共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
氮循环的人为干扰与土壤酸化 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
从生物地球化学循环的观点出发，研究了N循环的人为干扰与土壤酸化的关系，并探讨了N循环扰动下导致土壤酸化的机理。在土酸壤化中，人类对N循环干扰起作用最大的是对大气中NOx排放的影响以及对N固定的影响；前者通过酸雨导致土壤酸化，后者则通过施肥导致土壤酸化。 相似文献
2.
湖南洞庭湖地区土壤酸化特征及机理研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
湖南省洞庭湖地区是中国酸雨沉降和土壤酸化严重的地区之一,酸雨沉降具有明显的季节性和地域性差异,酸雨沉降与土壤酸化具有较好的空间对应性,但土壤酸化的程度还取决于土壤中盐基离子的含量。在土壤酸化较严重的地区,垂向上,土壤酸化深度已达50cm左右,土壤酸化伴随着大量的可溶性铝的溶出。在土壤pH值与盐基离子、氮和硫含量的关系曲线上,存在着pH值突变的临界点(临界点pH值为8),在碱性范围内,硅酸盐和铝硅酸盐矿物的水解使大量盐基离子溶出,中和了因SO42-和NO3-的输入而造成的土壤酸化,但当pH值下降到小于7·25的中酸性范围时,酸性物质和碱性物质组成的土壤缓冲体系失去缓冲作用,酸性物质略有增加,就会导致土壤迅速酸化。 相似文献
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浙江省北部地区调查研究表明,受成土母质来源、土壤类型及其理化性质等因素的影响,土壤元素全量、有效量及其有效度表现为:1)低山丘陵岗地土壤中As,Cd,Mo,Pb和Se全量较高,As,Cd,Fe,Pb,Se和Zn有效量较高;而山前平原区土壤中Hg,Pb和Zn元素全量较高,由地表向深部的下降递度较小,显示为原始沉积成因特点。2)中酸性、富含有机质的红壤和水稻土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效度较高,水稻土Hg有效度最低;弱碱性或碱性、贫有机质的潮土和滨海盐砂土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效量较低,但B有效量及有效度均较高。3)统计分析表明,土壤中Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd,Pb,Se等元素全量与有效量间具显著正相关性,表明全量是有效量的重要影响控制因素;有机质含量与Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As和Pb有效度间为显著正相关,说明有机质较高有利于土壤元素活化;Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As,Pb和Se有效度与pH值为显著负相关,表明土壤酸性增强(酸化)会增加这类元素的生物有效性。 相似文献
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模拟酸雨对阳离子在土体内迁移的影响 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
利用室内模拟酸雨的土柱实验,研究了在红壤表土施用钾肥后酸雨对不同土层交换性阳离子迁移的影响.结果表明,在不同土体深度,表土直接受酸沉降的淋溶,也是最容易发生酸化的土层, pH 2.5酸雨淋溶后,表土 pH值下降到 3.5～ 4.2,这是铝的缓冲范围,且土壤交换性 H 和 Al3 含量的增加显示出土壤对酸沉降的缓冲效率和缓冲能力的急剧减弱; pH 4.5酸雨淋溶后, A和 B层土壤 pH值上升了 0.3～ 0.5,其机理与的专性吸附释放 OH-有关;表土施用钾肥后, K 交换土壤表面的 H 和 Al3 ,引起土壤交换性 H 和 Al3 向下迁移;不同 pH值的酸性降雨引起土壤中交换性阳离子向下迁移和淋失的程度也有明显的差异, pH 2.5酸雨淋溶后土壤溶液中钾的含量高于 pH 4.5酸雨淋溶的,但交换性钾含量低于后者; pH 2.5和 pH 4.5酸雨淋溶后交换性钙的淋失量分别占原土的 50%～ 70%和 20%～ 40%,这表明酸雨淋洗会导致养分库的损耗,造成土壤养分贫瘠. 相似文献
6.
