共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
本文根据板块相互作用的原理,对全球地震带作了新的具体的划分:Ⅰ带为美洲西海岸地震带;Ⅱ带为太平洋西北边缘地震带;Ⅲ带为大洋岛弧地震带;Ⅳ带为亚欧地震带;Ⅴ带为全球海岭地震带。各带地震活动水平从强到弱的顺序是Ⅲ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ。求出本世纪各年Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ三带的地震活动性指数A(b),并对A(b)指数随时间的变化作了最大熵谱分析和周期图分析。结果显示Ⅱ,Ⅲ两带的周期成分与Ⅰ带有明显不同。Ⅰ带的变化较平稳,富于短周期成分,在1942年和1960年有两个峰期;Ⅱ带从1964年以来处于长趋势下降阶段,至八十年代已降至极小;Ⅲ带的五十年代事件效应显著,其变化趋势能较好地代表全球地震活动的变化总趋势。Ⅱ,Ⅲ两带有较强的长周期变化成分,可能与太平洋板块的面积较大有关。 相似文献
2.
藏南定结铁镁质麻粒岩矿物化学、PTt轨迹和折返过程 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
定结铁镁质麻粒岩出露于藏南拆离系和申扎-定结伸展构造系交汇处的高喜马拉雅岩系糜棱岩化片麻岩内, 以不同规模的透镜状包体沿着糜棱面理分布, 主要岩石类型包括退变石榴石斜长辉石岩、石榴石二辉麻粒岩和辉石斜长角闪岩等. 详细的岩相学分析表明这些铁镁质麻粒岩经历了至少四个阶段的变质演化, 早期形成了石榴石+单斜辉石+石英(榴辉岩)矿物组合(M1)、早期降压分解形成斜长石+单斜辉石后成合晶构成的高压麻粒岩矿物组合(M2)、晚期降压分解形成的斜长石+单斜辉石+紫苏辉石后成合晶构成的麻粒岩相矿物组合(M3)和最后降温水化形成的斜长石+角闪石退变质矿物组合(M4). 详细的矿物电子探针成分分析表明早期石榴石和单斜辉石(M1和M2)矿物成分与B类和C类榴辉岩同类矿物的成分特征相似, M3单斜辉石与麻粒岩相单斜辉石的成分特征一致. 早期残晶矿物组合形成于榴辉岩相(M1), 早期降压分解(M2)反应发生于1.35~1.48 GPa, 625~675℃, 降压分解的M3麻粒岩相变质阶段矿物组合形成于0.7~0.95 GPa, 775~900℃, M4退化变质的斜长石+角闪石矿物组合形成于4.0~7.5 GPa、660~700℃, 记录了俯冲增厚－构造隆升的PTt轨迹. 矿物化学特征和不同阶段变质作用的P-T条件表明早期经历了榴辉岩相变质作用. 折返过程中经历了榴辉岩相构造隆升、榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相到麻粒岩相均衡隆升和伸展隆升的三阶段折返过程. 相似文献
3.
胶南群中发育大量的超基性岩、榴辉岩和强烈变形的糜棱岩,它们在空间上呈带状分布。超基性岩-榴辉岩带和糜棱岩带多赋存于胶南群洙边组之中,具有明显的层控特点。因此,它们可能是同一套变形地层单位被褶皱的产物,并且可能代表了一条形成于中深地壳、现已褶皱并出露地表的大型滑脱带。 海州群变质较浅,发育许多中高压矿物,并有蓝片岩产出。因此,它可能是一条高压变质带 相似文献
4.
大别杂岩减压变质过程与造山带深部区域性快速构造折返 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大别杂岩的变质岩岩石可分出麻粒岩相带和角闪岩相带.麻粒岩相中石榴石内带的生长成分环带保存完好,角闪岩相石榴石内带无成分变化,但近外带为生长环带,反映两个变质相带早期具有不同的变质历史.但是,两个变质相带普遍发育反映减压的反应结构和成分演化趋势.矿物温度计压力计估算麻粒岩相带减压△P≈-0.70GPa;角闪岩相带减压△P≈-0.85GPa.变质P-T轨迹具碰撞和俯冲变质的双重特点,表明大别杂岩经受了快速下沉和快速构造折返.区内高压超高压榴辉岩折返可能与之同期. 相似文献
5.
