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1.
末次间冰期以来陆地生态系统的碳储量与气候变化   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
陆地生态系统的碳收支是全球气候变化和碳循环研究的核心内容之一.准确估算陆地生态系统的碳储量及其收支状况,对正确评价陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中的作用有重要意义.本文总结了近10年来各国研究者利用不同方法对陆地碳储量变化的研究进展,并对估算陆地碳储量的不确定性进行评价.同时,对陆地生态系统碳储量变化研究结果的分析表明,末次间冰期以来,全球陆地生态系统碳储量存在较大幅度的变化.在末次间冰期5e阶段、末次盛冰期和全新世中期,陆地生态系统碳储量分别为现在的l30~150%、50~85%和105~130%.并且,陆地生态系统碳储量与气候变化有显著的正相关性,但不同区域的生态系统碳储量随气候变化并非具有相同的变化规律.  相似文献   

2.
大同盆地地处我国季风影响的北部边缘, 第四纪以来盆地内发育厚层的河湖相地层, 其上覆盖马兰黄土或全新世沉积, 蕴含着丰富的气候环境变迁信息, 是研究气候环境变化的理想场所. 在对盆地内地层考察的基础上, 对晚近地质时期河湖相与风成相互层沉积剖面的磁化率、粒度变化进行了分析. 结果表明: 220 ka BP以来大同盆地气候变化经历了中更新世(220~199 ka BP)暖湿期、中更新世(199~138 ka BP)干冷期、末次间冰期(138~71 ka BP)暖湿期、末次冰期(71~11 ka BP)干冷期、全新世(11 ka BP至今)频繁的干冷暖湿波动变化过程, 每个阶段仍有次一级的气候波动. 大同盆地这种气候变化与深海氧同位素以及我国北方萨拉乌苏河地区、岱海等地揭示的气候变化有很好的对应, 反映出本区气候变化是对全球冰期-间冰期气候波动的响应.  相似文献   

3.
陆地生态系统古碳储量演化历史既是理解过去区域碳循环过程的基础,也是预测未来陆地碳库变化趋势的重要参照。以往由于实测记录的缺乏和现代碳循环模型应用的局限,难于实现过去陆地碳库的准确重建。本研究通过地质时期86个点位的孢粉记录与古碳循环模型模拟的结合,在定量化重建全新世渭河流域古气候参数空间格局的基础上,模拟了自然植被时空演化过程及其陆地生态系统碳储量变化。结果表明,全新世早期到中期,流域森林面积覆盖度由34%增至63%,导致陆地生态系统碳储量从2.48 Pg C增至3.40 Pg C;全新世中期到晚期,流域森林面积覆盖度降至20%,陆地生态系统碳库储量随之减少了1.03 Pg C。空间上,流域碳密度变化主要受控于植被类型的分布,后者又与地貌条件密切相关。全新世中期全球增温情形下渭河流域森林植被大面积扩张和碳储量显著增加的结果,预示着未来全球变暖背景下该流域陆地生态系统具有较强的碳汇潜力。  相似文献   

4.
天目山泥炭有机碳同位素特征及其古环境意义   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
通过对浙江天目山泥炭剖面的高密度采样和有机碳同位素分析,重建了该地区4 ka BP以来的古植被特征和古环境演化历史.天目山3200 a BP之前,气候温和适度,晚期变冷变干,为中全新世末气候波动的过渡时期.3200~700 a BP,有机碳δ13Corg值在波动中降低,气候出现多次急剧冷暖变化,指示了几次温暖与寒冷事件.700 aBP以来,有机碳同位素迅速正偏,表明又一暖期的出现,到了后期气温又有所降低,植被转化为草原草甸景观.天目山地区近4 ka以来的气候变化与国内外不同区域的研究资料相一致,但又有区域的差异性.  相似文献   