石灰土盐基离子迁移对模拟酸雨的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示酸雨条件下石灰土盐基离子迁移特征及其缓冲性能,对石灰土进行了室内模拟酸雨淋溶试验,探讨酸雨酸度、土层厚度、土表覆被对石灰土酸化/石灰土抗酸性以及盐基离子迁移的影响。结果表明:（1）在pH=3.5、4.5、5.5的酸雨淋溶下,石灰土盐基离子迁移量差异不显著,对酸雨具有极强的缓冲能力。期间,Ca2+与Mg2+释放呈显著线性相关。（2）土壤厚度对石灰土抗酸性有极显著影响,土壤越厚,对酸雨的抗性越大,反之越小。（3）土厚比1∶2.5∶5的石灰土盐基离子淋失状况为K+淋失量1∶1.43∶2.06,Ca2+淋失量为1∶1.63∶3.13,Mg2+淋失量为1∶1.64∶3.15,表明土厚的增加能大大降低酸雨对盐基的淋溶。（4）石灰土土表覆盖不同,其盐基离子迁移淋溶量差异明显,但并不对土壤酸化效应产生显著影响。 相似文献
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烟台市是山东半岛蓝色经济区核心城市之一。通过对山东省烟台市生态地球化学资料的系统整理,发现土壤主要污染因子是Cd、As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素,工矿三废排放是土壤重金属的主要来源;过量施用化肥和工矿污染形成的酸雨使区内土壤明显酸化,土壤根系土中镉等元素在酸性环境中活化迁移能力明显增强,有毒重金属镉等通过土壤-水-植物活化迁移量大,经食物链向人体中转移危险性增大。土壤重金属污染和土壤酸化成为烟台市域内两项重大的生态环境问题,为土地污染防治提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩红土风化剖面的淋滤试验研究—— 以贵州遵义和平坝剖面为例 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用人工配制的饱和碳酸水溶液对贵州省安顺、遵义两个典型红土风化剖面的样品柱,在常温、常压下进行长约100小时的淋滤试验。对溶液中10种元素进行检测表明:石灰岩及其溶滤层比白云岩及其溶滤层Ca、Mg的溶出量大2～5倍;成土物质Al、Si、Fe、Mn等元素有微量的溶出,且红土化程度较低的石灰岩风化剖面较红土化程度较高的白云岩剖面的溶出量大几倍,遵义剖面在碳酸水的淋滤下发生较明显的脱Si作用。试验前后淋滤液的酸度值发生显著变化,pH值由4.12～4.17变为6.86～8.09。 相似文献
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湖南洞庭湖区土壤酸化及其对土壤质量的影响 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
酸雨沉降引起的土壤酸化是当前全球最大的环境问题之一,湖南洞庭湖地区是中国土壤酸化非常严重的地区之一。随着土壤的酸化,Cd和Pb等有害元素的水溶态和交换态含量上升,特别是土壤在碱性至弱酸性范围内,Cd的生物活性急剧提高,给农作物安全生产带来了危害。土壤酸化还造成K、Na、Ca、Mg等盐基离子大量淋失,有益元素有效态含量也急剧减少,土壤肥力下降,养分贫瘠,土壤质量下降。针对土壤酸化带来的种种影响,提出了建议:提高能源利用率;增施有机肥,提高土壤缓冲能力;改进施肥结构;适量施用石灰、白云石粉,调整土壤pH值。 相似文献
10.
