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Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas. 相似文献
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Based on development level of regional society and economy, the paper attempts to analyze the present situation, types and
change of regional environment in China through the definition of four conceptions environmental pollution index (EPI), social
and economic comprehensive index (SECI), —environmental comprehensive index (ECI) and social, economic and environmental comprehensive
index (SEECI) and some mathematical calculation, and draws some conclusions to be worth referring: 1). There exists close
relation between economic development and environmental situation. With high-speed development of economy, the discharge of
the three wastes in China has been increasing, but its environmental social and economic benefit has also been improved at
the same time. 2) In the course of economic development, regional environment situation in China has continuously been changing,
and there exists the difference of environmental quality between provinces, which is bigger than that of economic development
level between them. 3) Except very few provinces, regional EPI in China has risen in varying degrees since the 1980s, which
shows that the task for China to prevent environment from polluting its still arduous. 相似文献
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Human beings have had a tremendous impact on natural ecosystems and are now the principal power to change the biosphere.It is logical that we should pay close attention to the interaction between human systems and environ-mental systems.Taking Minqin bsin ,Gansu Province,as a case,this paper focuses on the evolution of regional physic-cal environments and the cultural systems by which people maintain their relationships with those environments.This pa-per presents the conceptural framework for the man-land system.Expecting to accelerate the regional sustainable develop-ment,it also analyses the evolutionary mechanism of regional man-land system.On the basis of reviewing and analyzing the evolution of man-land system in Minqin basin,the paper also brings forward an adujusting mode for the studied area, which consists of three aspects:to build up a concept that economic growth must harmonize with environmental qualityˊs and land productivityˊs improvement;to make a whole planning and management in the drainage area;and to push for-ward the technique of water-saving irrigation and establish water-saving agricultural system. Itˊs meaningful for resource exploitation and sustainable development of Chinese northwestern arid area,which is represented by Minqin basin,by under-standing what great changes the basin has experienced is experiencing at the global background,and studying its time standing what great changes the basin has experienced and is experiencing at the global background,and studying its time order and territorial structure ,the systemˊs character and law of evolution,trend and the regulating ways to improve man-land relationship. 相似文献
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农业文化遗产具有重要的社会经济价值和生态系统服务功能,不过相应的数字化保护探索还相对缺乏。本文就农业文化遗产数字化保护的意义、内涵、主要内容与关键技术等开展探讨：① 数字化可以丰富农业文化遗产的保护途径,为相关部门的决策提供依据,有助于促进公众对农业文化遗产的认知;② 农业文化遗产数字化保护的主体内容包括粮食与生计安全、农业生物多样性、地方和传统知识体系、文化与信仰和社会组织、景观与美学特征;③ 农业文化遗产数字化保护的关键技术包括多粒度时空数据对象分析与处理、云计算与服务、大数据分析和人工智能等。研究表明,农业文化遗产数字化保护是一项复杂的系统工程,需要加强对建设目标、标准以及示范性应用等的研究,同时处理好保护与发展的辩证关系,并明确其地位与功能。 相似文献
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BELEJMiroslaw ZROBEKSabina LIANGLiu-ke 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(4):366-372
The conception of an efficient cadastral system is an important element in the development of each coun-try. It is crucial for the efficient operation of the real estate market—the security and liberty of making transactions, register-ing a property, planning operations, the introduction of an ad valorem tax on property and more rational use of space. InEurope there are different types of cadastral systems, because the countries in Europe have different cultural back-grounds, different economical and social backgrounds. Through the centuries, many types of cadastral systems evolvedand their differences often depend upon local cultural heritage, physical geography, land use, technology, etc. Compara-tive analyses of cadastral systems have been the subjects of many publications and studies in world literature. It was as-sessed that the useful tools in conducting comparative analyses of various cadastral systems include the procedures of statisti-cal inference. This paper presents the results of a project to compare the