5.
通过有机碳同位素(δ~(13)C_(crg)),磁化率和粒度的测定和分析,结合光释光年龄标定,对新疆巴里坤湖区滨湖相沉积物14ka B.P.以来δ~(13)C_(crg)值变化的影响因素及其反映的气候特征进行了研究。结果表明:在巴里坤湖区植被类型主要以C_3植被为主,干湿变化是导致δ~(13)C_(crg)值波动的主要因素,在末次冰消期至早全新世阶段(14.0~8.4ka B.P.),巴里坤湖区周围冰川尚未融化,剖面δ~(13)C_(crg)值最为偏正,在-22‰到-21‰之间变化,暗示剖面处在干-旱的气候条件下;进入全新世后,随着巴里坤山冰川的融化,湖区湿度增加,同位素值持续偏负,达到23.5‰,同时中值粒径和磁化率同步降低;在中全新世阶段(7.2~5.0ka B.P.)出现高湖面,同位素值达到-24‰左右,为剖面同位素值最低阶段;中晚全新世阶段(5.0~1.5ka B.P.)δ~(13)C_(crg)值开始逐渐偏正,表明气候开始变干;1.5ka B.P.至今的δ~(13)C_(crg)值则是在-24‰~-23‰间频繁波动,反映了该时段气候的不稳定性。  相似文献   

6.
张会领  蒲晓强 《地球学报》2011,32(1):95-100
通过对云南寻甸XR1石笋进行TIMS-U系测年、氧碳同位素和沉积速率变化分析,重建了寻甸地区中全新世季风气候演化模式:(1)8.0~6.0 ka BP为温暖湿润期;(2)6.0~5.1 ka BP为气候突变期,温湿向冷干转变;(3)5.1~2.1 ka BP为气候恢复期,气候从冷干逐渐恢复到中全新世正常的气候水平.XR...  相似文献   

7.
碳同位素技术在土壤碳循环研究中的应用   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
碳在土壤中的储量和存储时间是陆地生态系统碳库中最大和最长的,而土地利用方式会影响到土壤碳储量及其循环周期,因此有效的土地利用管理可使土壤成为一个碳汇。土壤储存碳的过程就是土壤有机碳动态平衡的变化,因此认识土壤有机碳的动态变化是揭示土壤碳循环过程及其调控机制的重要方面。首先介绍了碳的一种稳定性同位素(13C)和放射性同位素(14C)在生态系统长期动态过程的重建(如C3/C4植被的历史格局)、土壤有机碳周转周期等方面的应用,探讨了同位素示踪技术在土壤有机碳来源、周转周期、土壤CO2通量的变化和组分区分、同位素富集等研究领域的应用,归纳了土壤碳循环研究中的基本问题,提出了未来土壤碳循环同位素示踪的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

8.
土壤碳库研究及碳汇问题是近年来土壤碳循环与全球变化研究的热点领域,土壤是陆地生态系统的核心,研究土壤有机碳储量和碳密度的影响因素对正确评价本区碳循环有重要意义,本文利用土壤类型、土地利用类型、地貌类型、生态系统等影响因素对研究区表层土壤有机碳密度和碳储量进行了评价,分析了兰州—白银地区1987年和2014年土壤有机碳储量、碳密度的变化,其中2014年土壤有机碳储量增加了3.58×106 t,说明这些年土壤固碳效果明显,土地利用方式更合理。认为研究区有机碳碳密度、碳储量在空间上的分布极不均匀,与成土母质、土壤自身理化特性、土地利用方式及自然景观条件、人类活动等因素密切相关,是多因素综合影响的结果。  相似文献   

