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1.
石油地质动力学的内涵与展望 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
石油地质动力学的本质特征是在现代地质理论基础之上，应用数学、物理学、化学和生物学等理论和方法，借助先进的计算机和实验测试、模拟技术，定量地研究沉积盆地油气生、运、储、聚和保的机制、速率和过程。石油地质动力学研究的核心问题有两个：一是沉降作用，二是流体压力系统形成与演化，成藏动力是石油地质动力学研究的纽带。石油地质动力学现行研究方法可分为盆地动力学、石油地质动力学（狭义）和地质作用过程动力学，重点介绍了成岩过程动力学的研究方法及当今研究的前沿领域，即热流体与有机／无机成岩作用。最后，笔者展望了石油地质动力学研究在我国那些具有多旋回叠合性含油气盆地的发展和应用前景。 相似文献
2.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):82-92
The gas in a petroleum pool varies in direct proportion to the concentration of higher methane compounds. This fact,' and strongly characteristic butane‐isobutane and pentane‐isopentane ratios resulting from petroleum reservoirs chemistry, seems to serve as a reliable standard for distinguishing between pools in the Oligocene‐Miocene and Pliocene reservoirs of the Azerbaydzhan (West Caspian) basin. ‐‐M. E. Burgunker. 相似文献
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The study presents results of a hydrogeological and hydrogeological research conducted on the Mesozoic–Cenozoic sedimentary cover and Precambrian–Paleozoic platform deposits of the Pre-Yenisei petroleum subprovince. The hydrogeological structure of the study area is found to be of a transition type from the West Siberian to Tunguska artesian basins, with its own set of pertinent parameters, such as groundwater depths, rock permeabilities, water chemistry and gas compositions, gas saturation, vertical zoning, etc. The upper part of the sedimentary section is known to be flushed with the infiltration waters to depths of 2–2.5 km. The deeper intervals contain the older sedimentary waters with the moderate metamorphic grade. The results of the study provide implications for the petroleum potential of the area of interest. 相似文献
4.
Application research of enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated soil 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHANG Sheng ZHANG Cui-yun HE Ze CHEN Li ZHANG Fa-wang YIN Mi-ying NING Zhuo SUN Zhen-hua ZHEN Shi-jun 《地下水科学与工程》2016,4(3):157-164
Experimental study of enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation of petroleum contaminated loess soil was carried out in Zhongyuan oil production areas, and the enhanced in-situ micro-ecological remediation technique includes optimistic in-situ microbial communities, physical chemistry methods, alfalfa planting and regulation of soil environmental elements. Experiments showed that the oil content in the contaminated soil with oil content about 2 898.25 mg/kg can be reduced about 98.61% after in-situ micro-ecological remediation for 99 days, which demonstrated the effectiveness of in-situ micro-ecological remediation methods for petroleum contaminated soil in central plains of China, and explored the practical and feasible application of these methods. 相似文献
5.
有机包裹体特别是石油包裹体的荧光颜色是鉴定有机包裹体和指示油气成熟度的有效手段.基于石油的荧光性, 通过荧光光谱分析方法, 对石油包裹体的荧光光谱进行定量化描述, 利用其主峰波长(λmax)、荧光强度及红绿商等属性参数, 开展油气充注期次的判识.通过偏光显微镜、荧光显微镜等技术手段, 对塔北隆起鹰山组-一间房组38个样本的石油包裹体进行了荧光颜色、显微光谱谱形和红绿商值的研究.样品中检测到黄绿色荧光、绿色荧光和蓝白色荧光3类石油包裹体, 且这3类石油包裹体的同生盐水包裹体温度具有可区分的温度范围, 对应的盐水包裹体平均温度分别是: 56.5、88.3、130.1 ℃.综合地球化学方面的研究成果, 结合主峰波长、荧光强度、红绿商以及石油包裹体同生的盐水包裹体温度等参数分析认为, 研究区储层中的原油至少来源于2个不同烃源的3期油气充注, 具有多源多期充注的成藏特征. 相似文献
6.