performance of ten cadastral systems international-ly by creating appropriate integrated indicators of a cadastral system using statistical technique. Such indicators willmake it possible to compare different cadastral systems and present them hierarchically in relation to their quality, struc-ture, as well as legal, organizational and technological solutions. From a good number of methods available, techniquesoriginating from two spheres of statistic inference were selected: distribution free methods and multivariate analysis meth-ods. For analyses with the distribution free methods, FRIEDMAN‘‘s test (FRIENDMAN‘‘s non-parametric variance analy-sis) as well as KENDALL‘‘s test ( KENDALL‘‘s compatibility ratio) were selected. For analyses with the multivariate analy-sis methods, factor analysis was selected. 相似文献
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《中国地理科学(英文版)》2021,(4)
Sustainable development is the theme of the 21st century. To monitor the progress of sustainable development, the United Nations launched Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) in 2015. Subsequently, nations of the world have drawn up a list of localized indicators regarding the United Nations SDGs as a paradigm. We established a database including SDGs indicator systems of 11 economies by collecting and determining a large number of materials. Based on this database, we analyzed SDGs indicators by designing a conceptual framework of comparative analysis that included three views. We found that the SDGs indicator systems of 11 economies are different between the number of indicators, the proportion of different categories, and the connotation of indicators. Although the SDGs indicator systems among economies regarded the United Nations SDGs as a framework and included the major social problems related to sustainability, the inconsistency between SDGs indicator systems is large. It is a major reason why scholars lack the systematic method for developing indicators. There are challenges faced in data accessibility. The framework for comparative analysis could be applied to different economies. 相似文献
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区域可持续发展的指标、标准和限制(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界各国包括俄罗斯在内已经出版了大量关于可持续发展的理论研究方面的书籍。但总体而言,在不同结构层次(全球、国家、区域和地方)的可持续发展模型中,区域水平上的模型可能是最复杂和最基础的层次。本文在构建可持续发展模型的框架下,给出了一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的指标体系、标准和限制,并建立了一套评价区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的方法。首先,对区域层次上达到可持续发展的条件和内容进行分析。其次,给出一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的框架。其中区域发展的经济质量是指其自身资源状况所带来的区域发展能力;区域发展的社会质量是指由区域的人口潜力和社会结构所带来的在一个长时期内稳定的区域人口以及由此提供的高标准生活质量的能力;区域发展的生态质量是指在一个长时期内区域保持其自然资源潜力和高质量环境的能力。区域可持续发展是在一个长时期内(10年)区域高质量的发展,在区域发展质量水平上进行可持续性和平衡性的评价是必要的,为此建立三者之间适当的比例关系。第三,为反映区域间发展的差异,对区域内的经济、社会等进行自然-经济区划以及对每个分区进行相应的指标的计算。这些绝对和相对的可持续发展比率反映了一定时期内实际的状态距离标准值的程度,刻画了区域发展的质量特征。如果这种比率发生变化,或者相对标准值发生动态改变,那么这些比率就可以评估发展的稳定性,以及同时反映了区域发展在质量上的提高或者降低。第四,区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的评价。第一步是进行局部自然资源分区和把国土自然资源系统作为最复杂的评价对象进行整体考虑。然后对每一个自然资源系统进行动态平衡的计算(这种平衡反映了自然资源的动态和状态)。自然资源潜在的变化可以用实际的或者预测的数据进行计算。 相似文献
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So-called free economic region is a special region without jurisdiction of customs, delimited by one country. There are mainly
four types of free economic region, that is, commercial type of free economic region —free port, industrial type of free economic
region — export processing area, integrated commercial and trade type of free economic region — free trade zone, and scientific
and technological type of free economic region — scientific industrial park. With the development of free economic region
of different countries, besides free economic region within one country, there appear transnational border free economic region
established by two or multiple countries. Analysing favorable factors and unfavorable factors to establish the free economic
region for China and Russia, for example, China and Russia have land boundary line of 4282.7 km; China and Russia may strengthen
overall cooperation in politics, military, economy, science and technology, culture, etc. making full use of geographical
factors of the two countries, borders; there is a strong complementarity in resources, labour force etc. for China and Russia;
strengthening the Sino-Russian economic trade cooperation is needed, the authors proposed a conception and selected four comparative
ideal locations for establishing the Sino-Russian border free economic region: Manzhouli-Zabaikalye Free Economic Region,
Heihe-Blagoveshchensk Free Economic Region, Suifenhe-Pogranichnyy Free Economic Region, Hunchun-Hasan Free Economic Region.