9.
文章利用黄土高原西缘代表性的塬堡剖面有机碳同位素数据,估算了末次冰期以来地表植被中C3/C4植 物的相对丰度,指示出研究区域末次冰期几乎为纯粹的C3植物,而全新世为C3植物占优势的C3和C4混合植被类 型。温度是控制中国黄土高原C4植物是否发生的关键性气候因素,末次冰期向全新世转化过程中存在的某“阈值 温度”控制了两种植被类型的存在。全新世土壤有机碳同位素偏正于末次冰期,符合前人研究得到的认识。末次 冰期间冰段(MIS3)至盛冰期,土壤有机碳同位素为偏正变化趋势,符合现代C3植物本身随气候条件改变的碳同位 素组成变化。研究表明,利用黄土-古土壤有机碳同位素进行古气候变化研究,不能只将有机碳同位素简单的解 释为C3/C4植物相对丰度的变化,在单一植被类型下,还需要考虑植物本身碳同位素组成随气候条件的变化;另外, 研究还说明,我国黄土高原不同地区同时段土壤有机碳同位素值可以不同,其变化可以不具有相同的趋势,因此, 简单将有机碳同位素偏正归因于夏季风增强是值得商榷的。  相似文献   

10.
全新世时期的环境和气候变化是全球气候模拟、预测中不可或缺的资料.对苏拉威西海西北部MD98-2178孔(3.6200°N,118.7000°E,水深1 984 m)全新世的样品进行孢粉分析和浮游有孔虫氧稳定同位素测试,重建全新世苏拉威西海周边地区植被演化和气候变化图景.根据孢粉记录得到:在全新世早期至7 ka BP时,各孢粉组合浓度剧烈下降,指示海平面处于上升阶段;在7~4 ka BP时,各孢粉组合浓度都处于低谷,体现为高海平面期;在4 ka BP之后,孢粉记录则显示海平面有小幅的下降.在全新世中期,即5~4 ka BP,热带高山雨林花粉含量明显上升,表明是温度低值期.蕨类孢子记录显示降雨量在全新世早期是持续增加的,但在全新世中期之后,降雨量有所减少,这与陆地孢粉记录和印尼石笋记录的结果相似,体现全新世该地区降雨量受海陆格局和太阳活动共同影响.   相似文献   

11.
土壤碳动力学同位素示踪研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
土壤是陆地生态系统中最大的碳库。土壤碳动力学旨在研究土壤有机碳库的大小及更新速率。土壤有机碳库可分为 3个亚碳库:"活动"、"缓慢"和"稳定"碳库。碳同位素特别是 14 C可作为研究土壤碳动力学的理想示踪剂;δ 13 C值是定量研究C3和C4植被更替历史的有效手段; 14 C示踪及年代测定与 13 C信号联合使用,可以估算土壤碳库的大小和驻留时间。碳同位素示踪应用于土壤碳动力学研究取得了较大进展,但是由于缺乏可靠的全球数据库和标准方法来量化土壤有机碳库,导致对土壤各亚碳库的大小和更新速率以及土壤CO2的估算仍存在较大的不确定性,从而难以估计土壤碳库大小的变化对大气CO 2浓度和全球气候变化的潜在贡献。  相似文献   

12.
全球变化科学中的碳循环研究进展与趋向   总被引:34,自引:4,他引:34  
全球碳循环研究是全球变化科学中的研究重点之一,在过去的研究中已取得了长足的发展,但对碳源和汇的定量研究还是今后需要进一步加强的工作。综述了近年来全球碳库储量研究的主要进展,分析了岩石圈、陆地生态系统、海洋、大气以及人类社会等碳库的储量、在全球碳循环中的地位及其作用机制,针对与全球升温事件密切相关的人为碳排放问题专门作了论述,并结合最新的研究成果,对"未知汇"问题的新的研究方向作了阐述。碳循环研究已经进入一个新的发展时期,国际科学组织与各国政府对碳循环研究的关注与投入正逐步增加,但其关注的内容并不一致。分别以地球系统科学联盟的全球碳计划和美国的北美碳计划为例,介绍了国际碳循环研究的重点与趋势。最后提出了今后全球碳循环研究需要关注的一些领域:陆地碳循环机理与源汇定量研究;海洋大尺度碳循环及其机理研究;人类社会在碳循环中的作用研究等。  相似文献   