碳化作用对水泥固化/稳定化铅污染土溶出特性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《岩土力学》2016,(1)
采用室内加速碳化试验方法,分析了碳化作用对水泥固化/稳定化重金属污染土淋滤特性的影响规律。对人工配制的不同浓度铅污染土进行水泥固化/稳定化处理,标准养护28 d后对部分土样进行加速碳化试验,剩余试样继续标准养护。通过半动态淋滤试验方法测试了碳化后试样和标准养护试样的铅溶出量,并计算铅扩散系数、固化/稳定化土淋滤指数,分析碳化作用对水泥固化/稳定化铅污染土环境安全性以及铅溶出机制的影响。结果表明,单位面积上铅的溶出速率随淋滤时间的增加而降低;浸出液中铅累计溶出量与淋滤时间的平方根呈近似线性关系;碳化养护试样的铅累计溶出量是标准养护试样的0.68~0.91倍,碳化有利于铅的固化/稳定化。固化稳定化处理后铅的扩散系数在2.12×10-12~1.39×10-9 cm~2/s之间,淋滤指标在8.86~11.7之间,且碳化作用下铅的扩散系数进一步降低,淋滤指标略有升高。低铅含量土样中铅溶出机制为表面侵蚀,而高铅含量试样中铅溶出机制为表面侵蚀和扩散共同作用,并以扩散为主。 相似文献
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Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area)
in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in
a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations
of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation
isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent
susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in
topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy
dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters
of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and
power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM
and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy
mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation
of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of
pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》1997,12(3):243-254
Column flow-through experiments reacting wastewater solutions with sandy loam soil samples were performed to study heavy metal attenuation by two soils with different physical and chemical properties. Reacted soil columns were leached with synthetic acid rain to study the mobility of attenuated heavy metals under leaching conditions. This study demonstrates that cation exchange, surface adsorption, chelation with solid organic material, and precipitation were the important attenuation mechanisms for the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ph, and Zn). Adsorption on soil hydrous oxide surfaces was the primary attenuation mechanism for Cd and Zn in both soils, and for Cu in a soil with low organic matter content. Wastewater solution pH is also an important factor that influences the retention of heavy metals. Cadmium, Cu, Cr, and Zn became mobile after prolonged application of spiked wastewater solution, either through saturation of soil adsorption sites or due to decreasing pH. Only Cr, Pb, and Mo, which are attenuated primarily through precipitation, show significant net retention by soil. Acid rain water removed heavy metals left in the column residual pore solution and weakly sorbed heavy metals in the soils, and has the ability to mobilize some strongly attenuated heavy metals, especially when the soil organic matter content is high. The results have important applications in predicting heavy metal mobility in contaminated soil, the disposal of acid mine drainage, and assessing the risks of landfall leachate leakage. 相似文献
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The role of humic acids from Tasmanian podzolic soils in mineral degradation and metal mobilization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W.E. Baker 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(2):269-281
Humic acid extracted from a podzolic soil developed under Eucalyptus delegatensis and Pteridium aquilinum in northwestern Tasmania exhibits very strong solvent activity towards a number of minerals and metals. Aqueous solutions (0.1 per cent w/v) of this acid acting for 24 hours on mineral grains ranging in size from 297 to 590 μ, extracted varying amounts of metal. Chalcopyrite yielded 140 μg Cu whereas chalcocite released 15,000 μg Cu. Some correlation is found between relative bond strengths of sulphides and their degradation by humic acids. For example, galena is far less stable than sphalerite. Haematite and pyrolusite are quite vulnerable to humic acid attack and this may be a factor in the lack of development of extensive gossans over mineralization in western Tasmania during the current erosional cycle. Metals are particularly strongly attacked with a maximum release of 291,000 μg Pb in 24 hours. Contrary to earlier findings, Ag and Au were found to release 400 μg and 20 μg respectively of metal in a period of 6 weeks.Humic acid extracted from soils below other vegetation types in northwestern and western Tasmania are all active in mineral degradation. The variable effect of the acids is possibly the result of overall differences in complexing sites active under the conditions of experimentation and selective complexation. Several examples of minor soil organic compounds show no greater activity than humic acids and on the basis of their very low content in the soils studied, they are considered inferior to the latter as agents of weathering. Many metal humates display low solubility in water, but they are readily mobilized in the presence of humic acids. Humic acids developed under varying vegetation in a cool temperate climate are potentially very powerful solvents in the weathering cycle. Their ability to mobilize precipitated metal humates suggests that classical concepts of relative metal mobility may need modification in environments where appreciable concentrations of these substances are found. 相似文献