Finally the principles and patterns for establishing free economic region are discussed. 相似文献
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Communities in developing country mountain areas, in part due to their remoteness, find themselves excluded from social, political and economic systems; and excluded from access to resources. This paper aims to study the impact of information and communication technologies （ICTs） on remoteness and exclusion. It utilises two models - the resource movement framework, and the ＂information chain＂ - to analyse a telecentre in one district of mountainous Huancavelica, Peru＇s poorest region, set in the high Andes. It finds ICTs enabling new and positive resource flows for the two key user groups： teenaged school students and young farmers. These help to maintain social networks. They also support information searches that have improved agricultural practice where other information chain resources have been available. But non-use and ineffective use of the telecentre are found where information chain resources are lacking. ICTs have some impacts on intangible elements of remoteness. In this particular example, they also offer access to some previously-excluded resources. But they have not really addressed the systematic exclusions faced by mountain communities. And they so far appear to be a technology of inequality; favouring those residents who begin with better resource endowments. The paper concludes by offering some recommendations for mountain ICT project practice. 相似文献
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WANGHong GUChao－lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(2):152-156
Chinaˊs urban reforms have brought social progress and development,but a comprehensive national system of social welfare(for example,unemployment insurance,pensions,medical care and public housing)for new migrants from rural areas is lacking.One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in so-cial“equality“,with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society.Howev-er,there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants.Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums.This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy,which include mainly:1)accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects;2)ur-ban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy;3)to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty;4)to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology;5)to coordi-nate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijingˊs metropolitan fringe. 相似文献
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Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development. China is a country with high stocks of social
capital. Using several different indicators of social capital, this study tries to research the regional disparities in social
capital and the influence of social capital on economic growth of China in 1978–2004. Measuring social capital with indicators
of associations, charities and blood donation rates, this study finds significant regional disparities in social capital at
provincial level in China. Those indicators for social capital are highly correlated with regional economic performance. Statistical
analysis shows that social capital has a significant and positive effect on a long-term provincial economic growth. This relationship
exists after controlling policy, macro location factors, and per capita GDP in the initial year. The empirical findings indicate
that institutions, culture and social relations are critical for regional development in China. Therefore, the creation and
support of social capital should be paid more attention to when making regional policy. 相似文献
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Jonathan Mitchley Marlin F. Price Joseph Tzanopoulos 《山地科学学报》2006,3(4):276-286
Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas. 相似文献
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Evolution of population, resources, environment and integrated strategy of their development in Shanghai 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Study on coordiantion among population(P), resources(R), environment(E), and development(D) (PRED) has comprehensive and extensive
contents, which serves as the core of sustainable development. Since the 1980s, PRED has been becoming one of the most important
regional studies in China. Based on existing research and collected data, this study analyses the course of the PRED evolution
in Shanghai during 1978–1995. Seven indicators were selected to assess the evolution characteristics and interaction mechanism
of Shanghai PRED, including growth rate of GDP, growth rate of population, growth rate of industry energy consumption etc.
These indicators were designed to reflect representativeness, relativity and data availability. This study showed that there
was obvious asynchronous among indicators and annual change of single indicator lacked of regularity, coordination between
environment and economic remains the main challenge facing Shanghai, and the key readjusted factors will be population growth
rate, GDP growth rate and per residential area growth rate. The study further pointed out that plan, structure and system
power were equally important for the more coordinate development in Shanghai. Detailed dicussion on the systematic measurement
in each aspect of P, R, E, D indicated that higher development level is the essential basis for Shanghai PRED coordination.
Foundation item: Qimingxin Scheme Sponsored by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee.
Biography: YUAN Wen(1965–), female, a native of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Prorince, Ph. D in environmental evolution and sustainable
development, associate professor of East China Normal University. 相似文献
16.
海岸带环境系统与海岸带信息系统 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文提出海岸带环境系统的概念模型,分析了海岸带环境系统动态变化的驱动因素,论述了自然控制和等级调控理论、全球变化和区域调控理论是海岸带环境系统调控的理论基础。阐述海岸带环境系统调控的信息机理。海岸带综合管理是海岸带环境系统调控的一个主要途径。在地理信息系统和遥感技术支持下进行海岸带信息集成与综合,并以此为基础建立复杂的海岸带环境系统动态时空模型,为实施海岸带综合管理和调控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities
influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment
database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990–2000).
It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland —
arable land conversion zone, dry land — paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and
pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized
as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74.9 and 276.0 thousand ha respectively;
urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland
decreased sharply with the amount of 1399.0 and 1521.3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased
by 148.4 and 513.9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper
also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect
conspicuously the conversion of different land-use types. In this paper, the relationships between land-use conversion and
DEM, accumulated temperature (⩾10°C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land-use changes
in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population
growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland — cropland conversion zone. The
conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land — paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change
promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China
has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially
from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is
caused prmarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation management by local
governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness
among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of farming
than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up
areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion
of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic
relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation program Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX-2-308).