石油沥青质的吸附、沉淀机理及其影响因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对于原油中石油沥青质的存在状态尚无统一认识,存在多种石油胶体体系理论模型。沥青质有两种方式从石油中分离出来,即吸附和沉淀,它们具有完全不同的机理。吸附的沥青质不能被溶解,要通过解吸才能消除,且解吸过程相对溶解而言很慢。沉淀是由于石油胶体体系的变化引起的,而吸附则是由石油胶体体系以及体系外的水介质环境和周围岩石矿物特征等所控制的。影响吸附的主要因素有:矿物本身的化学性质和结构特征、矿物质表面水层的性质、原油组成。影响沉淀的因素主要有:原油的组成、温度和压力、石油所处的状态、孔隙特征。低渗储层比高渗储层更容易导致沥青质的沉淀。 相似文献
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A very large database of formation water geochemistry has been acquired for the Kuwait petroleum system. This database makes it possible to explore the geological history of Kuwait’s formation and ground waters in a way that is not possible by other means. Working at this regional scale spatial and formational variation in groundwater chemistry in Kuwait identifies lithostratigraphy and physical barriers to flow that can be explored in the context of Kuwait’s geological history. Cretaceous oil reservoirs in north Kuwait have formation water saturated with Na (>50%) that is anomalously abnormal in salinity for its depth. The most likely subsurface source of such saline water is the Upper Jurassic Gotnia Formation which comprises beds of evaporite halite, and/or pre-Gotnia formations of deeper reservoirs. To reach their current location, both parts of the Gotnia and Hith formations must have been breached. To date, this is the only evidence to show that the sealing capacity of the Gotnia Formation has been overcome, implying that the formation, and therefore units beneath, are capable of sourcing fluids to younger and shallower reservoirs. Given the ubiquity of samples of formation water in many other regions, applying formation water geochemistry to other petroleum systems would appear a good method for evaluating basin models and understanding of fluid migration in mature petroleum provenances. 相似文献
8.
Detailed petroleum system analysis allows the direction and extent of hydrocarbon flow to be assessed. In most parts of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the major pulse of hydrocarbon generation and migration occurred as a result of the Laramide Orogeny in Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary time. The distribution and chemistry of oils provide a detailed picture of fluid flow at this time with oil migration up to hundreds of kilometres observed. Hydrocarbon generation and migration mostly ceased once uplift of the basin commenced during Eocene time. As the basin evolved so did the hydrodynamic regime reflecting changes in topography, glaciation and other factors. This indicates possible problems with using present day hydrogeology to determine oil migration pathways although hydrogeology can help explain petroleum alteration. 相似文献
9.
热解生烃实验是研究油气生成机理与定量评价烃源岩生烃潜力的重要方法.烃源岩热解生烃模拟结果不仅与温度、压力和时间等因素有关,而且与地层孔隙水及压实成岩作用等地质因素密切相关.采用高压流体和高压釜(低压水蒸气)两种生烃热模拟方法对低成熟海相二叠统大隆组(P2d)黑色泥岩进行了热解生烃实验模拟.对比分析两组实验结果表明地层孔隙热解实验有利于液态油的生成,不利于液态油向气态烃的转化,并极大地提高了干酪根的生油气潜力,显示了高压液态水、流体压力和孔隙空间等地质因素对烃源岩中有机质热成熟生烃反应的重要影响.这种影响可能与高压液态水的近临界特性有关,近临界特性地层水的参与改变了干酪根热力生烃反应的物理化学行为.推断在实际地质温压(100~200 ℃,30~120 MPa)条件下,烃源岩孔隙中的地层水是一种相对低温高压液态水,具有水的近临界物理化学特性,因此高压流体生烃热模拟实验与实际地层情况更为接近,能更有效地评价烃源岩生烃潜力. 相似文献
10.
Frank D. Mango 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(8):1433-1441
Carbohydrates react with hydrogen sulfide under low temperature (100° to 200°C) yielding a variety of organosulfur compounds including thiophenes, thiols, sulfides and sulfones. A polymer is also produced, whose elemental composition is within the range of natural coals. When reductive dehydration is carried out in the presence of hydrocarbon, organosulfur compounds are formed in the carbon number range of the hydrocarbon used. In these processes, an active hydrogen transfer catalyst is produced which facilitates the passage of hydrogen between normal paraffins and saccharide units, distributing sulfur between these two families primarily in the form of thiophene rings. The simplicity of these systems—H2S, carbohydrates, H2O, hydrocarbon—and the facility of the chemistry would suggest that the carbohydrates and hydrogen sulfide may be important agents in the diagenetic processes leading to petroleum and coal. Carbohydrate reduction by hydrogen sulfide may constitute an important route through which certain organosulfur compounds found in petroleum and coal entered these materials in early diagenesis. 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(9-10):1269-1284
Chemistry of major and minor elements, 87Sr/86Sr, δD, and δ18O of oilfield waters, and 87Sr/86Sr of whole rock were measured from Paleozoic strata in the Central Tarim basin, NW China. The aim is to elucidate the origin and migration of formation water and its relation to petroleum migration. High salinity oilfield waters in Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician reservoirs have maintained the same Na/Cl ratio as seawater, indicative of subaerially evaporated seawater. Two possible sources of evaporitic water are Carboniferous (CII) and Cambrian, both of which contain evaporitic sediments. Geographic and stratigraphic trends in water chemistry suggest that most of the high salinity water is from the Cambrian. Strontium, H and O isotopes as well as ion chemistry indicate at least 3 end member waters in the basin. High-salinity Cambrian evaporitic water was expelled upward into Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous reservoirs along faults and fractures during compaction and burial. Meteoric water has likely invaded the section throughout its history as uplift created subaerial unconformities. Meteoric water certainly infiltrated Silurian and older strata during development of the CIII unconformity and again in recent times. Modern meteoric water enters Carboniferous strata from the west and flows eastward, mixing with the high salinity Cambrian water and to a lesser degree with paleometeoric water. The third end member is highly radiogenic, shale-derived water which has migrated eastward from the Awati Depression to the west. Enrichment of Ca and Sr and depletion of K, Mg, and SO4 relative to the seawater evaporation trajectory suggest waters were affected by albitization of feldspars, dolomitization, illitization of smectite, and SO4 reduction. The mixing of meteoric water occurred subsequently to seawater evaporation, main water-rock interactions, and brine migration. The direction of brine migration is consistent with that of petroleum migration, suggesting water and petroleum have followed the same migration pathways. 相似文献
12.