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Interaction of organic acids and pH on multi-heavy metal extraction from alkaline and acid mine soils 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Y. Z. Ding Z. G. Song R. W. Feng J. K. Guo 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(1):33-42
Vegetation at mining sites can produce increased heavy metal leaching by the organic acids and protons originating from root secretion and litter degradation. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic acids and pH on the extraction of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from an alkaline mine soil (sampled from a mining site of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province) and an acid mine soil (sampled from a mining site of Daxin county, Guangxi Province). The results showed that in the presence of organic acids (acetic, oxalic, malic, fumaric, tartaric and citric acids) at pH 7, the extraction of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from the acid mine soil was much higher than that from the alkaline mine soil, in which only citric acid with higher concentration was capable of extracting some heavy metals. Citric acid had the strongest ability in extracting heavy metals, followed by oxalic acid. Heavy metal extraction dramatically decreased with increasing pH. Moreover, at low pH, oxalic acid promoted the risk of Cu leaching; at high pH, the leaching of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu was enhanced by both oxalic and citric acids. This indicated that those plants, which can produce substantial citric acid or oxalic acid by root secretion and litter degradation, should not be selected for the revegetation of mining sites. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》1997,12(2):225-228
In this paper the main results of an experimental acidification of 5 Galician soils are presented. The acid input caused decrease in pH and mobilization of Al and some heavy metals. Owing to the great differences in the soils studied, the type of metal released and its concentrations in solution varied greatly. pH and metal content of the soils were the factors most influencing metal mobilization. The acid input greatly enhanced the mobilization of Al in the most acidic soils, particularly those developed from mica schist or shale. Large increases in Mn were observed in the soils developed from serpentinite and mica schist. The greatest Zn increase took place in soils derived from granulite and shale. Nickel increased only in the soil developed on serpentinite. Mobilization of Cu and Pb did not occur in any soil. 相似文献
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Effects of humic acid on heavy metal uptake by herbaceous plants in soils simultaneously contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Soyoung Park Ki Seob Kim Daesok Kang Hansam Yoon Kijune Sung 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(8):2375-2384
The effects of humic acid (HA) on heavy metal uptake by herbaceous plants in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons were investigated. The results showed that HA reduced readily soluble and exchangeable forms of heavy metals in the contaminated soil but increased their plant-available forms. Potential bioavailability and leachability factors became larger than 1 after adding HA to the soil, except for those of Ni, suggesting that more heavy metals could be potentially phytoavailable for plant uptake. Furthermore, HA increased the accumulation of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni in the shoots and roots of selected plants. The greatest increase in the accumulation of heavy metals was 264.7 % in the shoot of Festuca arundinacea, with the bioconcentration factor (BCF) increasing from 0.30 to 1.10. Humic acid also increased the BCFs of the roots of Brassica campestris for Ni and Pb. These results suggest that HA amendment could enhance plant uptake of heavy metals, while concurrently reducing heavy metal leachability and preventing subsurface contamination, even in soils simultaneously contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. 相似文献
19.
M. Yukselen 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):597-603
The Lefke region of Northern Cyprus was a site of intense copper mining and smelting activities until the 1970s, which produced large tailings. This study was initiated to characterize the heavy metal contamination of soils of the area and to assess the influence of this site on the surface seawater quality along the coastline. Soil and seawater samples were collected and analysed. Copper and arsenic concentrations exceeded the limits for 'extremely polluted' soils for some samples, which can be classified as 'polluted' by zinc, cadmium and lead. The results showed that seawater was seriously polluted by chromium, nickel and copper in the vicinity of the smelting facility. Copper and iron concentrations increased tenfold after rainfall (wet period), indicating the contribution of tailings to marine pollution. There is an urgent need for remediation treatment for the site. 相似文献