Biography: LIU Ji-yuan (1947 - ), male, a native of Shanghai Municipality, professor, Director General of Institute of Geographical
Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include environment and resources,
remote sensing and geography. 相似文献
18.
《山地科学学报》2021,(3)
Sustainable tourism, as an integral part of sustainable development, emerged as a logical outcome of preventing the uncontrolled and excessive use of tourism resources and attractions. This study analyzes whether mountain tourism development in Serbia can be sustainable and feasible in the long term. Given the heterogeneity of mountains in Serbia in terms of tourism development, the subject of this research is the achieved level of sustainable tourism development in mountains in the most developed and most visited region in Serbia-?umadija and Western Serbia: Zlatibor, Kopaonik, Tara, Zlatar, Mokra Gora and Go?. The sustainable tourism development level was analyzed by using five groups of the EU's comparative indicators: economic, social, cultural, environmental and tourist satisfaction indicators. The results showed that the development of tourism in the examined mountains is not fully aligned with sustainable development. The tourist satisfaction indicator has the most acceptable values, which is a good basis for further harmonization of tourism development on the principles of sustainability. Economic indicators, especially the ratio of overnight stays and accommodation capacities, show the most unacceptable values, which indicate the need for implementing changes in the process of tourism development in the coming period. The analysis of sustainable tourism in mountain areas in ?umadija and the Western Serbia undoubtfully points out that it is necessary to significantly change the current tourism product portfolio, which implies harmonizing mountain tourism development with global trends. Certainly, a comparative analysis that looks at the degree of sustainability of mountain tourism in some countries of the Alpine region, such as Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, contributes to this. The more intensive development of tourism throughout the year would significantly improve indicators of sustainable tourism in all analyzed mountain areas of ?umadija and Western Serbia. This would improve the value of economic indicators, which are marked as the most unsustainable. The development of tourism in the summer season, especially recreational and adventure tourism, would improve the social and cultural component of sustainable tourism. Environmental dimension of sustainable tourism would be enhanced by the development of ecotourism. By connecting spatially close mountains(Zlatibor, Zlatar, Tara and Mokra Gora) into a unique and integrated tourism destination, synergistic effects would be achieved resulting in international recognition and making the region of ?umadija and Western Serbia competitive on the European market. 相似文献
19.
A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIYUN RESERVOIR AREA，CHINA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Miyun Reservoir was designated as the water source of Beijing City in 1982.Since that time ,so-cio-economic development in Miyun Area has been slowing due to the restriction of severe environmental standards.More and more attention from the public and government has been paid to the regional sustainable development.And an effect-tive planning for the local society management system is urgently desired.In this study,a regional sustainable develop-ment system dynamics model,named MiyunSD, is developed for supporting this planning task.MiyunSDconsists of dynamo-ic simulation models that explicitly consider information feedback that governs interactions in the system.Such models are capable of simulating the systemˊs behavior and predicting its developing situation of the future.For the study case,interact-tions among a number of system components within a time frame of fifteen years are examined dynamically.Three plan-ning altermatives are carefully considered.The base run is based on an assumption that the existing pattern of human active-ties will prevail in the entire planning horizon,and the other altermatives are based on previous and present planning stud-ies.The different alternatives will get different systemˊs environmental and socio-economic results.Through analyzing these dynamic results,local authorities may find an optimal way to realize the objectives that the regional environment will be well protected and at the same time the economy will be rapidly developed. 相似文献
20.
HUBao-qing LIAOChi-mei YANZhi-qiang LILing QINKai-xian 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):122-128
In order to study the spatial-temporal change and environmental management of regional karst LUCC (land use and land cover change) and its causative environmental effect-rocky dcsertification by integrating qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and relying on RS, GIS and GPS (3S) techniques, karst land rocky derification dynamic monitoring and visualization management information system (KLRD.DMVM.IS) is framed, which includes design aim and structure model, function design, database design and model system design. The model system design gives priority to dynamic monitoring, drive force diagnosis, comprehensive evaluation and decision support of karst rocky desertification. From the viewpoint of model type, mathematic expression and its meaning, the dynamic monitoring models are concretely devised to reflect the spatial and temporal changing features and the trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertification. Taking Du‘an Yao Autonomic County of Guangxi as an example, the KLRD.DMVM.1S is systematically analyzed in the application of the process and trend of karst LUCC and rocky desertiflcation in Du‘an County, and it provides the technical support for the study on karst land rocky desertification. 相似文献