共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《干旱区地理》2021,44(4):889-896
近年来,随着气候变化,伊犁河谷积雪消融加快,极端水文事件的频度和强度也在加大。通过利用中国科学院天山积雪站附近小流域的土壤水热和积雪融雪观测数据,对研究区积雪消融规律、冻土水热变化特征及其对气温和融雪量的响应进行了分析。结果表明:在冻土融解阶段,土壤温度的变化依赖大气温度的变化,而土壤水分受融雪量和气温的影响较大,高度相关。表层土壤含水率的变幅最大,而深层土壤水分值较稳定,土壤水热的季节性变化自秋-冬-春大致呈现"下降-平稳-上升"的趋势。在冻土层上边界,土壤含水率随着累积融雪量的增加而增加并达到饱和值,而冻土层下边界(40 cm深度)土壤水分保持非饱和稳定状态。在山区,降雪量是水资源形成的主要来源。融雪量与大气温度的相关性显著(系数为0.785),融雪量对水资源形成的贡献率为40%左右。研究冻土水热对融雪和气温的响应过程,对于新疆水资源形成机理、转化利用以及洪水预报具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
2.
郑斯中 《地理学报(英文版)》1958,(1)
在我国北部地区,入冬以后土壤便逐渐冻结。这种土壤季节性冻结的现象,乃是一项重要的气候特征。同时,它对于许多国民经济部门,特别是对农业具有重大的意义。近年来,北京正在进行大规模经济建设,建筑工程界对冻土资料的需要也是很迫切的。然而,北京的冻土资料却异常缺乏,几乎可以说是没有。几年来,虽然对冻土深度进行了观 相似文献
3.
北京冬季土壤冻结过程的分析与冻土深度的计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国北部地区,入冬以后土壤便逐渐冻结。这种土壤季节性冻结的现象,乃是一项重要的气候特征。同时,它对于许多国民经济部门,特别是对农业具有重大的意义。近年来,北京正在进行大规模经济建设,建筑工程界对冻土资料的需要也是很迫切的。然而,北京的冻土资料却异常缺乏,几乎可以说是没有。几年来,虽然对冻土深度进行了观 相似文献
4.
沙地降雨入渗水分动态 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
应用土壤水动力学基本原理，结合先进仪器的使用，从动力学角度，以能态观点定量研究沙地水分入渗动态。通过野外现场观测，分析不同深度含水率和吸力随时间变化过程，研究沙地降雨入渗水分传递过程，探讨入渗条件下沙地水分运动的动力学机制和特征。 相似文献
5.
利用1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷季节性冻土的冻结始日、冻结终日、年冻结日数、年累积冻土厚度、最大冻土深度等特征指标资料,采用气候倾向率、气候突变、气候变化趋势的持续性等方法,分析近56 a该地区季节性冻土的年际、年代际变化特征。研究发现：（1）在全球变暖的背景下,1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷气温变化亦呈上升趋势,升温趋势的持续性较强,升温幅度0.03 ℃·a-1、0.29 ℃·（10 a）-1、0.74 ℃·（30 a）-1。（2）在1960-2015年期间,该地区季节性冻土呈退化趋势,具体表现为;冻结始日推迟,冻结终日提前,年冻结日数减少,年累积冻土厚度减小,最大冻土深度减小。（3）在1960-2015年期间,该地区季节性冻土持续退化趋势持续性强。（4）1960-2015 年新疆塔什库尔干河谷季节性冻土对气温变暖的具体响应呈现为退化状态。（5）按气候升温率Gt;0.034~0.046 ℃·a-1 计算,在气候变暖背景下,该地区季节性冻土到2050 年（较2000 年）的冻结始日将推迟12~15 d、年冻结日数将减少21~27 d、年累积冻土厚度将减少36.3%~46.7%。 相似文献
6.
滇中不同植被恢复策略下土壤入渗性能及其影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对按树林、荒坡灌草丛、云南松林、针阔混交林、次生常绿阔叶林5种不同植物群落恢复措施下,土壤入渗性及其相关影响因子进行研究,结果表明:土壤的饱和导水率在不同植物群落中的大小顺序为:次生常绿阔叶林＞针阔混交林和荒坡灌草丛＞云南松林＞桉树林,其值分别为0.64、0.52、0.52、0.20、0.14 mm/min;到达稳渗率的时间为云南松林和桉树林高于其他植被类型,土壤入渗过程符合Horton入渗模型.在不同的植物群落恢复下,随群落结构复杂程度的升高,土壤容重下降,总孔隙度及有机质含量递增;土壤入渗与土壤容重成负相关关系,与总孔隙度及有机质含量成正相关关系.在滇中地区以植物群落结构恢复为主要手段而间接的改善土壤性质,进而改变土壤入渗的影响因子,这样才能达到水源涵养的生态效应. 相似文献
7.
