases where a fixed-hinge fault-propagation fold develops above an initial bedding-parallel detachment, and an initial fault ramp of constant dip which flattens down-dip into a bedding-parallel detachment. 相似文献
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渤海湾地区的中生代盆地构造概论 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35
根据 1∶5 0万渤海湾新生代盆地区基岩地质图揭示的残留中生代地层的分布及构造变形特征 ,渤海湾地区的中生代盆地可以分为 5期。早—中三叠世、晚三叠世盆地为克拉通内部大型坳陷盆地 ,其中晚三叠世盆地仅分布在渤海湾西南部地区。早—中侏罗世盆地分布于印支运动形成的向斜坳陷核部 ,属于压陷挠曲型盆地。晚侏罗世—早白垩世盆地分布广泛 ,属于裂陷盆地 ;晚白垩世盆地属于后裂陷阶段的坳陷盆地。这些盆地受印支运动、燕山运动影响而发生反转。印支运动在渤海湾地区的东、西部的表现有明显差异。西部变形弱、以近EW向宽缓褶皱变形为主 ,东部变形强、并叠加了NE向褶皱和逆冲断层变形。早燕山运动使渤海湾地区形成宽缓的大型NE向褶皱变形 ,并使早—中侏罗世盆地发生反转和逆冲断层变形 ;中、晚燕山运动基本没有在渤海湾地区形成褶皱构造变形 ,而是表现为晚侏罗—早白垩世盆地和晚白垩世盆地的区域性反转隆升。下—中侏罗统沉积之后 ,渤海湾地区的构造格局发生基本变革 ,进入以裂陷盆地为主的构造演化时期。 相似文献
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川东地区发育典型的"侏罗山式"褶皱构造带,以北东走向的齐岳山断裂为界,南东侧为隔槽式褶皱,北西侧为隔挡式褶皱.中生代川东地区经历了自南东向北西的陆内递进变形,受多套滑脱层（基底拆离面、下寒武统页岩、志留系泥页岩和三叠系膏盐）的共同控制.但是,关于川东褶皱带的形成机制及其整体和分段形成时间仍存在较大争议.应用构造物理模拟方法,再现了川东"侏罗山式"褶皱带的形成过程,并分析了先存断裂及其倾角对川东褶皱构造变形的影响.模拟结果表明,川东褶皱带是齐岳山断裂、华蓥山断裂、志留系滑脱层和基底拆离面组成的阶梯状体系在构造挤压下发生断层相关褶皱作用的结果.基底拆离面（深度约16 km）控制隔槽式褶皱的发育,志留系页岩主要控制隔挡式褶皱的形成.中生代（165~75 Ma）川东地区的构造缩短率约为32%.齐岳山断裂是隔槽式褶皱向隔挡式褶皱过渡的重要枢纽,是先存高角度断裂浅部向北西迁移后的产物.华蓥山断裂的倾角控制着隔挡式褶皱的波长,当倾角较陡时（45°）更有利于发育典型的隔挡式褶皱. 相似文献
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四川省前寒武系基底研究述评 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
前寒武系基底占有地壳自身演化90％的漫长历史,在人们研究地球的形成、地壳演化和生命起源;研究岩浆作用、变质作用、成矿作用等方面,涉及到广泛的基础学科领域,理所当然的受到人们的特殊重视。在国际地科联组织下,我国成立了“前寒武系构造样式及成矿作用”(IGCP-247项)后继项目中国组,笔者作为该组成员,曾于1986年对四川前寒武系基底研究现状进行过一次清理,本文即在此基础上撰写而成。作者既对四川省前寒武系基底研究的进展、现状以及存在的不同认识和争论进行了述评,也提出了今后的展望和建议。 相似文献