对西天山高压变质带内高压脉的研究表明,高压脉与寄主岩石具总体一致的Pb和Sr同位素组成,高压脉206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb及87Sr/86Sr(t=340 Ma)分别为17.122～17.431,15.477～15.611,37.432～38.689和0.70529～0.70705;主岩上述比值为17.605～17.834,15.508～15.564,37.080～38.145和0.70522～0.70685.与主岩相比,高压脉具大得多的Pb同位素组成变化.高压脉和主岩Rb/Ba,Ce/Pb,Nb/U和Ta/U比值均介于洋岛玄武岩(OIB)或洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)与陆壳间,显示有陆壳物质混入.西天山古俯冲带深部成脉流体为来自具Ⅰ类富集地幔特征的大洋玄武岩(主岩原岩)进变质脱水与来自俯冲沉积物(包括陆源沉积物)进变质脱水形成的两种流体的混合. 相似文献
6.
新疆西南天山科克苏河新发现榴辉岩岩石学特征和相平衡研究及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西南天山高压-超高压变质带东段特克斯县科克苏河一带首次发现了榴辉岩和含绿辉石的蓝片岩,通过详细的岩石学研究,并运用THERMOCALC软件、在MnNC(K)FMASHO体系下对其进行了相平衡模拟.选择的样品为新鲜的榴辉岩TK003,含绿辉石包体的蓝片岩TK026-8及退变榴辉岩TK027.3个样品石榴石成分均显示出从核部到边部Xpy和Xgrs逐渐升高,Xsps不断降低的变质生长环带特征.相平衡模拟结果显示,榴辉岩和蓝片岩经历了相似的P-T演化轨迹,早期近等压条件下升温至峰期,达到榴辉岩相变质作用温压范围,峰期温压条件为T=480~515℃,P=2.0~2.3 GPa;而后在近等温条件下快速降压,退变初期经历的温压条件为515~519℃,1.78~1.93 GPa.不同样品中变质矿物组合及其含量的不同主要受全岩成分控制的退变路径不同所引起,此外还可能与体系含水量有关.峰期温压条件及其地热梯度(6~7℃km-1)表明科克苏河流域出露的高压变质岩石同样经历了冷俯冲榴辉岩相变质作用,它与西端的昭苏境内的榴辉岩-蓝片岩带相连,构成了东西向长约200 km的榴辉岩相变质带.但在该区并未发现超高压变质矿物,说明西南天山东段的科克苏河一带可能没有俯冲到达发生超高压变质作用的深度. 相似文献
7.
在秦岭构造带东段大别山北麓的河南信阳附近,作者发现了一个古消减带,其中消减杂岩由蛇绿岩:混杂岩及低温高压变质带的岩石组成。推断古板块会聚边缘的构造发育史可以划分为以下三个阶段: Ⅰ、晚元古代(约800—7000百万年前),东秦岭古洋壳向北朝华北古陆之下俯冲,产生了初始的桐柏岛弧及弧后的边缘海。 Ⅱ、元古代末(约700—600百万年前),俯冲带极性反向,边缘海洋壳向南朝桐柏岛弧之下消减,从而产生了信阳消减杂岩。 Ⅲ、早古生代初(约600—500百万年前),边缘海闭合,桐柏岛弧增生于华北古陆的南缘,东秦岭古洋壳沿岛弧之南的一个新贝尼奥夫带再次向北俯冲 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(1)
出露于造山带的高压-超高压榴辉岩记录了地壳俯冲到地幔深度而后又折返回地表的过程,其俯冲过程与折返机制的研究对理解俯冲带性质、演化、地球动力学过程乃至板块构造理论都有着非常重要的作用.相对于较轻的陆壳长英质高压-超高压岩石,基性洋壳榴辉岩密度大,其折返难度大且过程复杂.折返过程除了受内在浮力的影响,还受外在构造力(如隧道流)的制约,另外板片构造环境(如板片后撤和板片断离)的作用也不可忽视.中国西南天山高压-超高压变质带是典型的经历过深俯冲变质作用的增生混杂岩带,主要由高压-超高压变质沉积岩及夹杂其中的变基性岩透镜体组成,但长期以来其折返模式一直不太清楚.根据其野外产状、岩相学特征、峰期变质温压条件和峰期变质年龄等多方面的综合分析,可以采用沉积岩型"俯冲隧道折返模式"来概括西南天山高压-超高压变质带的形成和演化.部分经历多期变质作用的榴辉岩岩块记录了多期俯冲-折返循环,反映了俯冲隧道内的上下环流运动,有力证明了俯冲隧道的存在.最后,本文对目前研究存在的问题和未来的探索方向进行了展望. 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(8)
桐柏-红安造山带位于秦岭与大别-苏鲁造山带之间,因其完好地保存了古生代增生造山体系和古生代末-中生代碰撞造山体系而成为了解华北-华南陆块之间构造演化的关键地区.近20年来的可利用研究资料表明,桐柏-红安造山带显生宙的总体构造演化框架包括以下4个主要阶段:(1)早古生代(490~420 Ma)大洋俯冲、岛弧增生与弧陆碰撞,从而于早古生代末在华北陆块南缘形成一个新的安第斯型大陆边缘;(2)晚古生代(340~310 Ma)大洋俯冲与增生,进而在商丹-松扒断裂南侧形成变质时代相同,但变质作用类型不同的"双变质带",即被分割的武关-龟山中级变质杂岩带和熊店高压榴辉岩带;(3)晚古生代末-早中生代(255~200 Ma)大陆俯冲与陆陆碰撞,通过华南大陆岩板东深西浅的俯冲和多层次拆离/折返形成桐柏高压变质地体和红安高压/超高压变质地体;(4)晚中生代(140~120 Ma)伸展、大规模岩浆侵位与构造挤出,造成桐柏-红安-大别高压/超高压变质地体最终出露地表及东宽西窄的构造格局.然而,对每一构造演化阶段的具体细节以及早期地质历史的认识方面还存在着诸多争议和(或)难以解释的问题.未来的研究除在桐柏-红安造山带继续开展深入细致的工作外,还需与西部"软碰撞"的秦岭造山带和东部"硬碰撞"的大别-苏鲁造山带的研究紧密结合,以期建立适合于整个秦岭-桐柏-红安-大别-苏鲁造山带从古生代到中生代的经典构造演化模型. 相似文献
10.
放射虫等生物群在非史密斯地层研究中的应用--以东昆仑阿尼玛卿混杂岩带为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