为了研究莫莫格湿地不同下垫面土壤冻融期的水热变化特征,在裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸设置观测区,于2017年10月28日～2018年4月18日期间,观测土壤温度和含水率,对比不同下垫面的土壤温度和含水率的变化规律。研究结果表明,与裸地相比,有枯萎植物覆盖的低湿草甸和草原草甸土壤冻结和消融的时间都滞后,且冻结时间增加;在2018年1月,日平均土壤温度最低,在3个观测深度中,5 cm深度的土温相对最低,裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸5 cm深度的土壤温度分别为-14.31℃、-13.21℃和-15.22℃;枯萎植物覆盖对土壤温度的影响具有双重性,在土壤冻结阶段,其具有保温作用,在土壤融化阶段,其使土壤升温较慢;低湿草甸土壤比裸地具有更好的保水能力,在土壤融化阶段,融雪水使土壤含水率增加。 相似文献
8.
为了研究莫莫格湿地不同下垫面土壤冻融期的水热变化特征,在裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸设置观测区,于2017年10月28日～2018年4月18日期间,观测土壤温度和含水率,对比不同下垫面的土壤温度和含水率的变化规律。研究结果表明,与裸地相比,有枯萎植物覆盖的低湿草甸和草原草甸土壤冻结和消融的时间都滞后,且冻结时间增加;在2018年1月,日平均土壤温度最低,在3个观测深度中,5 cm深度的土温相对最低,裸地、低湿草甸和草原草甸5 cm深度的土壤温度分别为-14.31℃、-13.21℃和-15.22℃;枯萎植物覆盖对土壤温度的影响具有双重性,在土壤冻结阶段,其具有保温作用,在土壤融化阶段,其使土壤升温较慢;低湿草甸土壤比裸地具有更好的保水能力,在土壤融化阶段,融雪水使土壤含水率增加。 相似文献
9.
田间测定沙地水分运动参数初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用田间垂直入渗试验法测定了沙地水分运动参数，并得到经验拟合曲线。沙土水分特征曲线表明，当体积含水率θ＞５％时，吸力Ｓ随θ增加而缓慢下降，而θ＜５％时，Ｓ随θ的减小而趋于急剧上升。非饱和导水率Ｋ～θ关系表明，当θ＞１５％时，导水率Ｋ值急剧上升，而θ＜１５％时，导水率Ｋ变化缓慢． 相似文献
10.
通过室内土壤水平一维入渗试验,测定了不同入渗水头作用下不同入渗时间对应的累计入渗量和湿润锋长度,分析了累计入渗量与湿润锋长度、累计入渗量与入渗时间平方根的关系,探讨了采用不同入渗水头作用下的水平入渗试验测定古尔班通古特沙漠南缘丘间地风沙土渗透系数的适用性。研究结果表明：累计入渗量与湿润锋长度呈显著的线性关系;累计入渗量与入渗时间平方根呈显著的线性关系,Philip公式较好地反映了不同入渗水头作用下的水平入渗特点;采用水平土柱入渗试验测定古尔班通古特沙漠南缘丘间地风沙土渗透系数是可行的。研究结果可为干旱区风沙土水力学研究提供参数,为推求风沙土水动力学参数的方法选择提供理论参考。 相似文献
11.
北京地区坡面径流计算模型的比较研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
利用北京市西南山区房山蒲洼两个坡耕地小区30场降雨径流资料和密云石匣示范区休闲地试验小区13场降雨径流资料，对Chu修正的Mein-Larson-Green-Ampt(GAML)、Phillip、Horton和SCS径流曲线数法4种径流计算公式进行了对比。结果表明：GAML和Phillip计算结果的模型确定性系数较高，Horton入渗曲线和SCS曲线数的计算结果模型确定性系数偏低。根据模型参数的易获得性，建议在北京山区，在有降雨过程资料时，使用Chu修正的GAML入渗曲线进行径流计算；若无降雨过程资料可用SCS径流曲线数进行径计算。本研究结果可用于北京地区径流量预报和水土资源评价。 相似文献
12.