13.
Extractable biomarkers can help elucidate the environment and biota of ancient glaciations, although the method must be applied with care, as glacial sediments have a potential for incorporation of older detrital carbon. In Phanerozoic glacial sediments, the distinct elemental, molecular and isotopic compositions of the terrestrial and marine biomass allow discrimination between primary marine and redeposited terrestrial organic matter. However, as the Proterozoic biosphere was largely microbial and marine, biomarker and isotopic analyses are insufficient for distinguishing primary organic matter from secondary reworked organic matter. Here, we report the combined application of Raman spectroscopy and biomarker analysis to Precambrian glacial sediments, which, together, allows discrimination between mixed pools of organic carbon and provides a promising new approach for rapidly screening Precambrian sediments for immature organic matter amenable to biomarker analysis.  相似文献   

14.
The Changjiang, Huanghe, Zhujiang and Heilongjiang are the four largest rivers in China and they transport large amount of fresh water and terrigenous materials, including both inorganic and organic carbon into the ocean. The sources of the terrestrial carbon transported in the four rivers, however, have not been well constrained and compared. In this study, we used carbon isotopes (13C and 14C) combined with concentration measurements to investigate and compare the sources and fluxes of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) in the four rivers. The contributions of the potential sources to both DIC and DOC were quantitatively calculated using a dual isotope and three end member model. The results showed that the concentrations and isotope characteristics of the carbon pools in the river depended largely on the geological setting, surrounding environment and the anthropogenic influence of the drainage basins. Compared with other large rivers in the world, the concentrations of DIC in the Changjiang, Huanghe and Zhujiang were higher, but the DIC fluxes in the Huanghe and Zhujiang were lower. The DOC concentrations in the Heilongjiang River were higher and lower in the other three rivers compared with the average value of the world largest 25 rivers. The Changjiang, Huanghe and Zhujiang all transport millennia aged carbon. The old riverine DIC reflects the influence of chemical weathering of carbonate rocks and the old DOC reflects influence mainly from pre-aged soil OC. These ancient terrestrial carbon discharged by the rivers could have significant effects on the carbon cycle and ecosystems in the China's marginal seas.  相似文献   

15.
Subsurface microbial oxidation of overridden soils and vegetation beneath glaciers and ice sheets may affect global carbon budgets on glacial-interglacial timescales. The likelihood and magnitude of this process depends on the chemical nature and reactivity of the subglacial organic carbon stores. We examined the composition of carbon pools associated with different regions of the Greenland ice sheet (subglacial, supraglacial, proglacial) in order to elucidate the type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in the subglacial discharge over a melt season. Electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry coupled to multivariate statistics permitted unprecedented molecular level characterization of this material and revealed that carbon pools associated with discrete glacial regions are comprised of different compound classes. Specifically, a larger proportion of protein-like compounds were observed in the supraglacial samples and in the early melt season (spring) subglacial discharge. In contrast, the late melt season (summer) subglacial discharge contained a greater fraction of lignin-like and other material presumably derived from underlying vegetation and soil. These results suggest (1) that the majority of supraglacial DOM originates from autochthonous microbial processes on the ice sheet surface, (2) that the subglacial DOM contains allochthonous carbon derived from overridden soils and vegetation as well as autochthonous carbon derived from in situ microbial metabolism, and (3) that the relative contribution of allochthonous and autochthonous material in subglacial discharge varies during the melt season. These conclusions are consistent with the hypothesis that, given sufficient time (e.g., overwinter storage), resident subglacial microbial communities may oxidize terrestrial material beneath the Greenland ice sheet.  相似文献   

