共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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JESSICA HARLAND-JACOBS 《Geographical review》1999,89(2):237-253
ABSTRACT. From Montreal to Madras, from Barbados to Burma, the lodges of Freemasons dotted the landscape of the British Empire from the eighteenth century to the twentieth. Together with the British grand lodges under whose authority they met, these lodges constituted a vast network that extended across the oceans and linked Freemasons in Britain's colonies to the metropole and to each other. In this article I use the fraternity to demonstrate how the age of empire can serve as a laboratory for studying transoceanic networks, institutions, and identities. Looking first at the broad imperial context, I demonstrate how the global Masonic network developed and describe its functions during the long nineteenth century. I then focus on the British North Atlantic as a case study of the brotherhood's role in connecting people on various sides of a particular ocean basin by offering practical services and encouraging an “imperialist” identity that helped consolidate the British Empire. 相似文献
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Dorothy Sack 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(1):28-37
Accounts of the paradigmatic history of twentieth century American geomorphology traditionally describe Gilbert and Davis in anthithetical terms. That characterization partially misrepresents Gilbert, who was a geographer and an educator as well as a geologist and an investigator. Viewing the Gilbertian paradigm as the antithesis of the outmoded Davisian paradigm may have facilitated the acceptance of Gilbert's approach, but extending the dichotomous generalization to other aspects of Gilbert and Davis impedes full appreciation of Gilbert's contributions. 相似文献
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James O. Wheeler 《The Professional geographer》1986,38(1):53-61
Area studies emerged as the leading tradition in American geography during the second decade of this century, supplanting the earth science tradition. The man-land tradition, reaching its peak during the second and third decades, never became as dominant as did the area studies tradition, based on a classification of the number of articles published, papers presented at annual AAG meetings, doctoral dissertations, and philosophical and methodological pronouncements by noted figures in American geography. 相似文献
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Philip J. Gersmehl 《The Professional geographer》1985,37(3):329-334
In 1977, I published a set of coarse-resolution dot maps that showed the general distributions of soil orders in the 48 states. Through a sequence of copies made by various people, one of those maps eventually appeared in a planning document as a shaded-area map with the title “Principal Peatlands of the United States.” Along the way a saline desert muck of conjectural extent and location was “transformed” into a documented energy resource for the nation. The history of this map offers a clear lesson for mapmakers: we have a three-fold duty, to the data, to the map reader, and to any third party who might be affected by a foreseeable misinterpretation of our maps. 相似文献
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ARMELLE DECAULNE ÞORSTEINN SÆMUNDSSON HELGI PÁLL JÓNSSON OLGA SANDBERG 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(1):51-63
This study investigates variability in depositional processes and landforms on the Innstaland colluvial fan, northern Iceland, over the late Holocene. This is completed using geomorphological mapping, historical records and relative‐age dating tools (vegetation survey, rock hardness and tephrochronology). Debris flows are the main contributors to fan development. Six main phases of deposition are distinguished, varying in deposit magnitude along a general trend of decreasing magnitude over time. With the help of dated tephra layers, the aggradation rates of the fan are calculated for the upper Holocene and in particular over the historical period (post‐ AD 1104). An episodic sediment transfer system is reconstructed, with several phases of low activity between more rapid aggradational episodes. The interpretation of the colluvial deposits suggests that the main phase of aggradation on the fan ended during the historical period after which incision started (between AD 1300 and 1766). Incision tracks act as the main pathways for debris distribution at the present time. These variations are related to the changing response of the catchment system over time. 相似文献
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