造山带混杂岩地层构成的主要特色是造山带大地构造演化各阶段的不同来源、不同时代、不同环境、不同变形变质程度、不同大小的各种构造岩片 (块 )或重叠、或位移、或缺失 ,形成现今统一的混杂物质场 .造山带非史密斯地层方法则通过混杂堆积中的构造岩片四维裂拼复原分析 ,着重了解各构造岩片的原生生成时代、相环境、古大地构造背景和变形变质历程 .根据在东昆仑阿尼玛卿混杂岩带中新发现的放射虫、孢粉、遗迹化石等资料 ,对该混杂岩带的构造岩片 (块 )时态、相态进行了研究 ,为阿尼玛卿造山带的演化历程提供了精细解剖新资料 . 相似文献
11.
12.
The Lengjiaxi and Banxi groups of the Meso-Neoproterozoic and the Sinian to the Lower Paleozoic occur along the profile from Huangtudian to Xianxi in the central-northern Hunan Province, China. Previous studies on the metamorphism around the area did not … 相似文献
13.
YAN Shouxun Laboratory of Remote Sensing Information Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)
To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kubler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KI△2θ°ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KI△2θ° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kubler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217-2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214-2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205-2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors. 相似文献
14.
We present a quantitative relationship between blocking temperature and time that, in principle, provides a calibration of thermal remagnetization in nature. For a given metamorphic temperature-time regime, one can decide whether a given laboratory blocking temperature (or for paleointensity work, a range of blocking temperatures) is consistent with primary natural remanence (NRM) or with a metamorphic overprint. Independent of the domain structure or the chemical composition of the magnetic minerals, two general types of behaviour are predicted. If the primary NRM possesses laboratory (or primary cooling) blocking temperatures within 100°C or so of the Curie temperature, thermal remagnetization at lower temperatures, even over times as long as 106 years, is improbable. If the blocking temperatures are lower, viscous remagnetization is pronounced at temperatures well below those indicated by laboratory thermal demagnetization. An approximate scale of the “survival potential” of primary NRM in rocks of different metamorphic grades indicates that primary paleointensities are unlikely to be recovered from rocks metamorphosed above high-greenschist facies if the predominant magnetic mineral is nearly pure magnetite, or above middle-amphibolite facies if nearly pure hematite is predominant. Evidence from laboratory experiments and paleomagnetic field studies in metamorphic regions suggests, however, that these survival estimates are unduly optimistic. Chemical remagnetization through the destruction of primary magnetic minerals, and not thermal remagnetization, probably sets an effective upper temperature for the survival of primary NRM. 相似文献
15.