16.
河流碳输移与陆地侵蚀-沉积过程关系的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
河流碳输移与陆地侵蚀-沉积过程紧密相关。首先就机械和化学风化两种不同的陆地侵蚀机制在提供河流碳源方面所发挥的不同作用作了详细论述,并比较了季风流域和非季风流域间河流碳输移在通量及性质上的差异。之后对陆地碳沉积机制进行了归纳,指出了包括大坝截留,河漫滩、河口-近岸带沉积及陆地碳沉降等几种可能的陆源碳踪迹。陆地环境的截留效应相对于侵蚀尚不太清楚,今后应加强对陆地碳沉积的研究,进一步明确各种碳沉积的作用机制及其对全球陆地碳汇的贡献量。此外,人类活动对陆地侵蚀-沉积过程及河流碳循环所产生的直接或间接的影响也有待于今后继续深入探索。  相似文献   

17.
Seagrass ecosystems are attracting attention as potentially important tools for carbon (C) sequestration, comparable to those terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems already incorporated into climate change mitigation frameworks. Despite the relatively low C stocks in living biomass, the soil organic carbon pools beneath seagrass meadows can be substantial. We tested the relationship between soil C storage and seagrass community biomass, productivity, and species composition by revisiting meadows experimentally altered by 30 years of consistent nutrient fertilization provided by roosting birds. While the benthos beneath experimental perches has maintained dense, Halodule wrightii-dominated communities compared to the sparse Thalassia testudinum-dominated communities at control sites, there were no significant differences in soil organic carbon stocks in the top 15 cm. Although there were differences in δ13C of the dominant seagrass species at control and treatment sites, there was no difference in soil δ13C between treatments. Averages for soil organic carbon content (2.57?±?0.08 %) and δ13C (?12.0?±?0.3?‰) were comparable to global averages for seagrass ecosystems; however, our findings question the relevance of local-scale seagrass species composition or density to soil organic carbon pools in some environmental contexts.  相似文献   

18.
陆地硅的生物地球化学循环研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
地球表层硅(Si)的生物地球化学循环与大气CO2浓度变化、大洋生物泵作用以及海岸带富营养化等过程密切相关,因此成为全球环境变化研究的核心问题之一。在地质时间尺度上,硅酸盐矿物的化学风化是地球表层所有次生Si的来源。陆地生态系统各次生Si库具有不同的形成机制和驱动因子,这导致各Si库的贮存量和循环周期存在明显差异。土壤Si库中的黏土矿物Si、溶解硅(DSi)和淀积在其他矿物表面的无定形Si都源自硅酸盐矿物的化学风化过程;植物生长过程中吸收土壤中的DSi形成生物Si,然后经微生物分解过程返还给土壤;地表径流将流域陆源Si以悬移质Si和DSi的形式输入河流、海洋。迄今,陆地不同形态Si库的大小及其对全球Si循环的贡献仍不确定。因此,在研究陆地Si的生物地球化学循环过程中,综合考虑各种地表过程及其耦合作用是非常必要的。  相似文献   

19.
Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis was used in the Peridido Estuary, Florida U.S. to determine the predominant carbon source that supports the bacterial assemblage. Stable carbon isotope values were measured in the suspended particulate matter (SPM), dissolved organic and inorganic matter, and bacteria. Stable nitrogen isotope (δ15N) ratios were measured in SPM and nitrate to assist in understanding carbon cycling through the estuary. Analyses were conducted on samples from riverine, coastal, and anthropogenic sources and compared with samples from the bay. Stable isotope ratio analysis was coupled with estimates of mixing of riverine and coastal waters into the bay. Preliminary observation of the °13C data indicates that terrestrial organic matter is the primary carbon source that is assimilated by bacteria in the ecosystem. Stable isotope data from carbon and nitrogen pools in combination with analysis of estuarine current velocities indicates that primary production is an important factor in the carbon cycle. This study demonstrates the importance of stable isotope analysis of multiple carbon and nitrogen pols to assess sources and cycling of organic matter.  相似文献   

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