油气成藏过程常伴随着多幕次的油气充注, 通过流体包裹体方法确定的油气成藏时期大都包含了一个油气藏形成过程中多幕次的油气充注.然而, 不是所有的充注幕次都对现今的油气藏具有贡献.因而确定哪一幕油气充注对现今油气成藏的贡献程度最大, 才是准确厘定油气成藏时期的前提.油包裹体是油气充注的直接证据, 当其他因素影响较小时, 油包裹体荧光颜色的改变反映的是其成熟度的变化, 也是其源岩热演化程度改变的响应.油包裹体成熟度可以通过已知油藏油的微束荧光光谱参数和原油API度关系来定量表征, 古油气成藏贡献度分析就是建立在油包裹体API度预测的基础上.在每一幕原油充注时期内, 成岩矿物捕获的油包裹体API度频率分布符合正态分布趋势, 理论上, 当有几幕原油充注时, 原油API度分布就存在几个正态分布趋势.通过对比油包裹体API度频率分布直方图与油藏现今流体API度, 可以比较出哪一幕原油充注对现今油气聚集的贡献度最大, 从而为油气成藏过程分析和油气充注PVTx(压力-体积-温度-组分)史恢复提供更好的约束条件. 相似文献
13.
石油安全对一个国家的经济发展具有重大意义。随着中国经济的持续快速增长,以及受国内石油资源短缺、石油地缘政治等因素的影响,国内石油供需矛盾进一步加剧,石油安全问题日益显现。为科学地评价中国石油安全的程度,先从国内资源禀赋、国内生产能力、国际市场可得性和国家应急保障能力4个方面设计了石油安全评价指标体系;然后,再采用德尔菲法、主成分分析法,选取国内原油储采比、国内原油储量替代率、国内石油消费对外依存度、国内石油进口集中度、国际原油价格和国内石油储备水平6个要素指标,构成一个新的综合指标,即石油安全度;最后,以石油安全度为工具,对中国近年来石油安全的形势进行了定量评价。 相似文献
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15.
柴达木盆地北缘西段油气成藏机理研究 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
柴达木盆地北缘西段是一个以中下侏罗统煤系地层为烃源岩的含油气系统, 产油气层位主要是第三系.逆断层及相关褶皱组合构成柴北缘油气藏的主要圈闭类型.渐新世晚期(E32) 与上新世末到第四纪(N23—Q) 是柴北缘构造变形和圈闭形成的重要时期, 第三系油气成藏也主要发生在这2个关键时期.油藏原油组成和石油包裹体成分分析结果证明第三系油气藏存在不同期次的油气充注历史.下第三系的油气藏存在2期油气充注, 渐新世断层活动破坏侏罗系古油藏并连通侏罗系烃源岩, 导致古油藏中的低成熟石油和侏罗系烃源岩新生的成熟油气沿断层运移到下第三系圈闭中, 构成第1期油气充注; 上新世末到第四纪(N23—Q) 期间, 继续活动的断层导致侏罗系烃源岩高成熟油气沿断层运移到下第三系圈闭中, 形成第2期油气充注.上第三系油气藏主要为一期充注, 即在上新世末到第四纪(N23—Q) 新生断层破坏下第三系油气藏, 部分油气沿断层充注到上第三系合适的圈闭中形成次生油气藏.在柴北缘第三系油气藏形成过程中, 断层起到了重要的控制作用. 相似文献
16.