Detailed REE geochemical studies of the Xingzi Group metasedimentary rocks at Lushan and rock-forming minerals such as garnet have been conducted and the results show that the REEs are partly present in the rock-forming minerals and are dominantly contained in the lattice of accessory minerals. In the process of metamorphism the REEs reached partition equilibrium between garnet porphyroblast and rock and the partitioning of REEs between garnet and host rock is obviously controlled by the chemical composition of the system. The REE compositions of metamorphic veins and their minerals display remarked lanthanide tetrad effects and the element pairs Zr-Hf, U-Th and Y-Ho have also experienced remarkable fractionation with respect to the metamorphic rocks and they can be used as discriminating indicators for the occurrence of fluid processes in the process of metamorphism of the Xingzi Group. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The main mesoscopic features of the ductile deformation in the Hongusan region of the Ryoke Belt can be explained in terms of a single deformation phase, Dm . The associated stretching lineation is roughly east–west and has an associated top-to-the-west sense of shear. This information fills an important gap in our knowledge about the deformational history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt. Andalusite porphyroblasts are well-developed in the Hongusan area and their microstructure can be used to link the deformational history with the metamorphism. However, the andalusite porphyroblasts show both intertectonic and post-tectonic microstructures. Some porphyroblasts have an intertectonic core and post-tectonic rim. Analysis of associated metamorphic minerals and bulk-rock chemistry suggests that the distinct types of microstructure can be explained in terms of distinct formation reactions related to regional and contact metamorphism. The intertectonic microstructure shows the presence of a deformation pre-dating Dm , referred to as Dc . These two deformation stages are sufficient to account for all the main deformation features. The distribution of post-tectonic andalusite growth shows a very broad thermal effect around an intrusion in the area. This can help place constraints on the thermal history of the Ryoke metamorphic belt. 相似文献
17.
Peter Schiffman Alan E. Williams Russell C. Evarts 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1984,70(2):207-220
The oxygen isotope compositions and metamorphic mineral assemblages of hydrothermally altered rocks from the Del Puerto ophiolite and overlying volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks at the base of the Great Valley sequence indicate that their alteration occurred in a submarine hydrothermal system. Whole rock δ18O compositions decrease progressively down section (with increasing metamorphic grade): +22.4‰ (SMOW) to +13.8 for zeolite-bearing volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks overlying the ophiolite; +19.6 to +11.6 for pumpellyite-bearing metavolcanic rocks in the upper part of the ophiolite's volcanic member; +12.3 to +8.1 for epidote-bearing metavolcanic rocks in the lower part of the volcanic member; +8.5 to +5.7 for greenschist facies rocks from the ophiolite's plutonic member; +7.6 to +5.8 for amphibolite facies or unmetamorphosed rocks from the plutonic member.
Modelling of fluid-rock interaction in the Del Puerto ophiolite indicates that the observed pattern of upward enrichment in whole rock δ18O can be best explained by isotopic exchange with discharging18O-shifted seawater at fluid/rock mass ratios near 2 and temperatures below 500°C.18O-depleted plutonic rocks necessarily produced during hydrothermal circulation were later removed as a result of tectonism. Submarine weathering and later burial metamorphism at the base of the Great Valley sequence cannot by itself have produced the zonation of hydrothermal minerals and the corresponding variations in oxygen isotope compositions. The pervasive zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite facies mineral assemblages found in the Del Puerto ophiolite may reflect its origin near an island arc rather than deep ocean spreading center. 相似文献
18.