Alpine soil infiltration process is an important part of the hydrological characteristics of alpine soil in permafrost. This research is carried out in the source region of the Yellow River where the permafrost is severely degraded, using various methods for choosing typical sample areas, and to experiment, study and simulate the soil water curve, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration and soil moisture under different characteristics of degraded vegetation. The results indicate that the empirical equation θ=AS−B, proposed by Gradner and Visser, is very reliable in simulating the soil moisture curve; soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil infiltration are significantly different under different vegetation coverage: in the soil surface within 0–10 cm, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration intensity of Black Beach are the strongest; respectively, in soil layers below 30 cm, vegetation has almost no impacts on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration intensity and soil moisture content. Significant reduction of soil moisture occurs in soil surfaces with degraded vegetation. The more serious the degradation, the more water loss, and it can be up to 38.6% in the worst situation. Soil moisture of developed vegetation root systems in depths within 10–20 cm has the greatest impact on the soil environment, and the loss of moisture induces difficulty in the restoration of degraded meadows. Through a comparative study, the Kostiakov infiltration equation f(t) = at−b is more applicable for studies on the process of soil moisture infiltration of the alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River. 相似文献
13.
改进的BTOPMC模型及其在水文模拟中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper, a grid-based distributed hydrological model BTOPMC （Block-wise use of TOPMODEL） is introduced, which was developed from the original TOPMODEL. In order to broaden the model＇s application to arid regions, improvement methodology is also implemented. The canopy interception and soil infiltration processes were incorporated into the original BTOPMC to model event-based runoff simulation in large arid regions. One designed infiltration model with application of time compression approximation method is emphasized and validated for improving model＇s performance for event hydrological simulations with a case study of Lushi River basin. 相似文献
14.
In this paper, a grid-based distributed hydrological model BTOPMC (Block-wise use of TOPMODEL) is introduced, which was developed from the original TOPMODEL. In order to broaden the model’s application to arid regions, improvement methodology is also implemented. The canopy interception and soil infiltration processes were incorporated into the original BTOPMC to model event-based runoff simulation in large arid regions. One de-signed infiltration model with application of time compression approximation method is emphasized and validated for improving model’s performance for event hydrological simulations with a case study of Lushi River basin. 相似文献
15.
Biancane badlands consisting of small domes dissected by rills and micropipes, with rough disordered microrehef, can be found along the Apennines in Italy. The dominant processes forming biancane differ from those of badlands formed on smectite-rich mudrocks, as micropipes associated with pseudokarstic enlargement of pores and cracks predominate and form the main routes for evacuation of eroded material.Biancana evolution is controlled by water infiltration into intact bedrock, producing an erodible weathering ‘rind’ which is more porous than intact rock. This rind is easily removed by rill or micropipe flow, and erosion is therefore ‘weathering-controlled’, depending on rind production by infiltrating water. Infiltration is initially slow and stepped, due to slow water movement through very small capillary pores in intact rock alternating with rapid filling of macropores and cracks. This occurs due to rapid matrix pore enlargement by dispersion and/or dissolution. The infiltration pattern is accurately reproduced by a model built on progressive development of weathering layers by moisture penetration. Model results are consistent with weathering rind depths and erosion observed in the field, and show that a pipe network can be generated on newly exposed rock by the rainfall of one year.Propagation of the pipe network diverts a progressively larger proportion of runoff into micropipes, expanding weathering rind production within the biancana as well as on the surface. Internal weathering and flow progressively dominate with few unweathered corestones, and the biancana gradually collapses into a penultimate “soufflé-like” form. 相似文献
16.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INFILTRATION AND EROSION UNDER SLOPE GRADIENTS AND VEGETAL COVERS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I.llltr0dtlch0n~studyhasshowedU1atiI1filtrationdePa1dsnot0nIyOnsoiIpIDpeIty,alndatln0iStLle,lainfallproPeltiesbutalsoonSu1facel1liclDtopographicprope1ties,sud1assudecesloPegradia1t,vopalcoverandlandtItiIization.n1etheofh1efonnerelelna1tsol1infiltrationhas… 相似文献
17.
There are numerous methods to prevent seepage flow and ground improvement methodologies such as cement grouting, sheet piling, and the membrane method. In this paper, we present case histories of freezing technology applications in the construction of a deep tunnel sewerage system, undersea highway tunnel, and liquefied natural gas tank. Heaving pressure measurements for various soil types around a liquefied natural tank are compared with existing data. In this paper, we present temperature variations at the bottom and side of a liquefied natural gas tank. Our findings show that ground-freezing technology is very effective in controlling ground water infiltration into underground structures as well providing soil reinforcement in the soft ground. 相似文献