“油气系统”实际上就是油气成藏动力学系统.这个概念是石油天然气地质学与系统科学相结合的产物, 是石油地质学家从系统科学角度所看到的、研究对象与抽象模型相复合的、具有层次结构的新型地质实体.因此, 它应当适合于整个油气地质单元序列, 而不应当被局限于某一个层次的单元中.“油气系统”的研究方法, 应当是定性与定量相结合的系统方法.考虑到油气成藏过程存在非线性特点, 以及当前盆地模拟和油气成藏模拟普遍存在的缺陷, 尝试引进系统动力学的思路与方法, 提出油气系统动力学的概念, 并阐述了它的基本原理, 初步建立了油气系统动力学的方法体系.系统动力学模拟的结果可提供对盆地和凹陷进行资源预测、评价的依据. 相似文献
17.
塔中地区油气成藏主控因素及成藏规律研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
塔中地区油气成藏复杂, 影响因素较多。通过对已钻井油气藏的分析, 认为该区影响油气成藏的控制因素有①烃源岩; ②运移通道(断层控制油气纵横向分布、运载层对油气的横向运移作用、不整合面对油气的横向运移控制); ③构造类型(圈闭类型、构造样式、成油期古隆起); ④构造演化; ⑤储层物性及展布; ⑥储盖组合; ⑦火成岩对油气藏的影响。成藏规律为①圈闭和油源断层是东河组成藏的必要条件; ②构造与储层控油、多期成藏、后期充注是志留系成藏的基本特征; ③储层发育程度是奥陶系成藏的关键; ④油气多期充注造成多层系含油、南北分异的成藏特点。该区油气成藏条件好, 勘探程度较高。尤其奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏以类型多、含油气井段长, 其形态受不规则孔、缝、洞储层的控制, 非均质性极强, 储层发育程度是奥陶系油气富集的主控因素。 相似文献
18.
大型地下储油洞粘弹性稳定性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在大型地下岩洞中储油是世界各国石油战略储备的重要方式之一。随着我国石油进口量的不断增加,建造大型地下储油洞库无疑是一种综合经济效益良好的方案。针对大型地下水封储油岩洞库的工程特点,利用数值模拟方法对储库洞群中各洞室的开挖施工顺序进行了仿真模拟计算。通过对3种可能的施工方案所引起的地表变形、洞周关键位置的变形以及应力场和位移场的分布规律对比分析,比选出了洞群中各洞室较优的开挖先后顺序。对筛选出的较优方案进行了施工过程与粘弹性稳定性分析模拟,给出了考虑岩体流变特性时油库的变形规律特点,并对大型地下油库的强度及长期稳定性进行了分析评价,所得结论对地下储油库的开挖施工有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
19.
石油地质学是国家石油战略的组成部分,是国家石油安全的组成部分,必须予以高度重视。石油地质学来源于实践。但随着石油勘探开发实践的不断深入,仅仅依靠归纳和总结来自实践的认识已经无法满足人们对石油地质学在科学层面的理解和掌握。从沉积层获得的有关构造、生油、储层方面的知识无法全面解释在结晶基底和火山岩中发育油气藏的事实,而最新揭示出金属、非金属矿床、油气藏与深部构造和深部流体存在密切关系,为我们发展石油地质学提供了崭新的思路。欧洲惠更斯号探测器发现土卫六上存在甲烷湖的事实告诉我们,石油地质学的不仅仅是地质学问题,更是天文学问题。所以,及时吸收消化各学科最新成果,创新发展中国石油地质学,已是保障国家石油安全的当务之急。 相似文献
20.
油气运移一直是石油地质学中的重要理论问题, 也是该领域中的难题.以济阳拗陷东北部沾化凹陷中的几个油田为例, 根据原油及烃源岩有机地化分析结果, 特别是生物标志物的组成, 划分原油类型, 进行油源对比, 以探讨断陷盆地中油气多次运移和成藏的特征.研究证明: 沾化凹陷中渤南油田的形成与三次油气运移和成藏过程有关; 位于边缘断裂带的垦西油田是油气交替通过输导层作侧向运移和通过断层作纵向运移聚集的结果; 孤岛类型的古潜山油田的形成主要与油气从老第三纪油藏向上进行第三次运移有关.在断陷盆地内部以侧向运移和充注为主多形成单源油藏, 在断裂带以垂向充注为主常形成混源油藏.油气的多次运移与盆地中断裂活动的长期性和多期性有关. 相似文献