Yong-Fei Zheng 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1993,120(3-4):247-263
The modified increment method has been applied to the calculation of oxygen isotope fractionation factors for hydroxyl-bearing silicate minerals. The order of 18O enrichment obtained in common rock-forming minerals is: pyrophyllite > kaolinite > tourmaline talc > prehnite topaz > illite > phengite > lepidolite muscovite staurolite > epidote > glaucophane > serpentine chlorite > tremolite > hornblende > phlogopite biotite > humite > norbergite > ilvaite. Hydroxyl-bearing silicates are enriched in 18O relative to hydroxyl groups but depleted in 18O relative to anhydrous counterparts.
Three sets of self-consistent fractionation factors: between quartz and the hydroxyl-bearing silicate minerals, between calcite and the silicate minerals, and between the silicate minerals and water, have been calculated for a temperature range of 0–1200°C. The fractionation factors calculated for mineral pairs are applicable to isotopic geothermometry in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary petrology. They can be used as a test of isotopic equilibrium or disequilibrium in natural mineral assemblages over all temperature ranges of geological interest. The difference in oxygen isotope composition between the hydroxyl-bearing mineral and the OH group is quantitatively demonstrated to be temperature dependent and, therefore, can be used as a single-mineral geothermometer. 相似文献
19.
Chemical Th–U–total Pb isochron method (CHIME) monazite dating was carried out for pelitic–psammitic migmatites and the Ao granite (one of the Younger Ryoke granites) from the Aoyama area, Ryoke metamorphic belt, Southwest Japan. The Ao granite gives an unequivocal age of 79.8 ± 3.9 Ma. The monazite grains in migmatites yield an age of 96.5 ± 1.9 Ma with rims and patchy domains of 83.5 ± 2.4 Ma. The 83.5 ± 2.4‐Ma overprinting on migmatites over the garnet–cordierite zone suggests a wide and combined effect of thermal input and fluid activity on the monazite grains caused by the contact metamorphism by the Younger Ryoke granites including the Ao granite. This contact metamorphism has not been detected from the major metamorphic mineral assemblage previously, possibly because the migmatites already possessed the high‐temperature mineral assemblage before the granite intrusions and were immune from contact metamorphism in terms of major metamorphic minerals. However, monazite records contact metamorphism clearly. Therefore, the field mapping of the CHIME monazite age is a powerful tool for recognition of polymetamorphism in high‐temperature metamorphic terrains where later thermal effects can not be easily detected by the growth of new major metamorphic minerals. 相似文献
20.
Xuemei Cheng Shuyun Cao Junyu Li Zunpu Yu Yanlong Dong Meixia Lv Junlai Liu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(8):1023-1041
Diancangshan metamorphic massif is one of the four metamorphic massifs developed along the Ailaoshan-Red River strike-slip fault zone, Yunnan, China. It has experienced multi-stage metamorphism and deformation, especially since the late Oligocene it widely suffered high-temperature ductile shear deformation and exhumation of the metamorphic rocks from the deep crust to the shallow surface. Based on the previous research and geological field work, this paper presents a detailed study on deformation and metamorphism, and exhumation of deep metamorphic rocks within the Diancangshan metamorphic massif, especially focusing on the low-temperature overprinted retrogression metamorphism and deformation of mylonitic rocks. With the combinated experimental techniques of optical microscope, electron backscatter diffraction attachmented on field-emission scanning electron microscopy and cathodoluminescence, our contribution reports the microstructure, lattice preferred orientations of the deformed minerals, and the changes of mineral composition phases of the superposition low-temperature retrograde mylonites. All these results indicate that: (1) Diancangshan deep metamorphic rock has experienced early high-temperature left-lateral shear deformation and late extension with rapid exhumation, the low-temperature retrogression metamorphism and deformation overprinted the high-temperature metamorphism, and the high-temperature microstructure and texture are in part or entirely altered by subsequent low-temperature shearing; (2) the superposition of low-temperature deformation-metamorphism occurs at the ductile-brittle transition; and (3) the fluid is quite active during the syn-tectonic shearing overprinted low-temperature deformation and metamorphism. The dynamic recrystallization and/or fractures to micro-fractures result in the strongly fine-grained of the main minerals, and present strain localization in micro-domians, such as micro-shear zones in the mylonites. It is often accompanied by the decrease of rock strength and finally influences the rheology of the whole rock during further deformation and exhumation of the Diancangshan massif. 相似文献